Seasonal fluctuations in gross N mineralisation, ammonium consumption, and microbial biomass ina Western Australian soil under different land uses

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Murphy ◽  
G. P. Sparling ◽  
I. R. P. Fillery
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Available N ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Intact Soil Cores

A field experiment was conducted to study the seasonal variation in gross N mineralisation, NH4+ consumption (immobilisation and nitriflcation), potentially available N, and microbial biomass-N.Measurements were made during the wheat growing season in Western Australia under continuouswheat, during the wheat phase of a 1 year lupin : 1 year wheat rotation, during the wheat phaseof a 2 year pasture : 1 year wheat rotation, and under a subterranean clover pasture. The accuracyof gross N mineralisation and NH4+ consumption within intact soil cores was reduced by the largespatial variation in the size of the soil NH4+ pool. Calculated daily rates of gross N mineralisation inthe 0-5 cm soil layer ranged from 0·0 to 1·0 kg N/ha·day in the continuous wheat, 0·1 to 0·8 kgN/ha·day in the lupin{wheat rotation,- 0·1 to 1·3 kg N/ha·day in the pasture-wheat rotation, and-0·1 to 2·5 kg N/ha·day in the pasture treatment. Gross N mineralisation in the 5-10 cm soil layerunder wheat followed the same range observed in the 0-5 cm layer; in continuous pasture, lower rates were measured in the 5-10 cm layer compared with the 0-5 cm layer. The range in daily rates of NH4+ consumption in a given treatment was similar to the range in daily rates of gross N mineralisation,precluding accumulation of NH4+ in soil when considered over a season. Gross N mineralised in the0-10 cm soil layer was equivalent to 10-19% of the total soil N in this layer. Net N mineralised,determined from the difierence between gross N mineralisation and gross immobilisation, was estimatedto be about half of the gross N mineralised during the wheat growing season. Plant uptake wasestimated to be 13-37% of the total gross N mineralised (0-10 cm) during the field season and wasgreater in the wheat after legume compared with continuous wheat. Potentially available N, measured by anaerobic incubation, declined by about one-third during the season. At the beginning of the season, microbial biomass-N in the 0-5 cm soil layer contained 61 kg N/ha in continuous wheat, 68 kgN/ha in the lupin-wheat rotation, 73 kg N/ha in the pasture-wheat rotation, and 99 kg N/ha underpasture. Only half of these quantities of microbial biomass were detected by the end of the season. Microbial biomass-N was concentrated in the surface soil layer with <25 kg N/ha in the 5-10 cmsoil layer under each land use. A reasonable estimate of gross N mineralisation was obtained in the continuous wheat and legume-wheat rotations by using a simple empirical relationship based on thesize and activity of the microbial biomass, and functions to describe the efiect of temperature andwater on microbial activity. However, the pattern of gross N mineralisation in the pasture treatment could not be explained using this approach.

Nitrogen uptake efficiency of maize in monoculture and intercropped with Brachiaria humidicola and Panicum maximum in a dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol of the Brazilian Cerrado

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Rodrigues Coser ◽  
Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Available N ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Biomass N

No-tillage systems associated with intercropping practices of grains and forages as cover crops are increasing in the Cerrado agricultural areas. The aim of this study was to quantify the nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) grown as monoculture and intercropped with tropical forages under a no-tillage system by using the 15N isotope tracer in conjunction with measurements of soil microbial biomass N and available soil N. The experiment was conducted in the 2010–11 growing season, in a Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (Typic Haplustox) in the Cerrado. The experiment was established in a complete randomised block design with three replicates with the following treatments: maize monoculture; maize intercropped with Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana; and maize intercropped with Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium sulfate at a rate of 100 kg ha–1 (30 kg N ha–1 was applied at planting and 70 kg N ha–1 as a side-dressing). The N-fertiliser uptake efficiency in maize and grain yield was not affected by the presence of the intercropped forages. The intercropped B. humidicola and P. maximum recovered 2.08% and 3.71% of the N fertiliser applied, respectively. The soil was the main N source for maize. Maize intercropped with P. maximum showed higher values of microbial biomass N and available N in the soil.

Factors influencing the availability of mineral nitrogen in clay soils of the brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) region of Central Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
PR Grace ◽  
IC MacRae ◽  
RJK Myers
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Highly Correlated

Microbiological and chemical assays were performed on clay soils from woodland (Acacia harpophylla-Casuarina cristata), grassland (Panicurn maximum var trichoglume-Chloris gayana) and cropland (Vigna mungo) in the brigalow region of Central Queensland. Over a 15 month period, the microbial biomass C in the top 3.5 cm of native brigalow woodland soil was on average 3630 8g C g-l, 50% more than an associated perennial pasture and over 400% more than an annually cropped soil. Microbial biomass N (575 8g N g-l) in woodland soil was on average 41% and 270% higher than in pasture and cropped soils respectively and highly correlated with seasonal soil moisture content. Viable counts of bacteria were consistently lower (average 69.2%) in the 0-3.5 cm and 3.5-7.5 cm strata of woodland soil compared with pasture and annual crop sites. Soil NO-3- N levels increased two fold in the upper 3.5 cm of the woodland site during low rainfall periods. This increase may be attributed to a more efficient distribution of mineral N mediated by the increased presence of a fungal population in this community. Leaching may also play a significant role in the distribution of plant available N in the brigalow region as suggested by the inverse relationship N = 54.11-0.67 R (P<0.01), where N is soil NO-3-N (8g N g-l) and R is rainfall in the preceding 3 month period (mm month-1).

