A Risk Assessment of Ponding Using Grated Drainage System in Urban Areas of Western Sydney in Australia

Dual urban drainage models allow users to simulate pluvial urban flooding by analysing the interaction between the sewer network (minor drainage system) and the overland flow (major drainage system). This work presents a free distribution dual drainage model linking the models Iber and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which are a 2D overland flow model and a 1D sewer network model, respectively. The linking methodology consists in a step by step calling process from Iber to a Dynamic-link Library (DLL) that contains the functions in which the SWMM code is split. The work involves the validation of the model in a simplified urban street, in a full-scale urban drainage physical model and in a real urban settlement. The three study cases have been carefully chosen to show and validate the main capabilities of the model. Therefore, the model is developed as a tool that considers the main hydrological and hydraulic processes during a rainfall event in an urban basin, allowing the user to plan, evaluate and design new or existing urban drainage systems in a realistic way.

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Health Risk Assessment Indicators for the Left-Behind Elderly in Rural China: A Delphi Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 340 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruzhen Luo ◽

Chunmei Zhang ◽

Yanhui Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Delphi Study ◽

Index System ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health Management ◽

Assessment Index ◽

Left Behind ◽

Assessment Index System

In China, many young and middle-aged rural residents move to urban areas each year. The rural elderly are left behind. The number of the rural left-behind elderly is increasing with urbanization, but it is unclear which indicators can be used to assess their health condition. The health risk assessment index system was developed to improve the health level of the rural left-behind elderly. A two-round web-based Delphi process was used to organize the recommendations from fifteen Chinese experts in geriatrics, health management, social psychology who participated in this study. Meaningfulness, importance, modifiability, and comprehensive value of the health risk assessment indicators in the index system were evaluated. The effective recovery rates of the two-round Delphi were 86.67% and 92.31%, respectively. The judgement coefficient and the authority coefficient were 0.87 and 0.82, respectively. The expert familiarity was 0.76. Ultimately, the health risk assessment index system for the rural left-behind elderly consisted of five first-level indicators, thirteen second-level indicators, and sixty-six third-level indicators. The final indicators can be used to evaluate the health of the rural left-behind elderly and provide the basis for additional health risk interventions.

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Comparison of Human Health and Safety Loss due to Corroded Gas Pipeline Failure in Rural and Urban Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.221 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 221-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah ◽

Libriati Zardasti ◽

Yahaya Nordin ◽

Norhazilan Md Noor ◽

Ahmad A. Safuan

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Human Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Consequence Assessment ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Pipeline Failure

Consequence assessment is an integral part of the risk assessment process. There are many types of consequences loss due to pipeline failure such as asset loss, environmental loss, production loss, and human health and safety loss (HHSL). This paper studies the comparison of HHSL between rural and urban areas due to pipeline failure subject to corrosion. The damage area of the explosion was calculated using Aloha software by considering the details of the selected sites such as atmospheric and topographical conditions. The HHSL was calculated using a mathematical equation of quantitative risk assessment in terms of the number of fatalities or injuries or both. The results of the assessments from rural and urban areas were then compared with one another to identify any significant dissimilarity. This study shows that there was a possibility to improve the decisive value of risk by implementing the proposed approach in consequence assessment in Malaysia.

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Developing physical resilience strategies in passive defense according to identification of endangered areas of urban environments (case study: Ahvaz city)

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment ◽

10.1108/ijdrbe-08-2020-0086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mozhdeh Pouryarmohammadi ◽

Hasan Ahmadi ◽

AliAkbar Salaripour

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

At Risk ◽

Urban Form ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Quality Function Deployment ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

City Centre ◽

Urban Resilience ◽

Content Type ◽

Oil Companies

Purpose This paper aims to focus on reducing the vulnerability of Ahvaz city against urban disasters and lowering the number of casualties and amount of financial losses using modern approaches to develop resilience strategies that can increase urban safety to an acceptable level. The strategic situation of Ahvaz city, because of its abundant resources, the war experience and its location on the boundary regions of Iran, highlights its significance. Ahvaz has a high population and an extended texture, and the existence of extraordinary constructions increases the importance of physical resilience in this city. Design/methodology/approach The present study investigates built environment aspects such as the urban structure, the urban form, land-use proximity pattern, urban road network and crucial and vulnerable centres in Ahvaz, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Hence, the areas at risk in Ahvaz were identified and illustrated in a comprehensive risk assessment map, and then, by using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats technique and finally by using the Delphi method, some strategies and plans were presented to reduce the level of vulnerability in Ahvaz. Then, these strategies are prioritized by applying quality function deployment (QFD) technique. Findings The risk assessment result shows that most parts of Ahvaz’s urban areas are highly at risk. The central and northern parts of Ahvaz have the highest vulnerability at a time of crisis. These zones include district 1 (city centre) and districts 2, 3 and 7 at the city’s margins. The result of QFD process showed that the essential urban resilience strategy is to positively consider the passive defence studies with a physical resilience approach. Also, the proper distribution of strategic points in the city, moving the industrial and oil companies from the peripheral area, and facilitating access to vital, crucial centres to support urban regions are considered the most effective strategic plans. Originality/value This paper, with an integrated approach, examines and prioritizes the main physical problems of Ahvaz city based on the spatial analysis and opinions of experts. The physical strategies presented in this paper can significantly reduce the risks and increase the urban resilience of Ahvaz city in the face of crisis.

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Comparative Risk Assessment of Transportation of Hazardous Materials in Urban Areas

Risk Assessment in Setting National Priorities ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-5682-0_34 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 321-332

Author(s):

Ashok B. Boghani ◽

Krishna S. Mudan

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Hazardous Materials ◽

Comparative Risk Assessment ◽

Comparative Risk

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Application of risk based approach to flood risk assessment in urban areas

Comprehensive Flood Risk Management ◽

10.1201/b13715-96 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

T Rashidul Kabir ◽

B Gersonius ◽

C Zevenbergen ◽

P van Gelder ◽

Mohammad Shah

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Flood Risk Assessment

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Environmental Risk Assessment of Vehicle Exhaust Particles on Aquatic Organisms of Different Trophic Levels

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9100261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Konstantin Pikula ◽

Mariya Tretyakova ◽

Alexander Zakharenko ◽

Seyed Ali Johari ◽

Sergey Ugay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Submicron Particles ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Exhaust Particles ◽

The Difference

Vehicle emission particles (VEPs) represent a significant part of air pollution in urban areas. However, the toxicity of this category of particles in different aquatic organisms is still unexplored. This work aimed to extend the understanding of the toxicity of the vehicle exhaust particles in two species of marine diatomic microalgae, the planktonic crustacean Artemia salina, and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. These aquatic species were applied for the first time in the risk assessment of VEPs. Our results demonstrated that the samples obtained from diesel-powered vehicles completely prevented egg fertilization of the sea urchin S. intermedius and caused pronounced membrane depolarization in the cells of both tested microalgae species at concentrations between 10 and 100 mg/L. The sample with the highest proportion of submicron particles and the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had the highest growth rate inhibition in both microalgae species and caused high toxicity to the crustacean. The toxicity level of the other samples varied among the species. We can conclude that metal content and the difference in the concentrations of PAHs by itself did not directly reflect the toxic level of VEPs, but the combination of both a high number of submicron particles and high PAH concentrations had the highest toxic effect on all the tested species.

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