The Perception of Motion: Michotte Revisited

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Weir
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Knowledge Based

This paper extends the range of artificial-intelligence vision programs to the domain of moving objects, using the work of Michotte as a source of data for a computer program which purports to ‘see’ the action types he examined. Given the thesis that internal descriptions of a nonlinguistic type provide the basis for a constructive, knowledge-based theory of perception, the properties of a symbol-manipulating system capable of supporting this are explored as a challenge to the Michotte notion of “direct perception without interpretation”.

An IBM PC Based Computer Program for the Analysis of Infrared Spectra

1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739-1745
Author(s):  
Min J. Yang ◽  
Paul W. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Operating System ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Disk Operating System ◽  
Interpretation System ◽  
Ibm Pc

A computerized infrared interpreter has been developed on an IBM personal computer (PC) running under the Microsoft disk operating system (DOS). Based on the original Merck Sharp & Dhome Research Laboratory Program for the Analysis of InfRared Spectra (PAIRS), this infrared interpreter, PC PAIRS+, is capable of analyzing infrared spectra measured from a wide variety of spectrophotometers. Modifications to PAIRS now allow the application of both artificial intelligence and library searching techniques in the program. A new algorithm has been devised to combine the results from the library searching and the PAIRS program to enhance the dependability of interpretational data. The increased capability of this infrared interpreter along with its applicability on a personal computer results in a powerful, general-purpose, and easy-to-use infrared interpretation system. Applications of PC PAIRS+ on petrochemical samples are described.

Knowledge-Based Instructional Gaming: GEO

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Duchastel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Instructional Gaming

Games have a fascination for people which make them ideal vehicles for instruction of an informal nature. Described here is an instructional game (GEO) in which the user learns elements of Canadian geography as she chases a spy around the country. The game utilizes artificial intelligence approaches to represent and put to use various types of knowledge (knowledge of geography, of tutoring, and of the student). Our experience in designing and refining the game is discussed, as well as prospects for extending this approach to other learning situations.

scholarly journals Learning Social Media Content Optimization: How Can SMEs Draw the Users' Attention on Official WeChat Accounts?

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyun Zeng ◽  
Xuening Xu ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Content Optimization

Application of artificial intelligence is accelerating the digital transformation of enterprises, and digital content optimization is crucial to take the users' attention in social media usage. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how social media content reaches and impresses more users. Using a sample of 345 articles released by Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on their official WeChat accounts, we employ the self-determination theory to analyze the effects of content optimization strategies on social media visibility. It is found that articles with enterprise-related information optimized for content related to users' psychological needs (heart-based content optimization, mind-based content optimization, and knowledge-based content optimization) achieved higher visibility than that of sheer enterprise-related information, whereas the enterprise-related information embedded with material incentive (benefits-based content optimization) brings lower visibility. The results confirm the positive effect of psychological needs on the diffusion of enterprise-related information, and provide guidance for SMEs to apply artificial intelligence technology to social media practice.

scholarly journals Review of Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-171
Author(s):  
K. P. V. Sai Aakarsh ◽  
Adwin Manhar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Ordinary Person ◽  
Digital Computers

Over many centuries, tools of increasing sophistication have been developed to serve the human race Digital computers are, in many respects, just another tool. They can perform the same sort of numerical and symbolic manipulations that an ordinary person can, but faster and more reliably. This paper represents review of artificial intelligence algorithms applying in computer application and software. Include knowledge-based systems; computational intelligence, which leads to Artificial intelligence, is the science of mimicking human mental faculties in a computer. That assists Physician to make dissection in medical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence and copyright

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Daryna Prylypko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Level ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Justice Practice

Key words: copyright, work, artificial intelligence, computer program In the article, the problemsof legislation of Ukraine regarding the issues of copyright on works created due to artificialintelligence were analyzed. Particularly, who is the owner of copyright ofworks created due to artificial intelligence. On the one hand, it could be a developer ofa computer program, from the other hand, it could be a client or an employer. Because,it could happen that there is a situation when robots created something newand original, e.g., how it happened with the project “New Rembrandt”. In this case,computers created a unique portrait of Rembrandt. And here is a question, where isin this portrait original and intellectual works of developers of these computers andprograms. In the contrast, this portrait could be created without people who developedspecial machines, programs, and computers. The article’s author proposes to addinto Ukrainian legislation with following norm: the owner of the copyright createddue to artificial intelligence should be a natural person who uses artificial intelligencefor these purposes within the official relationship or on the basis of a contract. In caseof automatic generation of such work by artificial intelligence, the owner of copyrightshould be the developer.Also, another question arises, particularly, who will be responsible for the damagecaused by the artificial intelligence. As an example, of the solution for this issue Resolution2015/2103 (INL) was given, where is mentioned that human agent could be responsiblefor the caused damage. Because, it is not always a developer is responsiblefor the damage.Also, the legislation and justice practice of foreign countries was explored. Theways of overcoming mentioned problems in legislation of Ukraine were proposed.Such as changing our legislation and giving the exact explanation in who is the ownerof copyright on works created due to artificial intelligence and in which cases this personcould become an owner of the copyright. However, probably, these issues shouldbe resolved at international level regarding globalization.

Applying Artificial Intelligence to Financial Investing

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hayden Wimmer ◽  
Roy Rada
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Market Inefficiencies ◽  
Knowledge Based

Artificial intelligence techniques have long been applied to financial investing scenarios to determine market inefficiencies, criteria for credit scoring, and bankruptcy prediction, to name a few. While there are many subfields to artificial intelligence this work seeks to identify the most commonly applied AI techniques to financial investing as appears in academic literature. AI techniques, such as knowledge-based, machine learning, and natural language processing, are integrated into systems that simultaneously address data identification, asset valuation, and risk management. Future trends will continue to integrate hybrid artificial intelligence techniques into financial investing, portfolio optimization, and risk management. The remainder of this article summarizes key contributions of applying AI to financial investing as appears in the academic literature.

Engineering of Experience Based Trust for E-Commerce

2010 ◽  
pp. 342-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohao Sun ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Dong Dong ◽  
Shuliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Multiagent System ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Trust Inference

Trust is significant for sustainable development of e-commerce and has received increasing attention in e-commerce, multiagent systems (MAS), and artificial intelligence (AI). However, little attention has been given to the theoretical foundation and intelligent techniques for trust in e-commerce from a viewpoint of intelligent systems and engineering. This chapter will fill this gap by examining engineering of experience-based trust in e-commerce from the viewpoint of intelligent systems. It looks at knowledgebased trust, inference-based trust and their interrelationships with experience-based trust. It also examines scalable trust in e-commerce. It proposes a knowledge based model of trust in e-commerce and a system architecture for METSE: a multiagent system for experience-based trust in e-commerce. The proposed approach in this chapter will facilitate research and development of trust, multiagent systems, e-commerce and e-services.

Chinese room argument

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Van Gulick
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Chinese Room ◽  
Chinese Room Argument ◽  
Strong Ai

John Searle’s ‘Chinese room’ argument aims to refute ‘strong AI’ (artificial intelligence), the view that instantiating a computer program is sufficient for having contentful mental states. Imagine a program that produces conversationally appropriate Chinese responses to Chinese utterances. Suppose Searle, who understands no Chinese, sits in a room and is passed slips of paper bearing strings of shapes which, unbeknown to him, are Chinese sentences. Searle performs the formal manipulations of the program and passes back slips bearing conversationally appropriate Chinese responses. Searle seems to instantiate the program, but understands no Chinese. So, Searle concludes, strong AI is false.

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