scholarly journals Hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method: measuring the spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Yang Cheng ◽  
Jixiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities has drawn much attention in health geography. In China, central and local governments have aimed to develop a well-organized hierarchical system of healthcare facilities in recent years. However, few studies have focused on the measurement of healthcare accessibility in a hierarchical service delivery system, which is crucial for the assessment and implementation of such strategies. Methods Based on recent improvements in 2SFCA (two-step floating catchment area) method, this study aims to propose a Hierarchical 2SFCA (H2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to hierarchical facilities. The method considers the varied catchment area sizes, distance decay effects, and transport modes for facilities at various levels. Moreover, both the relative and absolute distance effects are incorporated into the accessibility measurement. Results The method is applied and tested in a case study of hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China. The results reveal that the general spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen is unevenly distributed and concentrated. The disparity of general accessibility is largely caused by the concentrated distribution of tertiary hospitals. For facilities at higher levels, average accessibility of demanders is higher, but there are also larger disparities in spatial accessibility. The comparison between H2SFCA and traditional methods reveals that traditional methods underestimate the spatial disparity of accessibility, which may lead to biased suggestions for policy making. Conclusions The results suggest that the supply of healthcare resources at primary facilities is far from sufficient. To improve the spatial equity in spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities, various actions are needed at different levels. The proposed H2SFCA method contributes to the modelling of spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in China and similar environments where the referral system has not been well designed. It can also act as the foundation for developing more comprehensive measures in future studies.

MEASURING SPATIAL HEALTHCARE FACILITIES ACCESSIBILITY USING TWO-STEP FLOATING CATCHMENT ANALYSIS (2SFCA) (Case Study: Cianjur Regency, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhamad Iqbal Januadi Putra ◽  
Nabila Dety Novia Utami
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Spatial Disparities ◽  
Time Threshold

The presence of healthcare facilities is quite essential to provide good healthcare services in a particular area, however, the existence of healthcare facilities is not evenly distributed in Cianjur Regency. This condition leads to the disparities of healthcare facilities across the Cianjur Regency. In this paper, we aim to measure and map the spatial disparities of healthcare facilities using a Two-Step Floating Catchment Analysis (2SFCA). This method can calculate the magnitude of spatial accessibility for healthcare facilities by formulating the travel time threshold and the quality of healthcare facilities across the study area. This research shows the result that the spatial accessibility of healthcare facilities in the Cianjur Regency is not evenly distributed across the districts. The spatial accessibility value resulted from 2SFCA is ranging from 0- 3.97. A low value indicates low spatial accessibility, while a higher value shows good accessibility. The majority of districts in the Cianjur Regency have the spatial accessibility value 0-0.5 (86%). Meanwhile, only a few have the higher value; value 0.5-0.99 as much as 6.6%, 0.99-1.49 as 3.3%, and 3.48-3.97 has a percentage of 3.3%. Also, this analysis results in the cluster of good spatial accessibility in healthcare facilities, namely the Pagelaran District and Cipanas District. Interestingly, the downtown of Cianjur Regency has lower spatial accessibility compared to both areas.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Hierarchical Healthcare System on the Accessibility and Spatial Equality of Healthcare Services in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Wenchao Han
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Delivery Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Accessibility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

The hierarchical healthcare system is widely considered to be a desirable mode of the delivery of healthcare services. It is expected that the establishment of a hierarchical healthcare system can help provide better and more equal healthcare accessibility. However, limited evidence has been provided on the impacts of a hierarchical healthcare system on healthcare accessibility. This study develops an improved Hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, which incorporates variable catchment area sizes, distance friction effects and utilization efficiency for facilities at different levels. Leveraging the Hierarchical 2SFCA method, various scenarios are set up to assess the accessibility impacts of a hierarchical healthcare system. The methods are applied in a case study of Shenzhen. The results reveal significant disparity and inequality in healthcare accessibility and also differences between various facility levels in Shenzhen. The overall healthcare accessibility and its equality can be significantly improved by fully utilizing existing facilities. It is also demonstrated that allocating additional supply to lower-level facilities can generate larger accessibility gains. Furthermore, allocating new supply to primary facilities would mitigate the inequality in healthcare accessibility, whereas inequality tends to be aggravated with new supply allocated to tertiary facilities. These impacts cannot be captured by traditional accessibility measures. This study demonstrates the pivotal role of primary facilities in the hierarchical healthcare system. It can contribute to the literature by providing transferable methods and procedures for measuring hierarchical healthcare accessibility and assessing accessibility impacts of a hierarchical healthcare system in developing countries.

