Corona charging and the piezoelectric effect in polyvinylidene fluoride

ABSTRACTThe piezoelectric effect was first observed in polyvinylidene fluoride polymer (PVDF) in 1969 and the pyroelectric effect was found several years later. A number of additional ferroelectric polymers have been discovered since that time including the copolymer PVDF with trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), and the odd-numbered nylons. A large number of applications of piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity have been developed. The magnitudes of the effects in polymers are much lower than those of ferroelectric ceramics (an exception is the piezoelectric effect in porous polymers). However, other factors make these very desirable materials for applications. The polymers have low permittivities, low acoustic impedances and low thermal conductivities. They are available in large area sheets and they are flexible and relatively low in cost. Major applications include microphones and loudspeakers, ultrasonic devices, SAW transducers, actuators, infrared detectors and many others. This review will describe some of the lesser-known applications of these materials in the fields of tactile devices, energy conversion, porous polymers, property measurement, pyroelectric infrared sensors, shock sensors and space science.

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Piezoelectric effect in polyvinylidene fluoride at high frequencies

Physics Letters A ◽

10.1016/0375-9601(73)90715-9 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 475-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

H. Sussner ◽

D. Michas ◽

A. Assfalg ◽

S. Hunklinger ◽

K. Dransfeld

Keyword(s):

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

High Frequencies

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Integration Methods of Sensors in FRP Components

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.586 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 825-826 ◽

pp. 586-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hans Christof ◽

Lena Müller ◽

Simon Küppers ◽

Paul Hofmann ◽

Elisabeth Giebel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Optical Fiber Sensor ◽

Bending Test ◽

Actual State ◽

Current Standard ◽

Integration Methods ◽

Pultrusion Process ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Important Research Topic

Structural health monitoring is an important research topic in the field of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). An effective way to detect defects or overloads in these FRP has still not been found. One way to monitor the actual state of FRP components is via integrated sensors. Integrating current standard sensors negatively affects the flux of force. Therefore investigations about integration methods of sensors in FRP components have been made. The integration of an optical fiber sensor into FRP profiles via a pultrusion process was investigated. It could be shown that the pultrusion process is suitable method for the integration of fiber optic sensors for strain measurements. Another investigated sensor principle was the integration of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers via a vacuum assisted process. The PVDF fibers were integrated into 3-point bending specimen and the piezoelectric effect was tested with and without polarization. The investigation showed that it is possible to measure the piezoelectric effect of PVDF fibers integrated into a 3-point bending test specimen. It could also be shown that carbon fibers can be used as textile electrodes for the measurement of the generated charge on the PVDF surface.

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Force induced piezoelectric effect of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene nanofibrous scaffolds

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/0391398818785049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (11) ◽

pp. 811-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fedaa Al Halabi ◽

Oleksandr Gryshkov ◽

Antonia I Kuhn ◽

Viktoria M Kapralova ◽

Birgit Glasmacher

Keyword(s):

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Impact Load ◽

Piezoelectric Response ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Impact Forces

Polyvinylidene fluoride and its co-polymer with trifluoroethylene are promising biomaterials for supporting nerve regeneration processes because of their proven biocompatibility and piezoelectric properties that could stimulate cell ingrowth due to electrical activity upon mechanical deformation. This study reports the piezoelectric effect of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride scaffolds in response to mechanical loading. An impact test machine was used to evaluate the generation of electrical voltage upon application of an impact load. Scaffolds were produced via electrospinning from polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene with concentrations of 10–20 wt% dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone (6:4). The structural and thermal properties of scaffolds were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry, respectively. The piezoelectric response of the scaffolds was induced using a custom-made manual impact press machine. Impact forces between 0.4 and 14 N were applied. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry results demonstrated the piezoelectric effect of the electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene scaffolds. All the scaffolds exhibited a piezoelectric polar beta-phase formation. Their thermal enthalpies were higher than the value of the initial materials and exhibited a better tendency of crystallization. The electrospun scaffolds exhibited piezoelectric responses in form of voltage by applying impact load. Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene scaffolds showed higher values in the range of 6–30 V as compared to pure polyvinylidene fluoride. Here, the mechanically induced electrical impulses measured were between 2.5 and 8 V. Increasing the impact forces did not increase the piezoelectric effect. The results demonstrate the possibility of producing electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene scaffolds as nerve guidance with piezoelectric response. Further experiments must be carried out to analyze the piezoelectricity at dynamic conditions.

