scholarly journals Maturity indices of composting plant materials with Trichoderma asperellum as activator

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Adenike Fisayo Komolafe ◽  
Christopher Olu Adejuyigbe ◽  
Adeniyi Adebowale Soretire ◽  
Isaac OreOluwa Olatokunbo Aiyelaagbe
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Total N ◽  
Compost Maturity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Biomass N

AbstractCompost maturity is a major factor in its use for nutrient supply without adverse effect on crop germination. Composting may be accelerated with inclusion of some microorganisms as activators. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Trichoderma asperellum and length of composting of different plant materials and cattle manure on compost maturity in Ibadan, Nigeria. Composting of two plant materials with cow dung at ratio 3:1 was done in triplicate with or without Trichoderma activation to obtain twelve heaps of four different types of composts; Panicum-based compost with Trichoderma, Tridax-based compost with Trichoderma, Panicum-based compost without Trichoderma and Tridax-based compost without Trichoderma. The process was a 2×2 factorial experiment, laid out a completely randomized design. The Trichoderma activated compost (TAC) at four weeks of composting (4WC) had 56% total N, 21% organic matter, 38% total K, 51% total P and 66.6% microbial biomass N increase over non-activated compost (NAC). Carbon to nitrogen ratio was within the ideal range (10–20) in TAC while it was greater than it in NAC. Microbial biomass and lignin contents had a 56% and 41% increase, respectively, in NAC over TAC. Trichorderma-activated compost has a potential to hasten maturation and makes the compost ready for field on or before four weeks without posing a threat to crop germination.

Soil-plant nitrogen dynamics following incorporation of a mature rye cover crop in a lettuce production system

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Wyland ◽  
L. E. Jackson ◽  
K. F. Schulbach
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Bare Soils

SUMMARYWinter non-leguminous cover crops are included in crop rotations to decrease nitrate (NO3-N) leaching and increase soil organic matter. This study examined the effect of incorporating a mature cover crop on subsequent N transformations. A field trial containing a winter cover crop of Merced rye and a fallow control was established in December 1991 in Salinas, California. The rye was grown for 16 weeks, so that plants had headed and were senescing, resulting in residue which was difficult to incorporate and slow to decompose. Frequent sampling of the surface soil (0–15 cm) showed that net mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation) rapidly increased, then decreased shortly after tillage in both treatments, but that sustained increases in net mineralizable N and microbial biomass N in the cover-cropped soils did not occur until after irrigation, 20 days after incorporation. Soil NO3-N was significantly reduced compared to winter-fallow soil at that time. A 15N experiment examined the fate of N fertilizer, applied in cylinders at a rate of 12 kg 15N/ha at lettuce planting, and measured in the soil, microbial biomass and lettuce plants after 32 days. In the cover-cropped soil, 59% of the 15N was recovered in the microbial biomass, compared to 21% in the winter-bare soil. The dry weight, total N and 15N content of the lettuce in the cover-cropped cylinders were significantly lower; 28 v. 39% of applied 15N was recovered in the lettuce in the cover-cropped and winter-bare soils, respectively. At harvest, the N content of the lettuce in the cover-cropped soil remained lower, and microbial biomass N was higher than in winter-bare soils. These data indicate that delayed cover crop incorporation resulted in net microbial immobilization which extended into the period of high crop demand and reduced N availability to the crop.

scholarly journals A comparative account of the microbial biomass-N and N-mineralization of soils under natural forest, grassland and crop field from dry tropical region, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Singh Jay ◽  
D.P. Singh ◽  
A.K. Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biomass N

This study investigated microbial biomass-N (MB-N) and N-mineralization in soils of four different vegetation systems including forest (sal), mixed forest, savanna and cropland ecosystems in the Vindhyan region, India. A change was noted in the above region due to physiographic differences and anthropogenic disturbances. Annually the soil moisture (SM) content across the different study sites ranged from 7.5 to 24.3% being maximum in forest sites compared to savanna and cropland sites. The NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO <sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub> -N and MB-N concentrations varied from 4.3 to 10.2 &mu;g/g, 1.1 to 5.8 &mu;g/g and 21.3 to 90.2 &mu;g/g dry soil, respectively, with minimum values in the wet and maximum values in the dry season. The trend of seasonal variation in net N-mineralization was similar to that of moisture content but counter to the concentrations of inorganic-N and MB-N. The net N-mineralization rates at different investigated sites ranged from 4.5 to 37.6 &mu;g/g month. Cultivation reduced the N-mineralization and MB-N by 58.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Experiments showed that the percentage contribution of MB-N to total-N was 8.01 to 19.15%. MB-N was positively correlated with the inorganic-N (<i>n</i> = 180,<i>r</i>.80,<i>P</I> < 0.001) but negatively with soil moisture (<i>n</i> = 180, <i>r</i> = 0.79, <i>P</I> < 0.001) and net N-mineralization rates (<i>n</i> = 180, <i>r</i> = 0.92, <i>P</I> < 0.0001). The higher N-mineralization and MB-N in the soil of forest ecosystem was reported compared to savanna and cropland and the order of soil MB-N levels and net N-mineralization followed the sequence: forest (sal) > mixed forest > savanna > cropland.

