Fusion of Visual and Proprioceptive Information about Hand Position Prior to Movement

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
M Desmurget ◽  
Y Rossetti ◽  
C Prablanc
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Loop Condition

The problem whether movement accuracy is better in the full open-loop condition (FOL, hand never visible) than in the static closed-loop condition (SCL, hand only visible prior to movement onset) remains widely debated. To investigate this controversial question, we studied conditions for which visual information available to the subject prior to movement onset was strictly controlled. The results of our investigation showed that the accuracy improvement observed when human subjects were allowed to see their hand, in the peripheral visual field, prior to movement: (1) concerned only the variable errors; (2) did not depend on the simultaneous vision of the hand and target (hand and target viewed simultaneously vs sequentially); (3) remained significant when pointing to proprioceptive targets; and (4) was not suppressed when the visual information was temporally (visual presentation for less than 300 ms) or spatially (vision of only the index fingertip) restricted. In addition, dissociating vision and proprioception with wedge prisms showed that a weighed hand position was used to program hand trajectory. When considered together, these results suggest that: (i) knowledge of the initial upper limb configuration or position is necessary to plan accurately goal-directed movements; (ii) static proprioceptive receptors are partially ineffective in providing an accurate estimate of the limb posture, and/or hand location relative to the body, and (iii) visual and proprioceptive information is not used in an exclusive way, but combined to furnish an accurate representation of the state of the effector prior to movement.

scholarly journals The Relative Contributions of Visual and Proprioceptive Inputs on Hand Localization in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Ratcliffe ◽  
Katie Greenfield ◽  
Danielle Ropar ◽  
Ellen M. Howard ◽  
Roger Newport
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Older Children ◽  
True Location ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs

Forming an accurate representation of the body relies on the integration of information from multiple sensory inputs. Both vision and proprioception are important for body localization. Whilst adults have been shown to integrate these sources in an optimal fashion, few studies have investigated how children integrate visual and proprioceptive information when localizing the body. The current study used a mediated reality device called MIRAGE to explore how the brain weighs visual and proprioceptive information in a hand localization task across early childhood. Sixty-four children aged 4–11 years estimated the position of their index finger after viewing congruent or incongruent visuo-proprioceptive information regarding hand position. A developmental trajectory analysis was carried out to explore the effect of age on condition. An age effect was only found in the incongruent condition which resulted in greater mislocalization of the hand toward the visual representation as age increased. Estimates by younger children were closer to the true location of the hand compared to those by older children indicating less weighting of visual information. Regression analyses showed localizations errors in the incongruent seen condition could not be explained by proprioceptive accuracy or by general attention or social differences. This suggests that the way in which visual and proprioceptive information are integrated optimizes throughout development, with the bias toward visual information increasing with age.

scholarly journals Learned rather than online relative weighting of visual-proprioceptive sensory cues

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1981-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mikula ◽  
Valérie Gaveau ◽  
Laure Pisella ◽  
Aarlenne Z. Khan ◽  
Gunnar Blohm
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Neuronal Representation ◽  
Relative Weighting

When reaching to an object, information about the target location as well as the initial hand position is required to program the motor plan for the arm. The initial hand position can be determined by proprioceptive information as well as visual information, if available. Bayes-optimal integration posits that we utilize all information available, with greater weighting on the sense that is more reliable, thus generally weighting visual information more than the usually less reliable proprioceptive information. The criterion by which information is weighted has not been explicitly investigated; it has been assumed that the weights are based on task- and effector-dependent sensory reliability requiring an explicit neuronal representation of variability. However, the weights could also be determined implicitly through learned modality-specific integration weights and not on effector-dependent reliability. While the former hypothesis predicts different proprioceptive weights for left and right hands, e.g., due to different reliabilities of dominant vs. nondominant hand proprioception, we would expect the same integration weights if the latter hypothesis was true. We found that the proprioceptive weights for the left and right hands were extremely consistent regardless of differences in sensory variability for the two hands as measured in two separate complementary tasks. Thus we propose that proprioceptive weights during reaching are learned across both hands, with high interindividual range but independent of each hand’s specific proprioceptive variability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY How visual and proprioceptive information about the hand are integrated to plan a reaching movement is still debated. The goal of this study was to clarify how the weights assigned to vision and proprioception during multisensory integration are determined. We found evidence that the integration weights are modality specific rather than based on the sensory reliabilities of the effectors.

