Examining the Thesis of Central Business District Decline: Evidence from the Montreal Metropolitan Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1795-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Coffey ◽  
M Polèse ◽  
R Drolet
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
High Order ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Office Employment ◽  
American Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Business District

Much recent North American research has focused on the decline of the central business district (CBD) as the economic core of metropolitan areas, and the corresponding rise of suburban employment centres. According to the literature, this trend is particularly evident in the case of high-order service functions: business services, finance, insurance, and real estate services, and head offices. In this paper, we argue that the decentralization of high-order service activities and the corresponding CBD decline may be neither as strong a trend nor as universal a phenomenon as certain authors have indicated. Rather, the growth of suburban office employment may reflect a strong CBD whose economic base is becoming increasingly specialized. Using data from the Montreal metropolitan area, we first examine intrametropolitan decentralization in a shift-share framework, then document the mobility of establishments and employment. Our findings suggest that, in spite of a certain level of intrametropolitan decentralization, the CBD continues to be the primary locus of high-order services.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Effects in Oklahoma City using a Dense Surface Observing Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming Hu ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
Petra M. Klein ◽  
Bradley G. Illston ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Business District

AbstractMany studies have investigated urban heat island (UHI) intensity for cities around the world, which is normally quantified as the temperature difference between urban location(s) and rural location(s). A few open questions still remain regarding the UHI, such as the spatial distribution of UHI intensity, temporal (including diurnal and seasonal) variation of UHI intensity, and the UHI formation mechanism. A dense network of atmospheric monitoring sites, known as the Oklahoma City (OKC) Micronet (OKCNET), was deployed in 2008 across the OKC metropolitan area. This study analyzes data from OKCNET in 2009 and 2010 to investigate OKC UHI at a subcity spatial scale for the first time. The UHI intensity exhibited large spatial variations over OKC. During both daytime and nighttime, the strongest UHI intensity is mostly confined around the central business district where land surface roughness is the highest in the OKC metropolitan area. These results do not support the roughness warming theory to explain the air temperature UHI in OKC. The UHI intensity of OKC increased prominently around the early evening transition (EET) and stayed at a fairly constant level throughout the night. The physical processes during the EET play a critical role in determining the nocturnal UHI intensity. The near-surface rural temperature inversion strength was a good indicator for nocturnal UHI intensity. As a consequence of the relatively weak near-surface rural inversion, the strongest nocturnal UHI in OKC was less likely to occur in summer. Other meteorological factors (e.g., wind speed and cloud) can affect the stability/depth of the nighttime boundary layer and can thus modulate nocturnal UHI intensity.

scholarly journals Determinants of Apartment Prices within Housing Estates of Nairobi Metropolitan Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
James N. Ndegwa
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Business District ◽  
Housing Estates

The objective of this study is to establish the determinants that significantly influence apartment prices that are located within housing estates of Nairobi metropolitan area. The determinants comprise of apartments features including: proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, proximity to slums, presence of swimming pool, presence of balcony, size of the apartment, periodic rental income and land value. Both secondary and primary data sources were employed in the research and 30 housing estates where apartment are located were selected for data collection purposes. Multiple regression analysis was employed for the secondary data and the findings indicated that: land value and size of the apartments had a significant influence on apartment pricing. Descriptive statistical analysis findings indicated that proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, presence of swimming pool, size of the apartments and land value had significant influence on apartment prices. Triangulation of secondary and primary data analysis results indicated a consistency rate of 50%. The recommendation of the study is that real estate stakeholders especially buyers should focus on size and land value of apartments as these significantly influence apartment pricing in Nairobi metropolitan area.

Development of a Evaluation System for Evaluating the Performance of Road Networks in CBD Using the Maximum Entropy Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Jin Xing Shen ◽  
Chang Jiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Evaluation System

Central business district (CBD) is the crucial area in modern metropolitan areas. In this study, an evaluation system is proposed to help transportation professionals determine the reasonable scale of road network in CBD. The evaluation system consists of two parts, including a indicator system and a selection system. The indicator system is based on the measurement of several parameters such as the regional road traffic capacity, smoothness of regional road network, unit road load, and regional road network structure, etc. The selection system uses the maximum entropy with the results of the indicator system to select the reasonable road network scale. A case study is also conducted to apply the whole evaluation system to Huaqiao central business district. The research results show that the evaluation system developed in this study can be used as a useful guidance for determining a reasonable road network scale for the city central business district in metropolitan areas in China.

scholarly journals Development of Employment Sub-centres in the City of Ahmedabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Munshi ◽  
Mark Brussel ◽  
Mark Zuidgeest ◽  
Martin Van Maarseveen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

This article describes how employment sub-centres can be identified applying geo-spatial modelling techniques in the context of metropolitan areas in India, and how the development of these employment centres can be linked to the levels of accessibility to labour, access to transport infrastructure as well as land use mix and land use diversity. For the city of Ahmedabad, employment sub-centres are identified for the year 2010, while the progression of employment in retail, commercial and industrial sectors in each of these centres is studied for the period from 1980 to 2010. Definite the signs of sprawl-type development and polarization reversal are observed, including the emergence of new employment sub-centres across the urban area, and the rapid growth of centres further away from the central business district. Retail and commercial sectors have grown exponentially, whereas industrial and manufacturing sector’s growth is stagnant. This development is mixed and heterogeneous, with the growth of the retail and the commercial sectors found to have a significant and positive relation with access to labour and transport infrastructure. These identified patterns of development provide important information to urban planners enabling them to make informed decision, for example, in locating future employment activities, identifying future transit-oriented development nodes, etc.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors of Housing Sales Vacancy in the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Yue ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hong’ou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Vacancy Rates ◽  
Business District ◽  
Housing Vacancy

In this paper, nine indicators selected from three perspectives (convenience, environmental and location characteristics) and three regression models (OLS, SLM and SEM) are used to explore the influencing factors of housing sales vacancy in the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area, China. The results show that subway accessibility, peripheral aversion municipal facilities and distance from the CBD (Central Business District) are consistent with theoretical expectations. Subway accessibility is negatively correlated with the housing sales vacancy rates, while peripheral aversion municipal facilities and distance from the CBD are positively correlated with housing vacancy rates.

A transportation planning model for detailed traffic analyses

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Business District

This paper contains a brief outline of a transportation planning model developed for the purpose of providing detailed analyses of commuter traffic. It sets out to model the movement of automobile, transit and pedestrian traffic taking into account the interaction between and within each of the traffic components. The model is most appropriately applied to areas of high traffic activity, such as the central business district of a metropolitan area or arterial streets of a region-wide network during peak demand.

scholarly journals Improving the capacity and operational efficiency of an on-street parking system using data-based parking management strategies: case study of watt market in Calabar, South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
G.S. Ukam
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Business District

Solving parking challenges in a manner that is sustainable would require a shift from using up more scarce land resources in providing supply to meet an unending demand for parking. Parking management is the approach of tackling parking challenges that efficiently utilizes scarce resources to meet demand in a sustainable way. This paper studied an on-street parking system in the central business district with the aim of proffering  policies and strategies that can help improve the capacity and operational efficiency of the park. Parking inventory and the license plate method were employed in analyzing the parking characteristics of the park. By introducing a parking duration restriction, more capacity could be  accommodated on the current available lots. A 90-minute limit would accommodate at least 106 more vehicles and increase the turnover from 13 to 14 vehicles per lot for the duration of survey, thus improving operational capacity and efficiency. The paper shows that parking management  strategies that are effective in making the difference should be employed based on adequate field surveys, observations and analysis. Keywords: On street parking, parking capacity, parking management, Parking survey, License plate

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