scholarly journals Climatic, Edaphic and Biotic Controls over Soil δ13C and δ15N in Temperate Grasslands

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Xingliang Xu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Isabel Greenberg ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Total N ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Soil Δ15n ◽  
Total P

Soils δ13C and δ15N are now regarded as useful indicators of nitrogen (N) status and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). Numerous studies have explored the effects of various factors on soils δ13C and δ15N in terrestrial ecosystems on different scales, but it remains unclear how co-varying climatic, edaphic and biotic factors independently contribute to the variation in soil δ13C and δ15N in temperate grasslands on a large scale. To answer the above question, a large-scale soil collection was carried out along a vegetation transect across the temperate grasslands of Inner Mongolia. We found that mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) do not correlate with soil δ15N along the transect, while soil δ13C linearly decreased with MAP and MAT. Soil δ15N logarithmically increased with concentrations of SOC, total N and total P. By comparison, soil δ13C linearly decreased with SOC, total N and total P. Soil δ15N logarithmically increased with microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N, while soil δ13C linearly decreased with microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N. Plant belowground biomass linearly increased with soil δ15N but decreased with soil δ13C. Soil δ15N decreased with soil δ13C along the transect. Multiple linear regressions showed that biotic and edaphic factors such as microbial biomass C and total N exert more effect on soil δ15N, whereas climatic and edaphic factors such as MAT and total P have more impact on soil δ13C. These findings show that soil C and N cycles in temperate grasslands are, to some extent, decoupled and dominantly controlled by different factors. Further investigations should focus on those ecological processes leading to decoupling of C and N cycles in temperate grassland soils.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Immobilisation and Microbial Biomass Build-Up Induced by Miscanthus x giganteus L. Based Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Michael Stotter ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Ralf Pude ◽  
Martin Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Set Up

Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. (Mis) with annual harvest of biomass could provide an additional C source for farmers. To test the potential of Mis-C for immobilizing inorganic N from slurry or manure and as a C source for soil organic matter build-up in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw (WS), a greenhouse experiment was performed. Pot experiments with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were set up to investigate the N dynamics of two organic fertilisers based on Mis at Campus Klein-Altendorf, Germany. The two fertilisers, a mixture of cattle slurry and Mis as well as cattle manure from Mis-bedding material resulted in a slightly higher N immobilisation. Especially at the 1st and 2nd harvest, they were partly significantly different compared with the WS treatments. The fertilisers based on Mis resulted in a slightly higher microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N and thus can be identified as an additional C source to prevent nitrogen losses and for the build-up of soil organic matter (SOM) in the long-term.

Short‐term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil microbial properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
N. Ewusi‐Mensah ◽  
V. Logah ◽  
J. O. Fening
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biomass N

This paper reports the short Ã¢â‚¬Â term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizerapplications on the culturable resident bacterial and fungal properties of aFerric Acrisol in the semi Ã¢â‚¬Âdeciduous forest zone of Ghana after three continuouscropping seasons. The treatments were two compost types (i.e. 1:1compost comprising 1 part made up of Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maizestover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure, 2:1 compost comprising 2 partsof Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maize stover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure),cowdung, 100% NPK and a control replicated three times in a randomizedcomplete block design. The results showed that total microbial load on alogarithmic scale ranged from 4.6 cfu/g in the control to 5.4 on cowdungtreated plots. Bacterial counts on 2:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha treatedplots recorded 5% more bacteria than the 1:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha.Fungal counts in the control and inorganic treated plots were higher than theorganically amended plots. The highest and lowest microbial biomass C contentswere recorded on cowdung and 1:1 compost at 5 t/ha treated plotsrespectively. Microbial biomass N content ranged from 1.4 Ã¢â‚¬Â 8.2 mg N kg‐1soil with a mean value of 6.2 mg N kg Ã¢â‚¬Â1 soil. Microbial biomass P contentranged from 3.6 Ã¢â‚¬Â 6.3 mg P kg‐1 soil with a mean value of 5 mg P kg‐1 soil.Microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon ratio varied from 18.37 to 85.63.

