Effect of Spatially Distributed Small Dams on Flood Frequency: Insights from the Soap Creek Watershed

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 04017011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibebu B. Ayalew ◽  
Witold F. Krajewski ◽  
Ricardo Mantilla ◽  
Daniel B. Wright ◽  
Scott J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Small Dams ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spatially Distributed

scholarly journals Regional Flood Frequency Analysis using Dimensionless Index Flood Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2425-2436
Author(s):  
Andy Obinna Ibeje ◽  
Ben N. Ekwueme
Keyword(s):  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Index Flood ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Regional Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Regional Flood Frequency

Hydrologic designs require accurate estimation of quartiles of extreme floods. But in many developing regions, records of flood data are seldom available. A model framework using the dimensionless index flood for the transfer of Flood Frequency Curve (FFC) among stream gauging sites in a hydrologically homogeneous region is proposed.  Key elements of the model framework include: (1) confirmation of the homogeneity of the region; (2) estimation of index flood-basin area relation; (3) derivation of the regional flood frequency curve (RFFC) and deduction of FFC of an ungauged catchment as a product of index flood and dimensionless RFFC. As an application, 1983 to 2004 annual extreme flood from six selected gauging sites located in Anambra-Imo River basin of southeast Nigeria, were used to demonstrate that the developed index flood model: , overestimated flood quartiles in an ungauged site of the basin.  It is recommended that, for wider application, the model results can be improved by the availability and use of over 100 years length of flood data spatially distributed at critical locations of the watershed. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091627 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Landscape analysis of soil methane flux across complex terrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3143-3167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra E. Kaiser ◽  
Brian L. McGlynn ◽  
John E. Dore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Relationships between methane (CH4) fluxes and environmental conditions have been extensively explored in saturated soils, while research has been less prevalent in aerated soils because of the relatively small magnitudes of CH4 fluxes that occur in dry soils. Our study builds on previous carbon cycle research at Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, Montana, to identify how environmental conditions reflected by topographic metrics can be leveraged to estimate watershed scale CH4 fluxes from point scale measurements. Here, we measured soil CH4 concentrations and fluxes across a range of landscape positions (7 riparian, 25 upland), utilizing topographic and seasonal (29 May–12 September) gradients to examine the relationships between environmental variables, hydrologic dynamics, and CH4 emission and uptake. Riparian areas emitted small fluxes of CH4 throughout the study (median: 0.186 µg CH4–C m−2 h−1) and uplands increased in sink strength with dry-down of the watershed (median: −22.9 µg CH4–C m−2 h−1). Locations with volumetric water content (VWC) below 38 % were methane sinks, and uptake increased with decreasing VWC. Above 43 % VWC, net CH4 efflux occurred, and at intermediate VWC net fluxes were near zero. Riparian sites had near-neutral cumulative seasonal flux, and cumulative uptake of CH4 in the uplands was significantly related to topographic indices. These relationships were used to model the net seasonal CH4 flux of the upper Stringer Creek watershed (−1.75 kg CH4–C ha−1). This spatially distributed estimate was 111 % larger than that obtained by simply extrapolating the mean CH4 flux to the entire watershed area. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the space–time variability of net CH4 fluxes as predicted by the frequency distribution of landscape positions when assessing watershed scale greenhouse gas balances.

scholarly journals A GRASS tool for the Sediment Delivery Ratio mapping

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi De Rosa ◽  
Corrado Cencetti ◽  
Andrea Fredduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Grass Gis ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Solid Transport ◽  
Definition Of

This work involves a tool implementation for evaluating Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) in a river basin, through GRASS GIS software. The definition of a spatially distributed value of SDR is a very important task as the sediment routing can affects solid transport in stream channels, water quality degradation, and frequency increase of natural disasters such as debris flows and mudflows. For such reason the SDR evaluation, coupled with GIS approach, has been extensively used in scientific literature. Geographic information systems provide a fundamental support for a better prediction of SDR, since it can consider the space variability of factors influencing the sediment routing processes. Actually a specific GIS module to estimate the spatial variability of SDR does not exist. We implemented a GRASS GIS module (in python language) called r.sdr where the sediment delivery ratio is evaluated by GIS procedure using several SDR equations available in literature. We applied the tool to the Feo Creek watershed, located in the Apennines area of northeastern Umbria (Italy).

scholarly journals Inferring the flood frequency distribution for an ungauged basin using a spatially distributed rainfall-runoff model

