Responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to sowing rate in south-western Australia II Canopy development, radiation absorption and dry matter partitioning

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jettner ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
L. D. Martin ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Matter Production

Sowing rate influences plant density, canopy development, radiation absorption, dry matter production and its partitioning, and seed yield. The canopy development, radiation interception, and dry matter partitioning of faba bean (cv. Fiord) were examined using 6 sowing rate treatments from 70 to 270 kg/ha in field experiments conducted over 3 years at Northam as part of a larger investigation of sowing rate responses in faba bean in south-western Australia. High sowing rates resulted in significantly earlier canopy closure, larger green area indexes, more radiation absorption, more dry matter accumulation particularly during the early vegetative stages, and greater seed yield than treatments where a low plant density was established. The results suggest that further increases in canopy development, radiation absorption, dry matter accumulation, and seed yield are possible by using sowing rates in excess of 270 kg/ha. The rate of node appearance was relatively constant within and across seasons (1 every 65·9 degree-days), whereas the number of branches per plant declined with increasing plant density, and less branches survived through to maturity at high density. The peak photosynthetically active radiation absorption (75-85%) measured at green area index of 2·9-3·8 in the highest sowing rate treatment in this study is similar to previous reports for other crops. The estimated radiation use efflciency (1·30 g/MJ) was constant across sowing rate treatments and seasons. High sowing rates produced tall crops with the lowest pods further from the soil surface than those at low plant density, and hence, mechanical harvesting was easier. The growth of individual plants may have been limited by the low growing season rainfall (266-441 mm) and/or low soil pH (5·0 in CaCl2) at the site, and competition between plants for radiation was probably small even at the highest sowing rate. Early canopy closure and greater dry matter production with high sowing rates may also cause greater suppression of weeds and aphids.

Growth, seed yield and water use of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in a short-season Mediterranean-type environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mwanamwenge ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Canopy Development

Summary. A number of studies conducted in Western Australia have shown that faba bean has considerable potential as a pulse crop in the low to medium rainfall cropping regions (300–450 mm/year). However, its yield is variable and can be low in seasons when rainfall is less than average. Traits associated with the adaptation of 10 diverse faba bean genotypes to low rainfall, Mediterranean-type environments were evaluated at Merredin in south-western Australia over 2 contrasting seasons. Plant density was varied with seed size to ensure all genotypes achieved similar canopy development and dry matter production. Time to flowering appeared to be the most important trait influencing seed yield of faba bean in this environment. Seed yield was significantly correlated with time to 50% first flower in 1994 and 1995 (r2 = 0.61 and 0.82 respectively, P<0.01). In the dry 1994 season, rapid leaf area development in ACC286 allowed a greater absorption of photosynthetically active radiation resulting in more dry matter accumulation than other genotypes. ACC286 also had greater root length density at 20–30 cm depth compared with Icarus and the standard cultivar Fiord. There were no significant differences in total water use between the genotypes examined, although the pattern of water use varied markedly. The ratio of pre- to post-flowering water use was about 1:1 in the early flowering and high yielding ACC286 and 2.6 :1 for the late maturing, low yielding Icarus. Seed yield and harvest index were positively correlated with post-flowering water use (r2 = 0.75 and 0.71 respectively). Above-average rainfall in 1995 resulted in increased yield of all genotypes, particularly ACC286 which again produced the highest yields. Early flowering genotypes with rapid dry matter accumulation in the seedling stages (such as ACC286) could widen the adaptation of faba bean to low rainfall, Mediterranean-type environments and situations where sowing is delayed.

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

Impact of weather variables on drymatter accumulation and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties under different dates of sowing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanunola Tzudir ◽  
Shrabani Basu ◽  
Srijani Maji ◽  
Purnendu S. Bera ◽  
Rajib Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

A two year experiment was conducted at the BCKV with four mungbean varieties (Pant Mung-5, Bireswar, RMG-62 and Sukumar) sown under three dates (15th February, 1st and 15th March) in a split plot design where dates of sowing and varieties were allotted to main and sub plot treatments respectively with three replications. PAR was recorded with the help of line quantum sensor. Dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield were measured. Canonical correlation and correspondence analysis showed that absorbed PAR during 32 to 46 days after emergence (DAE) increased dry matter, pod and seed yield. PAR use efficiency (PARUE) of mungbean ranged from 0.75 to 0.88 g MJ-1 for seed yield. PARUE for dry matter production was maximum during 39 to 46 DAE. According to PARUE and heat use efficiency, Pant Mung-5 should be sown within 1st March in this zone. Growing degree day requirement gradually increased with delayed sowing.

Adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to Mediterranean-type environments: effect of time of sowing on growth, yield, and water use

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
D. L. Pritchard ◽  
K. L. Regan ◽  
D. Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Seed Yields

This study examined the adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. Digger) to dryland Mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia and determined the effect of time of sowing on growth, yield, and water use. Phenology, canopy development, radiation absorption, dry matter production and partitioning, seed yield, and water use were measured from a range of sowing times at a number of field locations in south-western Australia in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Contrary to previous results with poorly adapted cultivars, our study showed that lentil is well adapted to low to medium rainfall regions (300-500 mm/year) of south-western Australia and that seed yields greater than 1·0 t/ha and up to 2·5 t/ha can be achieved when sown early. Even in the dry season of 1994 when May-October rainfall was <200 mm, yields of approximately 1·0 t/ha were produced from early sowings. Seed yields were reduced with delayed sowing at rates of 4-29 kg/ha · day. Sowing in late April or early May allowed a longer period for vegetative and reproductive growth, rapid canopy development, greater absorption of photosynthetically active radiation, more water use, and, hence, greater dry matter production, seed yield, and water use efficiency than when sowing was delayed. Early-sown lentils began flowering and filling seeds earlier in the growing season, at a time when vapour pressure deficits and air temperatures were lower, and used more water in the post-flowering period when compared to those treatments where sowing was delayed. The values of water use efficiency for dry matter and grain production, and transpiration efficiency, for early-sown lentil (up to 30 kg/ha · mm, 11 kg/ha · mm, and 20 kg/ha · mm, respectively) were comparable to those reported for cereal and other grain legume crops in similar environments. The development of earlier flowering cultivars than Digger with greater dry matter production together with improved agronomic packages will increase and stabilise lentil yields in low rainfall environments of southern Australia.

scholarly journals Responses of Soybean Dry Matter Production, Phosphorus Accumulation, and Seed Yield to Sowing Time under Relay Intercropping with Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Raza ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Sajad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Relay Intercropping

Soybean production under maize–soybean relay-intercropping system (MSICS) is vulnerable to shading. A study was initiated to investigate the effects of three sowing-times: ST1, 90; ST2, 70; and ST3, 50 days of co-growth period and two phosphorus-rates: P0, 0; and P60, 60 kg P ha−1 on soybean under MSICS. Results revealed that ST3 significantly increased the photosynthetically active radiations, leaf area index, and photosynthetic rate by 72% and 58%, and 61% and 38%, and 6% and 8%, respectively, at full-flowering and full-pod stage of soybean than ST1. Treatment ST3, increased the total dry-matter (TDM) and the highest TDM was reached at full-seed (R6) stage. Similarly, ST3 considerably increased the dry-matter partitioning to pods and seeds, relative to ST1, soybean under ST3 at R6 had 35% and 30% higher pod and seed dry-matter, respectively. Moreover, ST3 exhibited the maximum seed-yield (mean 1829.5 kg ha−1) for both years of this study. Soybean under ST3 with P60 accumulated 38% higher P, and increased the P content in pods and seeds by 36% and 33%, respectively at R6 than ST1. These results imply that by selecting the appropriate sowing-time and phosphorus-rate for soybean, we can increase the TDM and seed-yield of soybean under MSICS.