scholarly journals Integration of Proprioceptive and Visual Position-Information: An Experimentally Supported Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. van Beers ◽  
Anne C. Sittig ◽  
Jan J. Denier van der Gon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Variable Errors ◽  
Available Information

Integration of proprioceptive and visual position-information: an experimentally supported model. To localize one’s hand, i.e., to find out its position with respect to the body, humans may use proprioceptive information or visual information or both. It is still not known how the CNS combines simultaneous proprioceptive and visual information. In this study, we investigate in what position in a horizontal plane a hand is localized on the basis of simultaneous proprioceptive and visual information and compare this to the positions in which it is localized on the basis of proprioception only and vision only. Seated at a table, subjects matched target positions on the table top with their unseen left hand under the table. The experiment consisted of three series. In each of these series, the target positions were presented in three conditions: by vision only, by proprioception only, or by both vision and proprioception. In one of the three series, the visual information was veridical. In the other two, it was modified by prisms that displaced the visual field to the left and to the right, respectively. The results show that the mean of the positions indicated in the condition with both vision and proprioception generally lies off the straight line through the means of the other two conditions. In most cases the mean lies on the side predicted by a model describing the integration of multisensory information. According to this model, the visual information and the proprioceptive information are weighted with direction-dependent weights, the weights being related to the direction-dependent precision of the information in such a way that the available information is used very efficiently. Because the proposed model also can explain the unexpectedly small sizes of the variable errors in the localization of a seen hand that were reported earlier, there is strong evidence to support this model. The results imply that the CNS has knowledge about the direction-dependent precision of the proprioceptive and visual information.

Body Schema Disturbance in Adolescence: From Proprioceptive Integration to the Perception of Human Movement

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Cignetti ◽  
Sébastien Caudron ◽  
Marianne Vaugoyeau ◽  
Christine Assaiante
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Postural Reaction

There is evidence that adolescence is a critical period in development, most likely involving important modifications of the body schema and of the sensorimotor representations. The present study addressed this issue, by investigating the differences between adolescents and adults regarding the integration of proprioceptive information at both perceptual and postural levels and the visual recognition of human movement. Proprioceptive integration was examined using muscle-tendon vibration that evoked either a postural response or an illusory sensation of movement. The ability to recognize human movement was investigated from a paradigm where the participants had to discern between human movements performed with and without gravity. The study produced three main findings. First, the adolescents had larger postural responses to tendon vibrations than the adults, with visual information enabling them to reduce this exaggerated postural reaction. Second, the adolescents had a greater illusory perception of movement compared with the adults. Third, the adolescents had the same perceptual ability as adults in the human movement perception task. In conclusion, we were able to highlight notable differences between adolescents and young adults, which confirms the late maturation of multisensory integration for postural control and the privileged visual contribution to postural control.

Representation of hand position prior to movement and motor variability

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Desmurget ◽  
Yves Rossetti ◽  
Claude Prablanc ◽  
Marc Jeannerod ◽  
George E. Stelmach
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Feedback Process ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Motor Variability ◽  
Deceleration Phase

Pointing accurary of six human subjects was measured in two blocked conditions where the hand was either never visible (T: target only) or only visible in static position prior to movement onset (H+T: hand + target). It was shown in condition H+T that, viewing the hand prior to movement greatly decreased end-point variability compared with condition T. This effect was associated with a significant modification of the movement kinematics: the H+T condition induced a shortened acceleration phase with a corresponding lengthened deceleration phase, compared with the T condition. These results led us to the hypothesis that viewing the hand prior to movement onset allowed a decrease of pointing variability through a feedback process. This hypothesis was further tested by turning the target off during the deceleration phase of the movement at half peak velocity. It was shown that turning the target off had no effect upon the T condition but induced a significant increase of pointing variability in the H+T condition. This result suggests that vision of the static hand enhances the proprioceptive localization of the limb and allows for a better visual to kinesthesic feedback.Key words: proprioception, vision, motor control, pointing, feedback, human.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

Locomotory Diseases Influence on Body Equilibrium and Balance

2014 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbu Cristian Braun ◽  
Ileana Constanta Rosca
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
First Person ◽  
Mass Center ◽  
Stability Problems ◽  
Research Stage

The paper describes a new method of body equilibrium evaluation applied for different human subjects, the principal aim being to demonstrate to what extent any locomotory diseases could influence the body stability and equilibrium. The research refers to identify some persons with different locomotory diseases and to find both the influence on equilibrium and stability and if possible to improve them. Our research stage, synthesized in this paper, explains the body equilibrium evaluation in orthostatic posture done for different subjects, aged between 20 and 40 years. A number of 10 relevant persons were considered to be evaluated, 2 of them having some locomotory diseases. The first person presents any neuro-motor stability problems in case of long standing case. The other person has both Achilles tendons torn and operated. All subjects were tested in orthostatic posture, in 3 distinct positions, using a Kistler force plate. The experiments referred to the body mass center (COM) displacement in sagittal and lateral planes, representing an interesting characteristic for its equilibrium. It was shown that the person with diseases affecting stability presented a loss of equilibrium when standing for 10-20 seconds, i.e. higher COM displacements in both planes reported to the other tested subjects.

