Abstract 13249: Temporal Trends in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Bystander CPR and Defibrillation Following Implementation of Citizen Responder Programs

Introduction: In Denmark, survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has increased markedly in the past years, from 3.9% in 2001 to 15.8% in 2019. Still, bystander defibrillation remains low, especially for OHCAs in residential areas. To improve bystander defibrillation, smartphone activated Citizen Responder (CR) Programs have expanded to nationwide coverage in Denmark during September 2017 to May 2020. Hypothesis: Implementation of CR programs in Denmark was associated with increased bystander CPR and defibrillation. Methods: We conducted an observational study of 15,308 OHCAs from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry from 2016-2019. App-based CR programs were implemented in four out of five Danish regions during the study period. All OHCAs were divided into two groups according to the date of CR implementation (“before” and “after CR” implementation). The groups were compared focusing on bystander defibrillation, bystander CPR and 30-day survival. Results: “Before CR” included 8,819 OHCAs and the “after CR” 6,489 OHCAs. The proportion of bystander CPR was 77.9% and 78.0% (p-value 0.91) for the before -and after CR implementation groups, respectively. The corresponding numbers for bystander defibrillation were 7.4% and 9.5% (p-value < 0.001), respectively. In residential OHCA, bystander defibrillation went from 4.0% to 6.3% (p-value<0.001) in the before -and after group respectively. In public, bystander defibrillation was 19.3% and 22.2% (p-value 0.05) in the groups respectively. 30-day survival was 12.7% before and 13.1% after CR implementation (p-value 0.49). Conclusion: We found no changes in bystander CPR or 30-day survival following implementation of CR programs in Denmark, but a significant increase in bystander defibrillation for all OHCAs. Importantly bystander defibrillation also increased significantly in residential locations, where the majority of OHCAs occur and where bystander defibrillation has remained low for decades.

Differences in Commuting Modes and Residential Locations as Factors of Turnover Intention of Healthcare Workers of Ambulatory Clinics

Organisations require novel perspectives for achieving a stable workforce. One of such perspectives is having healthy employees, through timely medical care in ambulatory clinics. But when healthcare providers exhibit turnover intentions, and ultimately turnover behaviour, the purpose for such facilities is defeated. The study sought to understand if healthcare workers’ commuting modes and the differences in their residential locations affect their turnover intentions. These variables, which are yet to be investigated in the turnover literature, were examined within the assumptions of discrete choice model. Therefore, 137 healthcare workers of 11 ambulatory clinics, randomly selected from operating clinics in Marina, Lagos Island, were surveyed using purposive sampling method. The results suggest that the differences in residential locations did not produce statistically significant differences in turnover intention. However, there were significant differences in turnover intentions of participants who drive their cars and those who commute with public transport ( F (1, 131) = 9.14, p < 0.01). Further result negates the constant travel time hypothesis and the discrete choice model. The recommendations are focused on coordinated transport schedules, decentralised congested economic activities and polycentric city planning policies. These will enhance dispersed commuting.

Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Developmental Delay in Children and Teenagers in Taiwan

(1) Background: Studies on the association between air pollution and developmental delay in children are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the risk of developmental delay in Taiwanese children exposed to air pollution. (2) Methods: We merged the two nationwide databases, and the annual average pollutant concentrations were grouped into tertiles to evaluate the risk of developmental delay (ICD-9 code 315.9). We identified the patients’ active residential locations based on the location of the clinic or hospital in which they sought treatment for acute upper respiratory infections (ICD 9 code 460). The two nationwide databases were linked for analysis based on the active residential locations of each participant and the locations of the 74 ambient air quality monitoring stations. (3) Results: We observed an increased risk of developmental delay in children and teenagers exposed to SO2, CO, and NO2. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of developmental delay for comparison among the tertiles with respect to SO2, CO, and NO2 exposures were 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.24), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.09–1.34), and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.261.55), respectively. (4) Conclusions: The present findings suggest that air pollution exposure increases the risk of developmental delay in children and teenagers in Taiwan.

SEBARAN PERMUKIMAN KUNO PADA DAS LAMANDAU DI KALIMANTAN BAGIAN BARAT DAYA: PERSPEKTIF ARKEOLOGI KERUANGAN

The potential of archaeology in Sungai Lamandau catchment has not been intensively explored. The ancient settlement is one of the interesting archaeological potentials to be studied in this area. This study aims to understand the pattern of macro distribution of ancient settlements in Sungai Lamandau catchment. Understanding the distribution patterns of ancient settlements is expected to provide a reference for local wisdom in adapting to the environment, selecting residential locations, and building vernacular architecture. Therefore, this study uses a spatial archeology approach on a macro scale. Research results showed that laterally (spatial), the distribution of ancient settlements in Sungai Lamandau catchment was divided into three regions, i.e. downstream; midlestream; and upstream Vertically (time), the oldest settlement occurred in the upper reaches of Sungai Lamandau, while the most recent one is in around the area of middlestream The characteristics of multicomponent site were identified to be located in the lower and midstream parts of Sungai Lamandau catchment, which contains the most complex findings.

Group Spatial Preferences of Residential Locations—Simplified Method Based on Crowdsourced Spatial Data and MCDA

Residential location preferences illustrate how the attractiveness of particular neighbourhoods is perceived and indicate what improves or lowers the comfort of life in a city according to its residents. This research analyses the residential preferences of students who were asked to indicate their most preferred residential locations and to define their selection criteria. The study was conducted in two phases: in 2019, before the outbreak of the pandemic, and in 2020 during the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The methodology of spatial multi-criteria analyses and the developed simplified approach to determining collective preferences from crowdsourced data FCPR (first criteria partial ranking) were used to analyse the preferences. The following research questions were asked: (1) whether the developed simplified FCPR methodology would provide results similar to the methods currently used to determine group weightings of criteria; (2) what spatial aspects were important for the students when choosing where to live, and (3) whether these aspects change in the face of the pandemic. The results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the simplified approach. They indicated a significant relationship between an efficient public transport system and residence preferences, even with prolonged distance learning. They also showed the increased importance of location close to family or friends in the face of the pandemic. Only a combined analysis of the preferences expressed both in the form of a ranking of criteria and directly indicated locations provides complete information.