In-Vivo Real-Time X-ray μ-Imaging

Real-time processing of X-ray image data acquired at synchrotron radiation facilities allows for smart high-speed experiments. This includes workflows covering parameterized and image-based feedback-driven control up to the final storage of raw and processed data. Nevertheless, there is presently no system that supports an efficient construction of such experiment workflows in a scalable way. Thus, here an architecture based on a high-level control system that manages low-level data acquisition, data processing and device changes is described. This system is suitable for routine as well as prototypical experiments, and provides specialized building blocks to conduct four-dimensionalin situ,in vivoandoperandotomography and laminography.

Download Full-text

Untrasmall Bi2S3 nanodots for in vivo X-ray CT imaging-guided photothermal therapy of cancer

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra04132b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (47) ◽

pp. 29672-29678 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zelun Li ◽

Kelong Ai ◽

Zhe Yang ◽

Tianqi Zhang ◽

Jianhua Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Real Time ◽

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

X Ray

Theranostic nanomedicine has shown tremendous promise for more effective and predictive cancer treatment by real-time mornitoring of the delivery of therapeutics to tumors and subsequent therapeutic response.

Download Full-text

Relationship between real-time ultrasound and carcass measures and composition in heavy sheep

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea07009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

pp. 1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. L. Hopkins ◽

D. F. Stanley ◽

E. N. Ponnampalam

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

No Value ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Ultrasonic Measurement ◽

X Ray ◽

Poor Predictor ◽

Ultrasonic Measurements ◽

The Relationship

Fat depth over the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LL) at the 12th rib (USFat C) and the depth of the LL (USEMD) were measured before slaughter using a real-time ultrasound machine in 147 mixed sex, 22-month-old sheep of five genotypes. Equivalent measures were obtained on the carcasses (Fat C and EMD) and each carcass side was scanned by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to provide an estimate of composition (percentage lean and fat). There was a significant (P < 0.001) correlation between USFat C and Fat C (fat depth over the LL at the 12th rib measured on the carcass) at r = 0.67. This was also the case for USEMD and EMD (muscle depth of the LL at the 12th rib measured on the carcass) with a significant (P < 0.001) correlation of r = 0.55. Liveweight per se was a poor predictor of Fat C and was of minimal value when used in combination with ultrasonic fat depth measurements. The prediction of Fat C was significantly underestimated by USFat C and this increased as the animals became fatter. The relationship between carcass and ultrasonic measurements of EMD was poor, but better when liveweight was used in combination with USEMD. The prediction of EMD was significantly overestimated by USEMD and this increased as the animals became heavier. Combining USFat C measurement with liveweight significantly (P < 0.001) improved the accuracy (R2) and precision (r.s.d.) with which either the percentage of fat or lean could be estimated. Measurement of USEMD was of no value for the estimation of the percentage of fat or lean. There was no significant (P > 0.05) sex effect on any of the relationships. Ultrasonic measurement of subcutaneous fat depth and muscle depth in heavy fat animals is subject to undefined error, but still provides a means to predict in vivo fat levels and muscle depth. However, the bias associated with the predictions suggest caution should be exercised when measuring heavy fat sheep and the need for further work to confirm the findings of the present study.

Download Full-text

PEGylated NaLuF4: Yb/Er upconversion nanophosphors for in vivo synergistic fluorescence/X-ray bioimaging and long-lasting, real-time tracking

Biomaterials ◽

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (36) ◽

pp. 9689-9697 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Zhigao Yi ◽

Wei Lu ◽

Yaru Xu ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Li Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

X Ray ◽

Real Time Tracking

Download Full-text

Advances on inorganic scintillator-based optic fiber dosimeters

EJNMMI Physics ◽

10.1186/s40658-020-00327-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liang Ding ◽

Qiong Wu ◽

Qun Wang ◽

Yamei Li ◽

Richard M. Perks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

Light Output ◽

In Vivo Dosimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Inorganic Scintillator ◽

Ion Chamber ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Depth Dose

Abstract This article presents a new perspective on the development of inorganic scintillator-based fiber dosimeters (IOSFDs) for medical radiotherapy dosimetry (RTD) focusing on real-time in vivo dosimetry. The scintillator-based optical fiber dosimeters (SFD) are compact, free of electromagnetic interference, radiation-resistant, and robust. They have shown great potential for real-time in vivo RTD. Compared with organic scintillators (OSs), inorganic scintillators (IOSs) have larger X-ray absorption and higher light output. Variable IOSs with maximum emission peaks in the red part of the spectrum offer convenient stem effect removal. This article outlines the main advantages and disadvantages of utilizing IOSs for SFD fabrication. IOSFDs with different configurations are presented, and their use for dosimetry in X-ray RT, brachytherapy (BT), proton therapy (PT), and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is reviewed. Challenges including the percentage depth dose (PDD) deviation from the standard ion chamber (IC) measurement, the angular dependence, and the Cherenkov effect are discussed in detail; methods to overcome these problems are also presented.