scholarly journals Nitrogen Immobilisation and Microbial Biomass Build-Up Induced by Miscanthus x giganteus L. Based Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Michael Stotter ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Ralf Pude ◽  
Martin Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Set Up

Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. (Mis) with annual harvest of biomass could provide an additional C source for farmers. To test the potential of Mis-C for immobilizing inorganic N from slurry or manure and as a C source for soil organic matter build-up in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw (WS), a greenhouse experiment was performed. Pot experiments with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were set up to investigate the N dynamics of two organic fertilisers based on Mis at Campus Klein-Altendorf, Germany. The two fertilisers, a mixture of cattle slurry and Mis as well as cattle manure from Mis-bedding material resulted in a slightly higher N immobilisation. Especially at the 1st and 2nd harvest, they were partly significantly different compared with the WS treatments. The fertilisers based on Mis resulted in a slightly higher microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N and thus can be identified as an additional C source to prevent nitrogen losses and for the build-up of soil organic matter (SOM) in the long-term.

scholarly journals Maturity indices of composting plant materials with Trichoderma asperellum as activator

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Adenike Fisayo Komolafe ◽  
Christopher Olu Adejuyigbe ◽  
Adeniyi Adebowale Soretire ◽  
Isaac OreOluwa Olatokunbo Aiyelaagbe
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Total N ◽  
Compost Maturity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Biomass N

AbstractCompost maturity is a major factor in its use for nutrient supply without adverse effect on crop germination. Composting may be accelerated with inclusion of some microorganisms as activators. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Trichoderma asperellum and length of composting of different plant materials and cattle manure on compost maturity in Ibadan, Nigeria. Composting of two plant materials with cow dung at ratio 3:1 was done in triplicate with or without Trichoderma activation to obtain twelve heaps of four different types of composts; Panicum-based compost with Trichoderma, Tridax-based compost with Trichoderma, Panicum-based compost without Trichoderma and Tridax-based compost without Trichoderma. The process was a 2×2 factorial experiment, laid out a completely randomized design. The Trichoderma activated compost (TAC) at four weeks of composting (4WC) had 56% total N, 21% organic matter, 38% total K, 51% total P and 66.6% microbial biomass N increase over non-activated compost (NAC). Carbon to nitrogen ratio was within the ideal range (10–20) in TAC while it was greater than it in NAC. Microbial biomass and lignin contents had a 56% and 41% increase, respectively, in NAC over TAC. Trichorderma-activated compost has a potential to hasten maturation and makes the compost ready for field on or before four weeks without posing a threat to crop germination.

Short‐term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil microbial properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
N. Ewusi‐Mensah ◽  
V. Logah ◽  
J. O. Fening
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biomass N

This paper reports the short Ã¢â‚¬Â term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizerapplications on the culturable resident bacterial and fungal properties of aFerric Acrisol in the semi Ã¢â‚¬Âdeciduous forest zone of Ghana after three continuouscropping seasons. The treatments were two compost types (i.e. 1:1compost comprising 1 part made up of Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maizestover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure, 2:1 compost comprising 2 partsof Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maize stover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure),cowdung, 100% NPK and a control replicated three times in a randomizedcomplete block design. The results showed that total microbial load on alogarithmic scale ranged from 4.6 cfu/g in the control to 5.4 on cowdungtreated plots. Bacterial counts on 2:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha treatedplots recorded 5% more bacteria than the 1:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha.Fungal counts in the control and inorganic treated plots were higher than theorganically amended plots. The highest and lowest microbial biomass C contentswere recorded on cowdung and 1:1 compost at 5 t/ha treated plotsrespectively. Microbial biomass N content ranged from 1.4 Ã¢â‚¬Â 8.2 mg N kg‐1soil with a mean value of 6.2 mg N kg Ã¢â‚¬Â1 soil. Microbial biomass P contentranged from 3.6 Ã¢â‚¬Â 6.3 mg P kg‐1 soil with a mean value of 5 mg P kg‐1 soil.Microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon ratio varied from 18.37 to 85.63.

The fate of residual nitrogen fertiliser applied to a ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed crop

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cookson ◽  
J. S. Rowarth ◽  
K. C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Large amounts of the nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to ryegrass seed crops remain within the soil at seed harvest and can potentially affect subsequent pasture production and environmental contamination. The fate of residual urea-15N-labelled fertiliser and the effect of previous fertiliser application on subsequent leaching losses and pasture production was assessed during a 9-month period after seed harvest using monolith lysimeters (diameter, 180 mm; length, 300 mm) in Canterbury, New Zealand. Results indicated that leaching losses and pasture uptake of residual 15N-labelled fertiliser were largely restricted by the immobilisation of 15N-labelled fertiliser into soil organic pools and the expanding root mass. Most of the 15N-labelled fertiliser remaining in the soil 9 months after the seed harvest was present within the humified organic matter (50%) and microbial biomass (40%) pools; the majority (62%) was anaerobically mineralisable. The 15N-labelled fertiliser that became available was largely recovered in rapidly expanding ryegrass roots, which increased 3–4-fold between seed harvest (December 1997) and pasture harvest (September 1998). Root mass, soil mineral N, and soil microbial biomass N were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in fertilised treatments than in controls at pasture harvest; clay-fixed N, anaerobically mineralisable N, and total N were not affected. The results indicated that, in the short term, N mineralisation rates were increased by previous fertiliser application but there was little evidence of a longer term effect on N mineralisation rates.

Estimating microbial biomass N in soils with and without living roots: Limitations of a pre-extraction step

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -W. Olfs ◽  
H. W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Biomass N
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