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Evaluation of the electromechanical behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride used as a component of risers in the offshore oil industry

Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles ◽

10.2516/ogst/2018058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khrissy Aracélly Reis Medeiros ◽

Eduardo Queirós Rangel ◽

Alexandre Ribeiro Sant’Anna ◽

Daniel Ramos Louzada ◽

Carlos Roberto Hall Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Mechanical Stimulus ◽

Experimental Setup ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Electromechanical Behavior ◽

Piezoelectric Phase ◽

Offshore Oil Industry ◽

Offshore Oil

A sample of polyvinylidene fluoride removed from a riser component was tested in laboratory to evaluate its electromechanical behavior. For this, an experimental setup was developed, after Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results have shown through the absorption bands, that this sample had a spectrum of the piezoelectric phase β. In order to identify if such sample would be able to respond electrically to the application of external mechanical excitation applied by a shaker, measurements were made of the induced voltages by piezoelectric effect, with varying accelerations and frequencies. The results indicated that the material, although it has not been processed for this purpose, responds electrically to the applied mechanical stimulus, demonstrating a good correlation between the measured signals and the accelerations.

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Poling Effects in Melt-Spun PVDF Bicomponent Fibres

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 644 ◽

pp. 110-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Benjamin Glauß ◽

Maximilian Jux ◽

Stephan Walter ◽

Marcus Kubicka ◽

Gunnar Seide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Electric Field ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Trans Conformation ◽

Poling Process ◽

Β Phase ◽

Melt Spun ◽

Poling Voltage

This research shows the successful functionalisation of bicomponent fibres, consisting of a conductive polypropylene (PP) core, doped with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a piezoelectric sheath (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF) by draw winding and poling. These steps lead to the usability of the PVDF’s piezoelectric capabilities. The PP/CNT constitutes the fibre core that is conductive due to a percolation CNT network. The PVDF sheath’s piezoelectric effect is based on the formation of β phase crystals (all-trans conformation), caused by draw-winding of the fibres. This β phase eventually has to be poled for the uniform alignment of polymer chains. The material’s behaviour in high electric field is analysed recording the poling voltage during the poling process. The outcome is hysteresis curves for different β phase contents, which verify a successful material poling.

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Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Metasurface for High-Quality Active Switching and Spectrum Shaping in the Terahertz G-Band

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1860

Author(s):

Octavian Danila

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Silica Glass ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Spectral Window ◽

Complete Control ◽

Field Polarization ◽

Spectrum Shaping ◽

Resonant Behavior ◽

Electric Field Polarization

We report theoretical investigations performed in the terahertz G-band, in the 228–232 GHz spectral window for a piezoelectrically-responsive ring-cone element metasurface composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/Silicon and PVDF/Silica glass. The choosing of this spectral window is motivated by a multitude of applications in terahertz detection and terahertz imaging, that commonly make use of this band. The uniqueness of the envisioned architecture resides in the combination between the readily-available polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and silicon/silica glass substrates, together with the introduction of an extra degree of freedom, in the form of a ring-cone architecture , and the active control of the geometric sizes through the longitudinal piezoelectric effect exhibited by the polymer. The spectral response of the metasurface is dependent on the combination between the polymer elements and the substrate, and ranges from near-zero absorption switching to a resonant behavior and significant absorption. The interaction between the electromagnetic field and the polymer-based metasurface also modifies the phase of the reflected and transmitted waves over a full 2π range, permitting complete control of the electric field polarization. Moreover, we take advantage of the longitudinal piezoelectric effect of PVDF and analyze the spectrum shaping capability of the polymer-based metasurface. Our analysis highlights the capability of the proposed architecture to achieve complete electric field polarization control, near-zero optical switching and resonant behavior, depending on the geometries and sizes of the architecture elements resulting from construction considerations and from the externally applied voltages through the piezoelectric effect.

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A New Piezoelectric Actuator Induces Bone FormationIn Vivo: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/613403 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Joana Reis ◽

Clara Frias ◽

Carlos Canto e Castro ◽

Maria Luísa Botelho ◽

António Torres Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Actuator ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Biological Response ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Area ◽

Converse Piezoelectric Effect

Thisin vivostudy presents the preliminary results of the use of a novel piezoelectric actuator for orthopedic application. The innovative use of the converse piezoelectric effect to mechanically stimulate bone was achieved with polyvinylidene fluoride actuators implanted in osteotomy cuts in sheep femur and tibia. The biological response around the osteotomies was assessed through histology and histomorphometry in nondecalcified sections and histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in decalcified sections, namely, through Masson's trichrome, and labeling of osteopontin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. After one-month implantation, total bone area and new bone area were significantly higher around actuators when compared to static controls. Bone deposition rate was also significantly higher in the mechanically stimulated areas. In these areas, osteopontin increased expression was observed. The presentin vivostudy suggests that piezoelectric materials and the converse piezoelectric effect may be used to effectively stimulate bone growth.

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