scholarly journals Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianlu Qian ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Jiechen Wang ◽  
Dingtao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Important Indicator

Spatial accessibility to general hospitals is an important indicator of the convenience and ability of residents to obtain medical services. Therefore, developing a model for measuring accessibility to general hospitals by multiple transportation modes is necessary. In this study, considering that the increase in travel time will reduce the attractiveness of general hospitals, we used the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area with the Gaussian attenuation function, in which the supply was presented by capacity of hospitals (i.e., number of beds), and the demand was presented by population in each grid derived with social media data mapping real-time locations of active users. The Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) simulates the attenuation tendency of the general hospital service capabilities over transit time. To obtain a highly precise understanding of accessibility to hospitals, transit time on Baidu Maps’ navigation service was used as the impedance condition, and the study area was divided into 1 square kilometer grids as the basic unit of research. Taking Nanjing city as a case study, it is found that the accessibility distribution shape changes from a multi-centered circular pattern to a multi-peak distribution, as the time threshold increases. By comparing the accessibility among 11 districts varying from main urban area to suburbs, the accessibility to general hospitals in Nanjing is significantly regionally unbalanced in both travel modes. By calculating and mapping the Modal Accessibility Gap (MAG) of the two travel modes, different modes of transportation resulted in different general hospital accessibility distributions. Generally, private car is superior in access to general hospitals to public transit in most areas. In the central area, public traffic may not contribute to the access to medical services as much as we thought, rather it plays a role in areas far from hospitals along metro lines and bus routes.

A Modified Gravity p-Median Model for Optimizing Facility Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Qingjing Zheng ◽  
Hui Kong
Keyword(s):  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Decay Parameter ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Facility Locations ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe gravityp-median model is an important improvement to the widely-usedp-median model. However, there is still a debate on its validity in empirical applications. Previous studies even doubt the significance of the gravityp-median model. Using a case study of tertiary hospitals in Shenzhen, China, this study re-examines the difference between the gravityp-median model with thep-median model, by decomposing the difference between the two models into gravity rule and variant attraction. This study also proposes a modified gravityp-median model by incorporating a distance threshold. The empirical results support the validity of the gravityp-median model, and also reveal that only when the attractions of candidate facility locations are variable will the gravityp-median model lead to different results with thep-median model. The difference between the modified gravityp-median model and the gravityp-median model is also examined. Moreover, the impacts of the distance-decay parameter and distance threshold on solutions are investigated. Results indicate that a larger distance-decay parameter tends to result in a more dispersed distribution of optimal facilities and a smaller average travel time, and a smaller distance threshold can better promote the spatial equity of facilities. The proposed method can also be applied in studies of other types of facilities or in other areas.

scholarly journals Post-Earthquake People Loss Evaluation Based on Seismic Multi-Level Hybrid Grid: A Case Study on Yushu Ms 7.1 Earthquake in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Yang ◽  
Zhong Xie ◽  
Feng Ling ◽  
Xiangang Luo ◽  
Ming Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hybrid Grid ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractPeople loss is one of the most important information that the government concerns after an earthquake, because it affects appropriate rescue levels. However, existing evaluation methods often consider an entire stricken region as a whole assessment area but disregard the spatial disparity of influencing factors. As a consequence, results are inaccurately evaluated. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a post-earthquake evaluation approach of people loss based on the seismic multi-level hybrid grid (SMHG). In SMHG, the whole area is divided into grids at different levels with various sizes. In this manner, the efficiency of data management is improved. With SMHG, disaster statistics can be easily counted under both the administrative unit and per unit area. The proposed approach was then applied to investigate Yushu M

scholarly journals Methodology and Application of Spatial Vulnerability Assessment for Evacuation Shelters in Disaster Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiranya Sritart ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyazaki ◽  
Sakiko Kanbara ◽  
Takashi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Disaster Planning ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Practical Information

Evacuation shelters are the most important means for safeguarding people in hazardous areas and situations, and thus minimizing losses, particularly those due to a disaster. Therefore, evacuation shelter assignment and evacuation planning are some of the critical factors for reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience in disaster risk reduction. However, an imbalance of shelter distribution and spatial heterogeneity of a population are the critical issues limiting the accessibility of evacuation shelters in real situations. In this study, we propose a methodology for spatial assessment to reduce vulnerability and evaluate the spatial distribution of both shelter demand and resources, considering spatial accessibility. The method was applied to the case study of Mabi, in the context of a disaster caused by the 2018 flooding. We applied this approach to evaluate the area and identified the vulnerability of the evacuation shelters and the residents. The proposed method revealed that 54.55% of the designated evacuation shelters and 59% of the total population were physically vulnerable to the flood. The results highlight, using GIS maps, that the total shelter capacity was significantly decreased to 43.86%. The outcome assessment addressed specific vulnerable shelters and the imbalance between the demand for and resources of each shelter. Accordingly, this study provides practical information and a valuable reference for supporting local governments and stakeholders to improve future disaster planning, prevention, and preparedness.

