Russia on the Way to a Housing Market: A Case Study of St Petersburg

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Value ◽  
Different Levels

The Russian government has launched a privatization program with the aim of creating a housing market in place of administrative allocation. Very few, including reformers at the top level of government, realize the economic, social, and political value of housing reforms. At this stage, their goals are very narrow: to free the state of its construction and maintenance burden, and to collect revenues from real-estate owners to support the activities of local governments. These reforms yield little, if anything, given cumbersome and contradictory private-ownership laws, power squabbles between interest groups at different levels of the local and federal governments, and resistance at the grass roots. For the above reasons any market-oriented policies although effective in the countries of the ex-socialist block, may be impossible in Russia. Thus, in St Petersburg, the second largest Russian city, a short-lived privatization program collapsed in early 1993. In this urban community, as in a microcosm, the interaction of political, economic, and social factors is reflected, which sheds light upon urban affairs in a broader context of a postsocialist Russia. A number of questions are asked in this paper. What is behind the all-Russian privatization program? What forces are pushing for reforms and who opposes them? Will privatization relieve the housing crisis, and is it a workable alternative to the centrally administered housing-allocation system?

scholarly journals Influence of Basic Actors in Globalization in Developing and Post-Soviet Countries on the Example of Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Mariam Galdava Mariam Galdava
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Day By Day

In the 21st century, globalization is becoming more and more extensive as a phenomenon. The article discusses the popularization of globalization and its transformation as a world dilemma caused by new world rules. The aim of our research is to determine what kind of impact globalization has had, because judging by the example of our country, the country has undergone a transformation as well as political, economic, cultural, and social factors. One of the main integration processes is the goal of bringing individual groups into a single social and cultural framework of self-identification, which has become irreversible and poses a major problem for the identity of countries, as well as economic, social, political stability and security of the population. In this article, we use the following research methods: Qualitative research methods, which include a qualitative study of written documents, focus groups, monographic research, etc. A specific case study, on the example of Georgia, the same Case study method that helped us to better study and analyze the facts. The processes of globalization have somewhat reduced the sovereignty of states. Modern states are powerless to control or deal with globalization, to reduce or limit its scope. However, this did not lead to the destruction of the states. By the way, some states have become more powerful. This is especially noticeable in the example of post-Soviet countries, one of the highlights of which is Georgia. Globalization, like all events, has its pros and cons, but the most worthy positive side of globalization is that it has created and established independent and sovereign states that are becoming stronger day by day in the scientific, social, cultural, political, and economic spheres. Keywords: Independence, Georgia, Globalization, Post-Soviet Country, State.

scholarly journals Hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method: measuring the spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Yang Cheng ◽  
Jixiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities has drawn much attention in health geography. In China, central and local governments have aimed to develop a well-organized hierarchical system of healthcare facilities in recent years. However, few studies have focused on the measurement of healthcare accessibility in a hierarchical service delivery system, which is crucial for the assessment and implementation of such strategies. Methods Based on recent improvements in 2SFCA (two-step floating catchment area) method, this study aims to propose a Hierarchical 2SFCA (H2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to hierarchical facilities. The method considers the varied catchment area sizes, distance decay effects, and transport modes for facilities at various levels. Moreover, both the relative and absolute distance effects are incorporated into the accessibility measurement. Results The method is applied and tested in a case study of hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China. The results reveal that the general spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen is unevenly distributed and concentrated. The disparity of general accessibility is largely caused by the concentrated distribution of tertiary hospitals. For facilities at higher levels, average accessibility of demanders is higher, but there are also larger disparities in spatial accessibility. The comparison between H2SFCA and traditional methods reveals that traditional methods underestimate the spatial disparity of accessibility, which may lead to biased suggestions for policy making. Conclusions The results suggest that the supply of healthcare resources at primary facilities is far from sufficient. To improve the spatial equity in spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities, various actions are needed at different levels. The proposed H2SFCA method contributes to the modelling of spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in China and similar environments where the referral system has not been well designed. It can also act as the foundation for developing more comprehensive measures in future studies.

