ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE BASS STRAIT NORTHERN FIELDS 3D SEISMIC SURVEY

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
S.H. Mustoe ◽  
M.C. Greenwood ◽  
J.F. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Scallop Larvae ◽  
Spawning Periods ◽  
Large Survey

The Northern Fields 3D seismic survey in Bass Strait was a large survey of 4,000 km2, carried out between the months of October 2001 to July 2002. The program attracted interest from various groups regarding the possible impacts of the survey on fisheries and cetaceans (whales and dolphins).The survey was the first to operate in eastern Bass Strait after the Environment Australia Guidelines for Minimising Acoustic Disturbance to Whales, came into force, in September 2001.The Northern Fields program was conducted in accordance with a method statement for the mitigation of impacts to cetaceans, developed by Esso to meet the requirements of Australian environmental legislation and acknowledge environmental best practice. The program utilised teams of three whale watchers who maintained a continuous rotational watch of two observers throughout the day. This proved to be a reliable element of the program and was one of several key learnings that may assist other companies in developing comprehensive and cost-effective mitigation strategies for future surveys.Concerns raised by the fishing industry and some conservation groups about the potentially detrimental impact of seismic sources on commercial scallop larvae and fish populations were effectively addressed by avoiding commercial scallop areas during spawning periods. A controlled, in-situ study of scallops exposed to the acoustic source completed during the program conclusively demonstrated no significant variation in scallop mortality or muscle strength.Observation data collected during this survey provided a sample of the cetacean population in Eastern Bass Strait during a large part of the annual migration cycle. These observations, which may be relevant to the planning and execution of future seismic surveys in the region, are discussed. The findings also provide valuable information for continued research into the distribution and conservation of whales and dolphins in Bass Strait.

South West Hub CCS Project: Lessons to be learned from the 2014 3D seismic survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Martin Burke ◽  
Dominique Van Gent
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
South West ◽  
Geological Information

The South West Hub (SWH) project is Australia's first carbon capture and storage (CCS) flagship project. Managed by the WA government's Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP), the SWH is assessing the geological properties of a proposed CO2storage site in the southwest of WA to determine its feasibility. This includes collating detailed geological information, partnering with researchers, acquiring baseline data, consulting with communities and stakeholders, and negotiating land access. Recent activities have included a 2D seismic survey in 2011, drilling of a stratigraphic well (Harvey–1) in 2012 and a comprehensive (115 km2) 3D seismic survey in 2014. A further drilling program is planned for the fourth quarter of 2014 until the first quarter of 2015. The 2014 3D seismic survey has been described as one of the most complex land-based seismic surveys conducted in Australia due to environmental factors, and competing land-use and land-access constraints. This extended abstract reviews the recent 3D seismic survey, including the development of the project's scope and procurement processes through to community engagement and implementation, and outlines how the lessons are being incorporated into the upcoming drilling program. It will also discuss legacy issues that have impacted on community attitudes and confidence, and the challenges of working with potentially hostile communities, and also demonstrate how the project adopted and adapted best practice engagement guidelines and toolkits for CCS projects to achieve successful outcomes.

A case history of a cost effective 3D seismic survey over the Perth Basin, Western Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
S.C. Stewart ◽  
B.J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Surveying ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Funded Research Project

As part of an industry funded research project into the application of the technique of LOFOLD3D land seismic surveying, a four fold three dimensional seismic survey was performed in the Perth Basin at Moora, Western Australia in July 1987. The volume covered an area of four kilometres by just under two kilometres, producing a total of 23,000 common midpoint traces. The objective was to collect and process the data in such a manner that a three dimensional structural interpretation would result, which would be the same as that resulting from a conventional three dimensional survey. A cost comparison indicates that a commercial LOFOLD3D survey would reduce the cost of performing a land 3D survey to an estimated 20% of the full fold equivalent, and the technique therefore offers potential for substantial savings if it is adopted on a commercial basis.

Performance of bycatch reduction devices varies for chondrichthyan, reptile, and cetacean mitigation in demersal fish trawls: assimilating subsurface interactions and unaccounted mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey B. Wakefield ◽  
Julia Santana-Garcon ◽  
Stacey R. Dorman ◽  
Stuart Blight ◽  
Ainslie Denham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Bycatch Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Species Specific

To improve bycatch mitigation of chondrichthyans, reptiles and cetaceans for a tropical demersal fish-trawl fishery, species-specific responses to bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) were investigated using both in situ subsurface and onboard observations. There are few, if any, studies that have determined mitigation performances of BRDs from subsurface interactions for these species, as most are rarely encountered and thus require substantial levels of observer coverage for robust assessments. This study combined in-net and onboard (774 day trawls and 1320 day trawl hours of subsurface observer coverage) electronic monitoring on all fish-trawl vessels (n = 3) to compare bycatch mitigation performances among nine megafauna groups, based on escape rates and interaction durations for three BRDs over 6 months (June to December 2012). Overall, 26.9% of day trawls had no megafauna interactions and 38.3% of the 1826 interactions escaped, with most in rapid time (91.4% in ≤ 5 min). The upward inclined exclusion grid significantly improved the escape proportions for most chondrichthyans by 20–30%. All BRDs were highly effective in reducing reptile (turtles and seasnakes) bycatch, but irrelevant for the few sawfish (n = 13) that readily entangled in the anterior of the net. Cetacean (bottlenose dolphins only) interactions with BRDs were very rare (n = 7) despite high levels of attendance and depredation during trawling. Loss of targeted teleosts through the BRD hatch was rare (1.3% of day trawls). This relatively cost-effective method of electronic monitoring achieved very high levels of subsurface observer coverage (60% of day trawls or 56% of day trawl hours), and provided evidence that the subsurface expulsion of megafauna in poor condition is negligible. Furthermore, this study provides species-specific improvements toward bycatch mitigation strategies for demersal fish trawling.

