A Bulb Model Implementing Fuzzy Coding of Odor Concentration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Sandström ◽  
Thomas Proschinger ◽  
Anders Lansner ◽  
Matteo Pardo ◽  
Giorgio Sberveglieri
Keyword(s):  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Fuzzy Coding

Olfactory Modulation of Steady- State Visual Evoked Potential Topography in Comparison with Differences in Odor Sensitivity

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Owen ◽  
John Patterson ◽  
Richard B. Silberstein
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
Response Groups ◽  
Visual Evoked

Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.

Effects of sampling method using moisture condensation tube (MCT) on the detected odor concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Youn-Goog Lee ◽  
◽  
Jeong-Won Jang ◽  
Hee-Yoon Jeong ◽  
Se-Il Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Moisture Condensation ◽  
Condensation Tube

DYNAMICAL RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS — TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL TIME SERIES PREDICTION

1995 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX AUSSEM ◽  
FIONN MURTAGH ◽  
MARC SARAZIN
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Time Series Prediction ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Fuzzy Coding

Dynamical Recurrent Neural Networks (DRNN) (Aussem 1995a) are a class of fully recurrent networks obtained by modeling synapses as autoregressive filters. By virtue of their internal dynamic, these networks approximate the underlying law governing the time series by a system of nonlinear difference equations of internal variables. They therefore provide history-sensitive forecasts without having to be explicitly fed with external memory. The model is trained by a local and recursive error propagation algorithm called temporal-recurrent-backpropagation. The efficiency of the procedure benefits from the exponential decay of the gradient terms backpropagated through the adjoint network. We assess the predictive ability of the DRNN model with meteorological and astronomical time series recorded around the candidate observation sites for the future VLT telescope. The hope is that reliable environmental forecasts provided with the model will allow the modern telescopes to be preset, a few hours in advance, in the most suited instrumental mode. In this perspective, the model is first appraised on precipitation measurements with traditional nonlinear AR and ARMA techniques using feedforward networks. Then we tackle a complex problem, namely the prediction of astronomical seeing, known to be a very erratic time series. A fuzzy coding approach is used to reduce the complexity of the underlying laws governing the seeing. Then, a fuzzy correspondence analysis is carried out to explore the internal relationships in the data. Based on a carefully selected set of meteorological variables at the same time-point, a nonlinear multiple regression, termed nowcasting (Murtagh et al. 1993, 1995), is carried out on the fuzzily coded seeing records. The DRNN is shown to outperform the fuzzy k-nearest neighbors method.

scholarly journals Precise and Fuzzy Coding by Olfactory Sensory Neurons

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (39) ◽  
pp. 9710-9722 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hoare ◽  
C. R. McCrohan ◽  
M. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Fuzzy Coding

scholarly journals Circuit mechanisms encoding odors and driving aging-associated behavioral declines in Caenorhabditis elegans

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah G Leinwand ◽  
Claire J Yang ◽  
Daphne Bazopoulou ◽  
Nikos Chronis ◽  
Jagan Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
Extract Information

Chemosensory neurons extract information about chemical cues from the environment. How is the activity in these sensory neurons transformed into behavior? Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we map a novel sensory neuron circuit motif that encodes odor concentration. Primary neurons, AWCON and AWA, directly detect the food odor benzaldehyde (BZ) and release insulin-like peptides and acetylcholine, respectively, which are required for odor-evoked responses in secondary neurons, ASEL and AWB. Consistently, both primary and secondary neurons are required for BZ attraction. Unexpectedly, this combinatorial code is altered in aged animals: odor-evoked activity in secondary, but not primary, olfactory neurons is reduced. Moreover, experimental manipulations increasing neurotransmission from primary neurons rescues aging-associated neuronal deficits. Finally, we correlate the odor responsiveness of aged animals with their lifespan. Together, these results show how odors are encoded by primary and secondary neurons and suggest reduced neurotransmission as a novel mechanism driving aging-associated sensory neural activity and behavioral declines.

Abundance estimation and capture of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) by longline gear

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F Sigler
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Odor Plume ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Anoplopoma Fimbria ◽  
Catch Rates

Longline surveys in Alaska measure sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) relative abundance and are the primary information source used for abundance and quota estimation. Hook timer, on-bottom (soak) time, hook density, hook pattern, bait type, and bait condition experiments and mathematical models were used to evaluate the performance of the longline surveys for estimating sablefish relative abundance. The rate that sablefish encountered the longline gear decreased with on-bottom time independently of sablefish density in the sampled area. Sablefish were adept at locating available baits, even when few remained. The decrease in encounter rate appears related to odor concentration at the leading edge of the odor plume. The ability to locate baits, even when few remain, differs from previous models of fish capture by longline in which the probability that a fish located a bait was proportional to the number of available baits. Decreased encounter rate and the ability to locate baits efficiently imply that longline catch rates likely provide an accurate index of fish abundance if the on-bottom time is long enough to cover the period when most fish encounter the gear and the initial bait density is high enough that baits remain available throughout the soak; the weak link between catch rate and abundance is the unknown extent that factors such as temperature and food availability affect the proportion of fish caught.

scholarly journals Correlation of chemical composition and odor concentration for emissions from pig slaughterhouse sludge composting and storage

2015 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Blazy ◽  
A. de Guardia ◽  
J.C. Benoist ◽  
M. Daumoin ◽  
F. Guiziou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sludge Composting
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