The fate of residual nitrogen fertiliser applied to a ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed crop

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cookson ◽  
J. S. Rowarth ◽  
K. C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Large amounts of the nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to ryegrass seed crops remain within the soil at seed harvest and can potentially affect subsequent pasture production and environmental contamination. The fate of residual urea-15N-labelled fertiliser and the effect of previous fertiliser application on subsequent leaching losses and pasture production was assessed during a 9-month period after seed harvest using monolith lysimeters (diameter, 180 mm; length, 300 mm) in Canterbury, New Zealand. Results indicated that leaching losses and pasture uptake of residual 15N-labelled fertiliser were largely restricted by the immobilisation of 15N-labelled fertiliser into soil organic pools and the expanding root mass. Most of the 15N-labelled fertiliser remaining in the soil 9 months after the seed harvest was present within the humified organic matter (50%) and microbial biomass (40%) pools; the majority (62%) was anaerobically mineralisable. The 15N-labelled fertiliser that became available was largely recovered in rapidly expanding ryegrass roots, which increased 3–4-fold between seed harvest (December 1997) and pasture harvest (September 1998). Root mass, soil mineral N, and soil microbial biomass N were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in fertilised treatments than in controls at pasture harvest; clay-fixed N, anaerobically mineralisable N, and total N were not affected. The results indicated that, in the short term, N mineralisation rates were increased by previous fertiliser application but there was little evidence of a longer term effect on N mineralisation rates.

scholarly journals Assessing the Response of Tomato Yield, Fruit Composition, Nitrogen Absorption, and Soil Nitrogen Fractions to Different Fertilization Management Strategies in the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Duan ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Yuling Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Fan ◽  
Na Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Biomass N

A greenhouse field experiment involving tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was performed using different nitrogen (N) management regimes: sole application of differing rates of chemical N fertilizer (SC) (SC treatments: N0, N1, N2, and N3) and combined application of manure and chemical N fertilizer (MC) (MC treatments: MN0, MN1, MN2, and MN3). These were used to understand the relationship between comprehensive fruit composition, yield, and N fractions (soil mineral N; soil soluble organic N; soil microbial biomass N, and soil fixed ammonium) under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the MC treatments significantly increased vitamin C and soluble sugar content compared with SC treatments. In addition, the MN2 treatment produced a high yield and had a positive effect on fruit composition. The N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatments resulted in a high loss of N below the root zone (0–30 cm), consequently reducing N use efficiency. Soil mineral N, soil soluble organic N, and soil fixed ammonium tended to be higher during the first fruiting period, whereas soil microbial biomass N tended to be higher during the second fruiting period. MC treatments significantly increased the N fraction in the 0- to 30-cm soil layer; N fractions tended to be higher with the MN2 treatment. According to an optimum regression equation, soil fixed ammonium during the first fruiting period and soil microbial biomass N during the second fruiting period had a more significant influence on tomato yield and fruit composition. Overall, application MC at an appropriate rate (MN2: 608 kg N/ha) is a promising approach to achieving high yields and optimum taste, and it offers a more sustainable fertilizer management strategy compared with chemical N fertilization.

scholarly journals Efek Penambahan Probiotik terhadap Pertumbuhan Cacing dan Kualitas Kompos yang Dihasilkan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Ereminas Nirigi ◽  
Sucahyo Sucahyo ◽  
Jacob La Oktulseja
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Length ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total P

This study aims to determine the effect of Petro Gladiator® probiotic on the growth of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus), in terms of the length and weight of earthworms to determine the compost produced from probiotics and earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The sample of this study is 3 kilograms of earthworms with hand sorting. The results showed that administration of Petro Gladiator® Probiotic has a significant effect (α <0.05) on the increase in total body length of earthworms, while from the weight gain of compost in treatment of different Petro Gladiator® probiotic, there was no significant difference with the Tuket test (α = 0.05). The administration of probiotics significantly (α <0.05) increased the percentage of total N and P content, and decreased total K content. The addition of Petro Gladiator® probiotics has an effect on the length and weight of earthworms. The addition of Petro Gladiator® probiotics also improves the quality of compost, N-total, P-total, organic matter and decreases the C / N ratio. Keywords : Earthworm, compost, cow dung medium, probiotics.

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