scholarly journals Installation of a Cosmic-Ray Trigger System to Commission the Belle II Experiment VerteX Detector with Cosmic Rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100003
Author(s):  
Ahmed Halawani ◽  
Rachid Ayad ◽  
Mohammed Albalawi ◽  
Mansour Alatawi ◽  
Abdulaziz Alatawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Trigger System ◽  
Vertex Detector ◽  
Belle Ii

scholarly journals Simulating a Measurement of the 2nd Knee in the Cosmic Ray Spectrum with an Atmospheric Fluorescence Telescope Tower Array

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jiali Liu ◽  
Qunyu Yang ◽  
Yunxiang Bai ◽  
Zhen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Trigger System ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Light Generation

A fluorescence telescope tower array has been designed to measure cosmic rays in the energy range of 1017–1018 eV. A full Monte Carlo simulation, including air shower production, light generation and propagation, detector response, electronics, and trigger system, has been developed for that purpose. Using such a simulation tool, the detector configuration, which includes one main tower array and two side-trigger arrays, 24 telescopes in total, has been optimized. The aperture and the event rate have been estimated. Furthermore, the performance of theXmax⁡technique in measuring composition has also been studied.

scholarly journals Alignment for the first precision measurements at Belle II

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Tadeas Bilka ◽  
Jesus Abudinen ◽  
Karlheinz Georg Ackermann ◽  
Karol Mateusz Adamczyk ◽  
Patrick Ahlburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Drift Chamber ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Vertex Detector ◽  
Detector Calibration ◽  
Target Performance ◽  
Belle Ii

On March 25th 2019, the Belle II detector recorded the first collisions delivered by the SuperKEKB accelerator. This marked the beginning of the physics run with vertex detector. The vertex detector was aligned initially with cosmic ray tracks without magnetic field simultaneously with the drift chamber. The alignment method is based on Millepede II and the General Broken Lines track model and includes also the muon system or primary vertex position alignment. To control weak modes, we employ sensitive validation tools and various track samples can be used as alignment input, from straight cosmic tracks to mass-constrained decays. With increasing luminosity and experience, the alignment is approaching the target performance, crucial for the first physics analyses in the era of Super-BFactories. We will present the software framework for the detector calibration and alignment, the results from the first physics run and the prospects in view of the experience with the first data.

scholarly journals The Origin and Dynamical Effects of the Magnetic Fields and Cosmic Rays in the Disk of the Galaxy

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The topic of this presentation is the origin and dynamical behavior of the magnetic field and cosmic-ray gas in the disk of the Galaxy. In the space available I can do no more than mention the ideas that have been developed, with but little explanation and discussion. To make up for this inadequacy I have tried to give a complete list of references in the written text, so that the interested reader can pursue the points in depth (in particular see the review articles Parker, 1968a, 1969a, 1970). My purpose here is twofold, to outline for you the calculations and ideas that have developed thus far, and to indicate the uncertainties that remain. The basic ideas are sound, I think, but, when we come to the details, there are so many theoretical alternatives that need yet to be explored and so much that is not yet made clear by observations.

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Q. An ◽  
R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

Supernova Remnants: An Introductory Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Jacco Vink
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration ◽  
Introductory Review

The two main aspects of supernova remnant research addressed in this review are: I. What is our understanding of the progenitors of the observed remnants, and what have we learned from these remnants about supernova nucleosynthesis? II. Supernova remnants are probably the major source of cosmic rays. What are the recent advances in the observational aspects of cosmic ray acceleration in supernova remnants?

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

scholarly journals Coincidence counter measurements of cosmic rays in an aeroplane

1936 ◽  
Vol 156 (889) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Coincidence Counting ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Coincidence Counter ◽  
Balloon Experiments

Cosmic ray measurements on mountains are limited in general to altitudes below about 4000 meters. Above this height Regener has made successful use of small balloons carrying self-recording apparatus, and occasional flights have been made with manned balloons by Piccard, Cosyns, and by American workers. Balloon experiments are, however, hardly practicable in this country, so we decided to investigate cosmic rays, and in particular the production of showers, using an aeroplane. Facilities for flying to a height of about 10 km. Were generously provided by the Air Ministry. Apparatus Two independent sets of three tube counters were used in conjunction with the usual coincidence counting circuits. The counters could be arranged in a vertical line to record vertical penetrating particles, or in a triangle to record showers. The triple coincidences were recorded by telephone counters which were photographed at intervals together with a clock and aneroid barometer. The detailed design of the apparatus required some consideration since the aeroplane available (the Vickers Vespa machine used for high altitude experiments at the Royal Aircraft Establishment) had an open observer’s cockpit in which the counting set had to be installed.

The results of simultaneous measurements of the cosmic-ray intensity over the Antarctic and Arctic

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S823-S824
Author(s):  
S. N. Vernov ◽  
A. N. Charakhchyan ◽  
T. N. Charakhchyan ◽  
Yu. J. Stozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Antarctic

The results of the analysis of data obtained from measurements carried out by means of regular stratospheric launchings of cosmic-ray radiosondes over the Murmansk region and the Antarctic observatory in Mirny in 1963–66 are presented. The problem of the anisotropy of the primary component of low-energy cosmic rays and of temperature effects on the cosmic-ray intensity in the atmosphere are discussed.

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