Respiratory measurements of cardiac output: from elegant idea to useful test

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Laszlo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Mixed Venous

The measurement of cardiac output was first proposed by Fick, who published his equation in 1870. Fick's calculation called for the measurement of the contents of oxygen or CO2 in pulmonary arterial and systemic arterial blood. These values could not be determined directly in human subjects until the acceptance of cardiac catheterization as a clinical procedure in 1940. In the meanwhile, several attempts were made to perfect respiratory methods for the indirect determination of blood-gas contents by respiratory techniques that yielded estimates of the mixed venous and pulmonary capillary gas pressures. The immediate uptake of nonresident gases can be used in a similar way to calculate cardiac output, with the added advantage that they are absent from the mixed venous blood. The fact that these procedures are safe and relatively nonintrusive makes them attractive to physiologists, pharmacologists, and sports scientists as well as to clinicians concerned with the physiopathology of the heart and lung. This paper outlines the development of these techniques, with a discussion of some of the ways in which they stimulated research into the transport of gases in the body through the alveolar membrane.

scholarly journals Isotropic Sequence Order Learning

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Porr ◽  
Florentin Wörgötter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Behavioral Paradigm ◽  
Motor Loop ◽  
Loop Condition ◽  
Spike Time Dependent Plasticity

In this article, we present an isotropic unsupervised algorithm for temporal sequence learning. No special reward signal is used such that all inputs are completely isotropic. All input signals are bandpass filtered before converging onto a linear output neuron. All synaptic weights change according to the correlation of bandpass-filtered inputs with the derivative of the output. We investigate the algorithm in an open- and a closed-loop condition, the latter being defined by embedding the learning system into a behavioral feedback loop. In the open-loop condition, we find that the linear structure of the algorithm allows analytically calculating the shape of the weight change, which is strictly heterosynaptic and follows the shape of the weight change curves found in spike-time-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, we show that synaptic weights stabilize automatically when no more temporal differences exist between the inputs without additional normalizing measures. In the second part of this study, the algorithm is is placed in an environment that leads to closed sensor-motor loop. To this end, a robot is programmed with a prewired retraction reflex reaction in response to collisions. Through isotropic sequence order (ISO) learning, the robot achieves collision avoidance by learning the correlation between his early range-finder signals and the later occurring collision signal. Synaptic weights stabilize at the end of learning as theoretically predicted. Finally, we discuss the relation of ISO learning with other drive reinforcement models and with the commonly used temporal difference learning algorithm. This study is followed up by a mathematical analysis of the closed-loop situation in the companion article in this issue, “ISO Learning Approximates a Solution to the Inverse-Controller Problem in an Unsupervised Behavioral Paradigm” (pp. 865–884).

The Effect of Head Tilt on Perception of Self-Orientation While in a Greater than One G Environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Chelette ◽  
Eric J. Martin ◽  
William B. Albery
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Constant Head

The effect of head tilt on the perception of self-orientation while in a greater than one G environment was studied in nine subjects using the Armstrong Laboratory Dynamic Environment Simulator. After a 12-s stabilization period at a constant head tilt and G level, subjects reported their perception of the horizon by placing their right hand in a position they believed to be horizontal. Head tilt conditions ranged from -30° to +45° pitch over each of three head yaw positions. G levels ranged from one to four and were in the longitudinal axis of the body (Gz). Hand position was recorded in both the pitch and roll body axes. A function of head tilt did improve the fit of a multiple regression model to the collected data in both the pitch and roll axes (P < .05). The best fit was accomplished with a nonlinear function of G and head pitch. When the head remained level but the environment tilted with respect to the G vector (at angles similar to those perceived during head tilt), subjects accurately reported the environmental tilt. Head tilt under G can result in vestibular-based illusionary perception of environmental tilt. Actual environmental tilt is accurately perceived due to added channels of haptic information.

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