Interplay of Rhizobial Inoculants and Fungicide on Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) and Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Nodulation and Seed Yield in Central Ethiopian Highland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Abere Mnalku Ygrem ◽  
Getahun Mitiku Benti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rhizobial Strain ◽  
Ethiopian Highland ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Central High

Field and green house experiments were conducted on faba bean and chickpea during 2016-2017 to investigate the effect of fungicides and rhizobial inoculant interaction on nodulation and biomass accumulation of chickpea under Vertisol condition and (ii) faba bean under Nitisol condition. Chickpea seed was treated with Apron Star, Imidalm and both, and co-dressed with EAL-029 rhizobia simultaneously or a week later. Likewise, in one of the two sets, faba bean seed was treated with Apron Star and simultaneously dressed with FB-1017 or FB-1035 rhizobial strain. The other set had the same strains as pre inoculant and sprayed with Mancozeb at 30th day after sowing. Sole inoculants and N (faba bean) were used as check. The application rates of Apron Star, Imidalm, and inoculant were 2.5, 0.75, and 3.12 g kg-1 of seed while for Mancozeb is 2.5kg/ha. All treatments were replicated 4x and laid in RCB design. The result generally depicted that Apron Star application was compatible to EAL-029 rhizobia on chickpea. Staggered dressing of Apron Star and EAL-029 had better chickpea shoot dry matter accumulation. With regards to faba bean, co-dressing of Apron Star with FB-1017 or FB-1035 produced the highest nodulation. This confirmed the synergy of Apron Star with FB-1017 on Nitisol of central high land of Ethiopia. Moreover, spraying mancozeb on the 30th day after sowing to FB-1017 or FB-1035 preinoculated faba bean plant showed enhanced seed yield on Nitisol.

Dry matter accumulation and seed yield of dwarf autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Harzic ◽  
C. Huyghe ◽  
J. Papineau
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Seed

DM accumulation and seed yield formation of the dwarf autumn-sown white lupin XA100 were compared with those of the tall cultivar Lunoble for 3 yr and at two plant densities to analyse to what extent the DM allocation to seed could be altered by dwarfism. At maturity, XA100 produced an average of 10.5 t ha−1 of above-ground DM, whereas Lunoble produced 12.3 t ha−1. Seed yield of XA100 (3.59 t ha−1) and Lunoble (3.36 t ha−1) were not significantly different, but the harvest index was 0.38 for XA100 and 0.32 for Lunoble. The reduction of the proportion of DM in XA100 stems was associated with an increase in the proportion of DM allocated to pods. The contribution of each pod order to total seed yield was different for XA100 and Lunoble, with XA100 producing more on the third and fourth branch orders. The low mainstem seed yield of XA100 was associated with late pod and seed abortion. XA100 mean seed weight was 0.287 g, and its seed protein concentration was 382 g kg−1, both of which were higher than for Lunoble. XA100 was not selected for its yield potential. However, no agronomic problem associated with dwarfism was detected in this experiment. Consequently, the characteristics of the dward lupin have to be considered for the breeding of autumn-sown white lupin. Key words: White lupin, dwarfism, growth, dry matter partitioning, seed yield, harvest index

scholarly journals Trichoderma-Enriched Biofertilizer: A Prospective Substitute of Inorganic Fertilizer for Mustard (Brassica campestris) Production

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Manjurul Haque ◽  
Md Amdadul Haque ◽  
GNM Ilias ◽  
Abul Hossain Molla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Matter Production

Effects of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer such as biofertilizer/compost [BioF/compost (household/kitchen wastes composted with Trichoderma harzianum T22)] and biofertilizer/liquid [BioF/liquid (T. harzianum T22 broth culture contains spores and mycelia)] alone or in combination with NPK fertilizer were evaluated for the growth, dry matter production, yield and yield attributes of mustard (Brassica campestris) grown under field condition. BioF/compost performed better than that of BioF/liquid. Recommended doses of NPK and 50% BioF/compost + 50% NPK showed similar effects on growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of mustard. Seed yield per plant was increased by 5.34% over the recommended dose of NPK, when the crop was fertilized with 50% BioF/compost along with 50% NPK. However, seed yield per plant was decreased only by 7.3 and 6.6% when BioF/compost, and 75% BioF/compost + 25% NPK were applied as compared to the recommended dose of NPK. Since 20% reduced yield is accepted in organic faming worldwide, the treatments namely BioF/compost, 50% BioF/compost + 50% NPK and 75% BioF/compost + 25% NPK might be recommended for mustard cultivation in Bangladesh, which may reduce cultivation cost and also reduce environmental pollution. Keywords: Mustard; growth; dry matter production; seed yield; biofertilizer DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7579   The Agriculturists 8(2): 66-73 (2010)

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

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