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moretti ◽  
A. Montanari
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. The estimation of the peak river flow for ungauged river sections is a topical issue in applied hydrology. Spatially distributed rainfall-runoff models can be a useful tool to this end, since they are potentially able to simulate the river flow at any location of the watershed drainage network. However, it is not fully clear to what extent these models can provide reliable simulations over a wide range of spatial scales. This issue is investigated here by applying a spatially distributed, continuous simulation rainfall-runoff model to infer the flood frequency distribution of the Riarbero Torrent. This is an ungauged mountain creek located in northern Italy, whose drainage area is 17 km2. The results were checked by using estimates of the peak river flow obtained by applying a classical procedure based on hydrological similarity principles. The analysis highlights interesting perspectives for the application of spatially distributed models to ungauged catchments.

scholarly journals A GRASS tool for the Sediment Delivery Ratio mapping

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi De Rosa ◽  
Corrado Cencetti ◽  
Andrea Fredduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Grass Gis ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Solid Transport ◽  
Definition Of

This work involves the implementation of a tool for evaluating Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) in a river basin, through GRASS GIS software. The definition of a spatially distributed value of SDR is a very important task as the sediment routing can affect solid transport in stream channels, water quality degradation, and frequency increase of natural disasters such as debris flows and mudflows. For such reason the SDR evaluation, coupled with GIS approach, has been extensively used in scientific literature. Geographic information systems provide a fundamental support for a better prediction of the SDR, since it can consider the space variability of factors influencing the sediment routing processes. Actually a specific GIS module to estimate the spatial variability of SDR does not exist. We implemented a GRASS GIS module (in python language) called r.sdr where the sediment delivery ratio is evaluated by GIS procedure by using several SDR equations available in literature. We applied the tool to the Feo Creek watershed, located in the Apennines area of northeastern Umbria (Italy).

scholarly journals Landscape analysis of soil methane flux across complex terrain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra E. Kaiser ◽  
Brian L. McGlynn ◽  
John E. Dore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Relationships between methane (CH4) fluxes and environmental conditions have been extensively explored in saturated soils, while in aerated soils, the relatively small magnitudes of CH4 fluxes have made research less prevalent. Our study builds on previous carbon cycle research at Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, Montana to identify how environmental conditions reflected by topographic metrics can be leveraged to estimate watershed scale CH4 fluxes from point scale measurements. Here, we measured soil CH4 concentrations and fluxes across a range of landscape positions (7 riparian, 25 upland), utilizing topographic and seasonal gradients to examine the relationships between environmental variables, hydrologic dynamics, and CH4 emission and uptake. Riparian areas emitted small fluxes of CH4 throughout the study (median: 0.186 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1) and uplands increased in sink strength with dry down of the watershed (median: −22.9 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1). Locations with volumetric water content (VWC) below 38 % were methane sinks, and uptake increased with decreasing VWC. Above 43 % VWC, net CH4 efflux occurred, and at intermediate VWC net fluxes were near zero. Riparian sites had near neutral cumulative seasonal flux, and cumulative uptake of CH4 in the uplands was significantly related to topographic indices. These relationships were used to model the net seasonal CH4 flux of the upper Stringer Creek watershed (−1.75 kg CH4-C ha−1). This spatially distributed estimate was 111 % larger than that obtained by simply extrapolating the mean CH4 flux to the entire watershed area. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the space-time variability of net CH4 fluxes as predicted by the frequency distribution of landscape positions when assessing watershed scale greenhouse gas balances.

scholarly journals A PCSWMM/GIS Based Water Balance Model for the Reesor Creek Watershed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Modelling Methodology

In the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), there have been drastic changes to local watersheds as urban areas sprawl over surrounding rural areas. It is necessary to understand the water balance of a watershed in order to develop and implement a watershed plan. In an urbanized watershed, the run-off rate and volume will increase. While Duffins Creek may be one of the healthiest watersheds in the GTA, it is also one that is producing the most concern for the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority where findings suggested that proposed urbanization will impact the water quality and quantity. This [thesis] research has three objectives: to develop a modelling methodology that integrates GIS and hydrologic models in a water balance analysis using as case study the Reesor Creek watershed; to calibrate the models by observing how differing techniques discretize both the landscape and incoming precipitation; and to observe the effects of spatially distributed rainfall measurements and their affects on the three modelling approaches.

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