Big, Bold and Blue

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Functions

The world’s oceans cover about 70% of our planet. To safeguard the delicate ecological and environmental functions of the oceans and their remarkable biodiversity, networks of marine protected areas are being created. In some of these areas, human activity is restricted to non-exploitative activities and in others it is managed in a sustainable way. Australia is at the forefront of marine conservation, with one of the largest systems of marine protected areas in the world. Big, Bold and Blue: Lessons from Australia’s Marine Protected Areas captures Australia’s experience, sharing important lessons from the Great Barrier Reef and many other extraordinary marine protected areas. It presents real-world examples, leading academic research, perspectives on government policy, and information from indigenous sea country management, non-governmental organisations, and commercial and recreational fishing sectors. The lessons learnt during the rapid expansion of Australia’s marine protected areas, both positive and negative, will aid and advise other nations in their own marine conservation efforts. The book is ideal reading for marine planners and managers across the globe; academic institutions where research on marine environments occur; government agencies across the world implementing and creating policy around MPA development; non-government organisations involved in lobbying for MPA expansion; and fisheries agencies and industry stakeholders.

scholarly journals Lack of recreational fishing compliance may compromise effectiveness of Rockfish Conservation Areas in British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Haggarty ◽  
Steve J.D. Martell ◽  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Ecological Recovery ◽  
Recovery Education

Compliance with spatial fishing regulations (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing closures) is one of the most important, yet rarely measured, determinants of ecological recovery. We used aerial observations of recreational fishing events from creel surveys before, during, and after 77 Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) were established in British Columbia, Canada. There was no evidence of a change in fishing effort in 83% of the RCAs, and effort in five RCAs increased after establishment. Fishing effort in open areas adjacent to the RCAs declined with time and was higher than effort in the RCAs in all 3 years. Next, we used compliance data for 105 RCAs around Vancouver Island to model the drivers of compliance. Compliance was related to the level of fishing effort around the RCA, the size and perimeter-to-area ratio of RCAs, proximity to fishing lodges, and the level of enforcement. Noncompliance in RCAs may be hampering their effectiveness and impeding rockfish recovery. Education and enforcement efforts to reduce fishing effort inside protected areas are critical to the recovery of depleted fish stocks.

scholarly journals A Synthesis of Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4450
Author(s):  
Vanessa Hull ◽  
Christian J. Rivera ◽  
Chad Wong
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

The world’s oceans face unprecedented anthropogenic threats in the globalized era that originate from all over the world, including climate change, global trade and transportation, and pollution. Marine protected areas (MPAs) serve important roles in conservation of marine biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, but their success is increasingly challenged in the face of such large-scale threats. Here, we illustrate the utility of adopting the interdisciplinary telecoupling framework to better understand effects that originate from distant places and cross MPA boundaries (e.g., polluted water circulation, anthropogenic noise transport, human and animal migration). We review evidence of distal processes affecting MPAs and the cutting-edge approaches currently used to investigate these processes. We then introduce the umbrella framework of telecoupling and explain how it can help address knowledge gaps that exist due to limitations of past approaches that are centered within individual disciplines. We then synthesize five examples from the recent telecoupling literature to explore how the telecoupling framework can be used for MPA research. These examples include the spatial subsidies approach, adapted social network analysis, telecoupled qualitative analysis, telecoupled supply chain analysis, and decision support tools for telecoupling. Our work highlights the potential for the telecoupling framework to better understand and address the mounting and interconnected socioeconomic and environmental sustainability challenges faced by the growing number of MPAs around the world.