scholarly journals National power measurement (case study: Oceania, Europa and North America)

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 14020
Author(s):  
Samira Motaghi ◽  
Afshin Mottaghi ◽  
Dmitry Pletnev ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva ◽  
Iuner Kapkaev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
National Power ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Different Levels

There is co-relation between national endowment and acceding to the health industry. The national power of each country reflects the level of influence at different levels of political, economic, and so on in order to advance a country’s major goals. National power is not a mere abstraction, but the national power of a country is the result of a set of variables that all lead to the formation of a nation’s national power. This article focuses on the national strength of the Western European Union (EU) countries of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand. As the national power of states determines the extent of their interactions and levels, it is necessary to investigate and measure this issue. In this paper, using the descriptive-analytical and mathematical methods of SAV and TOPSIS and finally averaging these two methods to measure the factors affecting the national power of countries based on the nine components of national power (political, economic, social, cultural, Educational, transboundary, space, territorial and military science).The results show that the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Australia, Luxembourg, Sweden, and Denmark ranksfirst.

scholarly journals Is Village-Level Microfinance Beneficial at the Community, Enterprise and Household Levels? A Case Study from Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1508-1524
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rifai ◽  
Koi-Nyen Wong ◽  
Soo-Khoon Goh
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Village Level ◽  
The Village ◽  
Different Levels

The local governments of the Riau Province of Indonesia had been given the mandate to use UED-SP as a microfinance programme to serve the financial needs of the rural poor, to promote rural economic activities and to create employment opportunities. Despite the village-level microfinance programme was able to accomplish rural outreach with financial sustainability (Rifai et al., 2019), there is limited evidence to validate its real impact on the rural MFI participants at three different levels of village development. The findings reveal that microloans appear to have positive impacts on the microfinance participants at the community level, at the level of micro-enterprise and at the household level. The rural MFIs should be targeting this village segment of the rural poor, while the local governments should provide the support to warrant deeper outreach.

Exploring Subbordia – the impact of suburbanisation in cross-border metropolitan regions. The case study of Szczecin and its German hinterland

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Barthel ◽  
Ewelina Barthel
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Connected Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Narratives

Abstract This paper focuses on the largely unexamined phenomenon of the developing trans-national suburban area west of Szczecin. Sadly the local communities in this functionally connected area struggle with national planning policies that are unsuitable for the region. The paper examines the impact of those processes on the border region in general and on the localities in particular. The paper investigates the consequences for local narratives and the cohesive development of the Euroregion and what position Polish and German communities took to develop the region, even without the necessary planning support. The region has succeeded in establishing grass-roots planning mechanisms which have helped to create a metropolitan-region working from the bottom up.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN INTERACTION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Somych ◽  
◽  
Yuiiia Vakulenko ◽  
Liudmyla Horbatiuk ◽  
Yurii Kovryzko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
System Of Parameters ◽  
Political Economic

The article summarizes the theoretical principles of defining the concept of «mechanism», «conflict management mechanism». The main types of conflicts according to the Law of Ukraine «On Civil Service» are clarified: official disputes and conflicts of interest – a situation in which the personal interest of a civil servant affects or may affect the objective performance of his duties and in which there is or may occur contradictions between the personal interest of the employee and the legitimate interests of citizens, organizations, society. The main types of conflict management mechanisms are identified: organizational, legal and socio-psychological, taking into account objective and subjective factors, which covers a system of parameters, sequential actions, a set of methods and measures of socio- psychological nature. The causes of conflict situations in the interaction of public authorities and the public are substantiated: objective (social, political, economic, ideological factors) and subjective (derived from objective). Conflict fields of contradictions that arise in the process of interaction are depicted: legislative principles, political sphere, personnel policy, undemocratic worldview of managers, economic competence. The analysis of the main conflict fields of contradictions of local governments of Poltava region is carried out. New, alternative methods of conflict resolution have been formed: competition, adaptation, compromise, avoidance, cooperation, their general characteristics have been determined. Officials were invited to use the open conversation technique in order to reach a compromise.

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