Russia on the Way to a Housing Market: A Case Study of St Petersburg

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Value ◽  
Different Levels

The Russian government has launched a privatization program with the aim of creating a housing market in place of administrative allocation. Very few, including reformers at the top level of government, realize the economic, social, and political value of housing reforms. At this stage, their goals are very narrow: to free the state of its construction and maintenance burden, and to collect revenues from real-estate owners to support the activities of local governments. These reforms yield little, if anything, given cumbersome and contradictory private-ownership laws, power squabbles between interest groups at different levels of the local and federal governments, and resistance at the grass roots. For the above reasons any market-oriented policies although effective in the countries of the ex-socialist block, may be impossible in Russia. Thus, in St Petersburg, the second largest Russian city, a short-lived privatization program collapsed in early 1993. In this urban community, as in a microcosm, the interaction of political, economic, and social factors is reflected, which sheds light upon urban affairs in a broader context of a postsocialist Russia. A number of questions are asked in this paper. What is behind the all-Russian privatization program? What forces are pushing for reforms and who opposes them? Will privatization relieve the housing crisis, and is it a workable alternative to the centrally administered housing-allocation system?

scholarly journals Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Medical Facilities: A Case Study in Changning District of Shanghai in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9598
Author(s):  
Min Cheng ◽  
Li Tao ◽  
Yuejiao Lian ◽  
Weiwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Travel Impedance ◽  
Scientific Decision ◽  
The Impact

Medical facilities help to ensure a higher quality of life and improve social welfare. The spatial accessibility determines the allocation fairness and efficiency of medical facilities. It also provides information about medical services that residents can share. Although critical, scholars often overlooked the level of medical facilities, the composition of integrated transportation networks, and the size of service catchment in the literature on accessibility. This study aims to fill this research gap by considering the integrated transportation network, population scale, travel impedance between medical facilities and residential areas, and the impact of medical facilities’ levels on residents’ medical choices. An improved potential model was constructed to analyze the spatial accessibility of medical facilities in Changning District of Shanghai, China. Interpolation analysis was conducted to reveal the spatial accessibility pattern. Cluster and outlier analysis and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis were applied for the cluster analysis. Results show that the spatial accessibility of medical facilities is quite different in different residential areas of Changning District, Shanghai. Among them, the spatial accessibility of medical facilities is relatively high in Hongqiao subdistrict, Xinjing Town, and part of Xinhua Road subdistrict. In addition, residents have overall better access to secondary hospitals than to primary and tertiary hospitals in the study area. This study provides a spatial decision support system for urban planners and policymakers regarding improving the accessibility of healthcare facilities. It extends the literature on spatial planning of public facilities and could facilitate scientific decision making.

scholarly journals Spatial Equity of Multilevel Healthcare in the Metropolis of Chengdu, China: A New Assessment Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyao Zhang ◽  
Xueqian Song ◽  
Yongping Wei ◽  
Wei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Healthcare Accessibility ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

The spatial equity of the healthcare system is an important factor in assessing how the different medical service demands of residents are met by different levels of medical institutions. However, previous studies have not paid sufficient attention to multilevel healthcare accessibility based on both the divergence of hierarchical healthcare supplies and variations in residents’ behavioral preferences for different types of healthcare. This study aims to propose a demand-driven “2R grid-to-level” (2R-GTL) method of analyzing the spatial equity in access to a multilevel healthcare system in Chengdu. Gridded populations, real-time travel distances and residents’ spatial behavioral preferences were used to generate a dynamic and accurate healthcare accessibility assessment. The results indicate that significant differences exist in the spatial accessibility to different levels of healthcare. Approximately 90% of the total population living in 57% of the total area in the city can access all three levels of healthcare within an acceptable travel distance, whereas multilevel healthcare shortage zones cover 42% of the total area and 12% of the population. A lack of primary healthcare is the most serious problem in these healthcare shortage zones. These results support the systematic monitoring of multilevel healthcare accessibility by decision-makers. The method proposed in this research could be improved by introducing nonspatial factors, private healthcare providers and other cultural contexts and time periods.

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