Oceanographic connectivity among marine protected areas on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford LK Robinson ◽  
John Morrison ◽  
Michael GG Foreman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The North

The main objective of our study was to use a three-dimensional oceanographic simulation model to understand connectivity among the proposed Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area (GHNMCA) and 10 other proposed or existing marine protected areas (MPAs) on the north Pacific coast of Canada. The simulations were conducted using passive particles placed at three depths and vertically migrating particles for 30 or 90 days in late winter. Simulated surface particle dispersion was found to be consistent with winter ocean current observations made from analysis of satellite imagery, current mooring, and drifter data. The GHNMCA would contribute to a network of MPAs because it supplies and receives particles from other MPAs in northern British Columbia. Model simulations also indicate that the greatest source of particles to GHNMCA originate from 30-m and not 2-m flows. Finally, the simulated mean daily dispersal rate of 2.0 km·day–1 would allow fish and invertebrates to self-seed northern portions of the GHNMCA in winter. Together, the GHNMCA and other MPAs appear to contribute a large percentage of particles to non-MPA regions in northern Hecate Strait, which may be considered a particle sink in winter.

scholarly journals Comparing the Performance of Four Very Large Marine Protected Areas with Different Levels of Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9572
Author(s):  
Veronica Relano ◽  
Maria Lourdes Deng Palomares ◽  
Daniel Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fishing The Line ◽  
Different Levels

In the last decades, several targets for marine conservation were set to counter the effects of increasing fishing pressure, e.g., protecting 10% of the sea by 2020, and establishing large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs). Using the ‘reconstructed’ catch data for 1950 to 2018 made available by the Sea Around Us initiative, we show that the declaration of an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in 1983 by the U.S.A. and its protection by the U.S. Coast Guard had a much bigger impact on catches around the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands than the subsequent creation of a LSMPA. This is similar to Pitcairn Islands, a UK territory. Trends differed sharply in the Galapagos and New Caledonia, where neither their EEZ declaration nor the LSMPA (by Ecuador in 1988 and by France in 2014) stopped local fisheries from continuous expansion. Our results also demonstrate that in the studied multizone LSMPAs continued local fishing induces a ‘fishing down’ effect wherein the mean trophic level (TL) declined, especially in the Galapagos, by 0.1 TL per decade. Stakeholders’ responses to a short questionnaire and satellite imagery lent support to these results in that they documented substantial fishing operations and ‘fishing the line’ within and around multizone LSMPAs. In the case of EEZs around less populated or unpopulated islands, banning foreign fishing may reduce catch much more than a subsequent LSMPA declaration. This confirms that EEZs are a tool for coastal countries to protect their marine biodiversity and that allowing fishing in an MPA, while politically convenient, may result in ‘paper parks’ within which fishing can cause the same deleterious effects as in wholly unprotected areas.

ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FISHING FLEET OUTSIDE THE RUSSIAN EEZ TO MINIMIZE POTENTIAL IUU FISHING AND IMPACT ON VULNERABLE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Vladimir Belyaev ◽  
Konstantin Zgurovsky
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Main Part ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
The World ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Pacific Area

Russia is now on the 4th place in terms of total actual catch in the world. Despite the fact that the main part of the Russian catch is in the Russian exclusive economic zone (EEZ), many companies have started to look for new fishing areas and targets beyond the waters of national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Our analysis shows that the largest share of fish harvested by Russia outside its EEZ is in NEAFC areas, the North West Pacific area is quite promising as well. Preliminary analysis showed some signs of insufficiently controlled activity of the Russian fleet in the areas of ABNJ. This requires additional efforts to improve the monitoring system, especially in "restricted areas”, marine protected areas (MPAs) and areas of reproduction.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-188
Author(s):  
Justin Alger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Effective Solution

This concluding chapter examines the question of whether or not large marine protected areas (MPAs) are a desirable and effective solution to ongoing ocean decline. It makes two seemingly at odds arguments, which it attempts to reconcile. The first argument is that the norm of large MPAs does represent an important paradigm shift in marine conservation, one that has given unprecedented attention to ocean biodiversity loss globally. The second argument qualifies this paradigm shift, claiming that the large MPA norm is still consistent with a neoliberal paradigm of environmentalism that insists that environmental protection not undermine economic growth.

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