Download Full-text

Dual-Modality X-Ray-Induced Radiation Acoustic and Ultrasound Imaging for Real-Time Monitoring of Radiotherapy

BME Frontiers ◽

10.34133/2020/9853609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Ibrahim Oraiqat ◽

Hao Lei ◽

Paul L. Carson ◽

Issam EI Naqa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Imaging System ◽

Frame Rate ◽

Body Motion ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

X Ray ◽

Dual Modality ◽

The Us

Objective. The goal is to increase the precision of radiation delivery during radiotherapy by tracking the movements of the tumor and other surrounding normal tissues due to respiratory and other body motions. Introduction. This work presents the recent advancement of X-ray-induced radiation acoustic imaging (xRAI) technology and the evaluation of its feasibility for real-time monitoring of geometric and morphological misalignments of the X-ray field with respect to the target tissue by combining xRAI with established ultrasound (US) imaging, thereby improving radiotherapy tumor eradication and limiting treatment side effects. Methods. An integrated xRAI and B-mode US dual-modality system was established based on a clinic-ready research US platform. The performance of this dual-modality imaging system was evaluated via experiments on phantoms and ex vivo and in vivo rabbit liver models. Results. This system can alternatively switch between the xRAI and the US modes, with spatial resolutions of 1.1 mm and 0.37 mm, respectively. 300 times signal averaging was required for xRAI to reach a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio, and a frame rate of 1.1 Hz was achieved with a clinical linear accelerator. The US imaging frame rate was 22 Hz, which is sufficient for real-time monitoring of the displacement of the target due to internal body motion. Conclusion. Our developed xRAI, in combination with US imaging, allows for mapping of the dose deposition in biological samples in vivo, in real-time, during radiotherapy. Impact Statement. The US-based image-guided radiotherapy system presented in this work holds great potential for personalized cancer treatment and better outcomes.

Download Full-text

Upconversion Nanophosphors Naluf4:Yb,Tm for Lymphatic Imaging In Vivo by Real-Time Upconversion Luminescence Imaging under Ambient Light and High-Resolution X-ray CT

Theranostics ◽

10.7150/thno.5137 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 346-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Yun Sun ◽

Juanjuan Peng ◽

Wei Feng ◽

Fuyou Li

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Real Time ◽

Upconversion Luminescence ◽

Ambient Light ◽

X Ray ◽

Luminescence Imaging ◽

Lymphatic Imaging

Download Full-text

Real-Time High-Resolution MRI Endoscopy at up to 10 Frames per Second

BME Frontiers ◽

10.34133/2021/6185616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaoyang Liu ◽

Parag Karmarkar ◽

Dirk Voit ◽

Jens Frahm ◽

Clifford R. Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Real Time ◽

Large Animal ◽

Motion Sensitivity ◽

X Ray ◽

High Resolution Mri ◽

Endoscopy Ultrasound ◽

Tissue Sensitivity

Objective. Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Optical endoscopy, ultrasound, and X-ray offer minimally invasive imaging assessments but have limited sensitivity for characterizing disease and therapeutic response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) endoscopy is a newer idea employing tiny catheter-mounted detectors connected to the MRI scanner. It can see through vessel walls and provide soft-tissue sensitivity, but its slow imaging speed limits practical applications. Our goal is high-resolution MRI endoscopy with real-time imaging speeds comparable to existing modalities. Methods. Intravascular (3 mm) transmit-receive MRI endoscopes were fabricated for highly undersampled radial-projection MRI in a clinical 3-tesla MRI scanner. Iterative nonlinear reconstruction was accelerated using graphics processor units connected via a single ethernet cable to achieve true real-time endoscopy visualization at the scanner. MRI endoscopy was performed at 6-10 frames/sec and 200-300 μm resolution in human arterial specimens and porcine vessels ex vivo and in vivo and compared with fully sampled 0.3 frames/sec and three-dimensional reference scans using mutual information (MI) and structural similarity (3-SSIM) indices. Results. High-speed MRI endoscopy at 6-10 frames/sec was consistent with fully sampled MRI endoscopy and histology, with feasibility demonstrated in vivo in a large animal model. A 20-30-fold speed-up vs. 0.3 frames/sec reference scans came at a cost of ~7% in MI and ~45% in 3-SSIM, with reduced motion sensitivity. Conclusion. High-resolution MRI endoscopy can now be performed at frame rates comparable to those of X-ray and optical endoscopy and could provide an alternative to existing modalities, with MRI’s advantages of soft-tissue sensitivity and lack of ionizing radiation.

Download Full-text

Real-time X-ray imaging of mouse cerebral microvessels in vivo using a pixel temporal averaging method

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s1600577521012522 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fucheng Yu ◽

Feixiang Wang ◽

Ke Li ◽

Guohao Du ◽

Biao Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Real Time ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Random Noise ◽

Motion Artifacts ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Cerebral Microvessels ◽

X Ray ◽

Temporal Averaging

Rodents are used extensively as animal models for the preclinical investigation of microvascular-related diseases. However, motion artifacts in currently available imaging methods preclude real-time observation of microvessels in vivo. In this paper, a pixel temporal averaging (PTA) method that enables real-time imaging of microvessels in the mouse brain in vivo is described. Experiments using live mice demonstrated that PTA efficiently eliminated motion artifacts and random noise, resulting in significant improvements in contrast-to-noise ratio. The time needed for image reconstruction using PTA with a normal computer was 250 ms, highlighting the capability of the PTA method for real-time angiography. In addition, experiments with less than one-quarter of photon flux in conventional angiography verified that motion artifacts and random noise were suppressed and microvessels were successfully identified using PTA, whereas conventional temporal subtraction and averaging methods were ineffective. Experiments performed with an X-ray tube verified that the PTA method could also be successfully applied to microvessel imaging of the mouse brain using a laboratory X-ray source. In conclusion, the proposed PTA method may facilitate the real-time investigation of cerebral microvascular-related diseases using small animal models.

Download Full-text