Risk-Control Factors for Transportation Financing in Economic Recession - Case Study

ICTE 2013 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangjie You ◽  
Zhiming Tan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Control ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Transportation Financing

Od politycznej współpracy do gospodarczej konkurencji – przemysł obronny krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej po upadku ZSRR

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Szlachta ◽  
Andrzej Ciupiński
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Cold War

The paper presents the scope and scale of transformation of the defense industries of Central Eastern Europe (CEE) countries after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR. The starting point is the role and position of the armaments economy sector (armaments economy environment), embedded in the realities of the centrally planned economy, and its submission to the politics of the USSR. The turn of the centuries was a period of political and economic transformation conducted during the conditions of a deep economic recession. The defense industry was one of the economic sectors most affected by the crisis. The economic and defense policy of CEE countries was aimed at preserving the capabilities of the armaments sector. Restructuring activities initiated and forced by the change of the political and economic environment have already brought noticeable effects, even though the process has not yet been completed. Defense industry enterprises have become entities operating on the same terms and conditions as other companies on the competitive market. The method of comparative analysis and a case study supplemented with elements of descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the course of the processes. The study has been focused on the analysis of the course of the changes and examination of effects of the analyzed phenomena for the economy and defense of the CEE countries, taking into account primarily their scale and scope.

Case Study of the St. Paul Companies Virtual Office for the Risk Control Division

2011 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Nancy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Virtual Office ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Control Division

The St. Paul Companies has successfully implemented a virtual office (VO) working environment for their US distributed construction risk control and commercial risk control employees over the past six years. The program goals of operating more cost effectively, increasing contact of the risk control specialists with their customers, and reducing office space costs for The St. Paul Companies have been met. There are many good practices that have been developed over the six years of offering the program, and more refinements and changes planned. As the communications and computer technologies advance, facilitation of working from remote sites improves. While it is easier for employees to work from remote sites, maintaining the boundaries between work and personal lives is more challenging. Improving the VO employees’ and corporate employees’ understanding of the other’s working conditions is necessary to improve relationships and the acceptance of change. The concept of VO work is well established within the organization, and the demand for it is growing.

scholarly journals Alternative Strategies of Credit Risk Management: A Successful Case Study of the Guangdong Nanyue Bank in China From 2011 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bhabani Shankar Nayak ◽  
Jia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Set Up

Guangdong Nanyue Bank (GNB) shows the alternative strategies of credit risk management which led to its growth. It was formed out of local government finances and enterprise shares but spread its base to six cities and ranked as one of the top ten banks in the country. Since its establishment, the bank has been adhering to its market positioning: serving small and medium-sized enterprises, serving local citizens and serving trade financing. In order to better regulate the credit approval procedures and improve the credit level of decision-making, GNB has developed a set of applicable measures for the management of credit risk, set up corresponding departments and allocated professional staff for credit risk control before approval of loan, during the loan, and after the loan. The paper looks at the alternative strategies followed by GNB to manage credit risk and grow successfully within the banking industries in China.

scholarly journals Risk Control of Karst Collapse----A Case Study of Linyi City

2020 ◽  
Vol 1549 ◽  
pp. 042054
Author(s):  
Chunmei Yao ◽  
Can Yang ◽  
Quancheng Yang ◽  
Zhuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Control ◽  
Karst Collapse

Social workers implementing social assistance in Spain: reshaping poverty in a familialistic welfare state

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Sergio Sánchez Castiñeira
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emotional Approach

This case study analyses some of the processes that are restructuring public social assistance in the inequality regime that emerges from the recent economic recession in Spain. It shows how social workers turn what could be an inefficient public program into an active social policy through a cognitive, normative and emotional approach. A highly qualified and vocational workforce compensates meagre institutional support and lack of opportunities by instilling in the new poor new knowledge, abilities and attitudes to access basic informal resources from the local context. However, social workers’ agency could eventually contribute to confine clients within the material and symbolic limits of an expanding grey zone with scarce opportunities and diminished well-being, between inclusion and exclusion. This research is based on semi-structured interviews (17) and focus groups (8).

scholarly journals Private Label as a global trend of food networks for pricing policy optimization (case study of St. Petersburg)

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Elena Gregova ◽  
Victor Dengov ◽  
Irina Tulyakova ◽  
Azer Mustafaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
New Models ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Policy Optimization ◽  
Families With Children

The practice of creating Private Label by large food chains is a global trend. Such international and Russian retailers as Auchan, SPAR, Prisma, Okay, Lenta, etc. have these products of their own brand. However, this marketing policy is not used by all the players in this market. In the conditions of a protracted economic recession that began in Russia in 2014, even such a seemingly stable sector of the economy as grocery retail faced a decline in its trade. The main reason for the current situation is, of course, a significant, more than 15% in 5 years, fall in real disposable incomes of Russian households. At the same time, for certain groups of households (families with children, single pensioners, etc.), the poverty is still much higher. In such households, expenses for food take significantly more than half of their incomes. The heightened competition of retail chains for a shrinking budget of buyers pushes them to search for new models of pricing policy. This article explores the possibility of using the practice Private Label by food chains.

Universal Design Considering Physical Characteristics of Diverse Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-525
Author(s):  
Masato Inoue ◽  
Wataru Suzuki ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Noise Factors

To achieve a universal design that satisfies diverse user requirements associated with aging and internationalization, designers must make a decision based on diverse user requirements. Designers have generally incorporated average human physical characteristics in their designs. Thus, user limitations are critically important. Traditional design methods often regard engineering and product design as iterative processes based on point values. However, when user information is represented as a point value, the resulting product satisfies only that specific user group and does not necessarily satisfy diverse user groups. This study proposes a universal design method that obtains diversely ranged design solutions for user requirements. The proposed method defines diverse user requirements, design variables, and user characteristics as sets, which range in value. To represent user information accurately, users are classified into numerous groups using classification techniques. Design variables are divided into two types: control and noise. Control factors are designer-controllable variables that are based on design specifications. Noise factors are designer-uncontrollable variables representing user characteristics. To derive a ranged design solution set, designers clarify the relationship between performance and design variables. Ranged solutions satisfying required performance are derived for each group using all relational expressions and ranged variable values. The combinations of divided design variables that cannot satisfy the required performance are eliminated from the design proposal, and the narrowed range of design variables become ranged solutions. The ranged solutions are derived for each group, and the common range of design variables is the ranged solution for all users. This paper chooses the design problem of the strap height of a train as a case study of the proposed universal design method. In this case study, we consider diverse user requirements based on the variability of physical characteristics. This paper discusses the suitability of our proposed approach for obtaining ranged solutions that reflect the physical characteristics of diverse users.

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