scholarly journals Sparse 3D Seismic Imaging in the Kylylahti Mine Area, Eastern Finland: Comparison of Time Versus Depth Approach

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brij Singh ◽  
Michał Malinowski ◽  
Felix Hloušek ◽  
Emilia Koivisto ◽  
Suvi Heinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Mine Area ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Active Source ◽  
Geophysical Imaging ◽  
Eastern Finland

A 10.5 km2 3D seismic survey was acquired over the Kylylahti mine area (Outokumpu mineral district, eastern Finland) as a part of the COGITO-MIN (COst-effective Geophysical Imaging Techniques for supporting Ongoing MINeral exploration in Europe) project, which aimed at the development of cost-effective geophysical imaging methods for mineral exploration. The cost-effectiveness in our case was related to the fact that an active-source 3D seismic survey was accomplished by using the receiver spread originally designed for a 3D passive survey. The 3D array recorded Vibroseis and dynamite shots from an active-source 2D seismic survey, from a vertical seismic profiling experiment survey, as well as some additional “random” Vibroseis and dynamite shots made to complement the 3D source distribution. The resulting 3D survey was characterized by irregular shooting geometry and relatively large receiver intervals (50 m). Using this dataset, we evaluate the effectiveness of the standard time-imaging approach (post-stack and pre-stack time migration) compared to depth imaging (standard and specialized Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration, KPreSDM). Standard time-domain processing and imaging failed to convincingly portray the first ~1500 m of the subsurface, which was the primary interest of the survey. With a standard KPreSDM, we managed to obtain a good image of the base of the Kylylahti formation bordering the extent of the mineralization-hosting Outokumpu assemblage rocks, but otherwise the image was very noisy in the shallower section. The specialized KPreSDM approach (i.e., coherency-based Fresnel volume migration) resulted in a much cleaner image of the shallow, steeply dipping events, as well as some additional deeper reflectors, possibly representing repetition of the contact between the Outokumpu assemblage and the surrounding Kalevian metasediments at depth.

THE DIRKALA SOUTH OIL DISCOVERY: FOCUSSING ON COST-EFFICIENT RESERVOIR DELINEATION

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
S.I. Mackie ◽  
C.M. Gumley
Keyword(s):  
Production Performance ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Seismic Modelling ◽  
Attribute Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

The Dirkala Field is located in the southern Murta Block of PEL's 5 and 6 in the southern Cooper and Eromanga Basins. Excellent oil produc­tion from a single reservoir sandstone in the Juras­sic Birkhead Formation in Dirkala-1 had indicated a potentially larger resource than could be mapped volumetrically. The hypothesis that the resource was stratigraphically trapped led to the need to define the fluvial sand reservoir seismically and thereby prepare for future development.A small (16 km2) 3D seismic survey was acquired over the area in December 1992. The project was designed not only to evaluate the limits of the Birkhead sand but also to evaluate the cost effi­ciency of recording such small 3D surveys in the basin.Interpretation of the data set integrated with seismic modelling and seismic attribute analysis delineated a thin Birkhead fluvial channel sand reservoir. Geological pay mapping matched volu­metric estimates from production performance data. Structural mapping showed Dirkala-1 to be opti­mally placed and that no further development drill­ing was justifiable.Seismic characteristics comparable with those of the Dirkala-1 Birkhead reservoir were noted in another area of the survey beyond field limits. This led to the proposal to drill an exploration well, Dirkala South-1, which discovered a new oil pool in the Birkhead Formation. A post-well audit of the pre-drill modelling confirmed that the seismic response could be used to determine the presence of the Birkhead channel sand reservoir.The acquisition of the Dirkala-3D seismic survey demonstrated the feasibility of conducting small 3D seismic surveys to identify subtle stratigraphically trapped Eromanga Basin accumulations at lower cost and risk than appraisal/development drilling based on 2D seismic data.

Comparison of two low-fold 3D geometries in Saudi Arabia

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. A63-A67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Crisi ◽  
Shelton E. Hubbell
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Active Channels

Two different 3D seismic survey geometries for relatively low-fold exploration objectives are compared. The sparse geometry (S3D) is executed in swaths using a crew with 960 active channels. It is fast and cost effective, and has been used extensively in Saudi Arabia. The low fold conventional geometry (LFC3D) is acquired in blocks using a crew with about 4000 active channels. LFC3D geometries offer better geophysical attributes, with less variability of offsets and azimuths between common midpoints (CMPs), improved statics control, and higher fold with less source effort. LFC3D geometries have greater flexibility for different survey objectives than S3D geometries, and are competitive with S3D geometries in terms of cost, speed, and data quality.

A window into the Proterozoic: Integrating 3D seismic, gravity, and magnetic data to image subbasement structures in the southeast Fort Worth basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. T125-T141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murari Khatiwada ◽  
G. Randy Keller ◽  
Kurt J. Marfurt
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Gravity Modeling ◽  
Barnett Shale ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Fort Worth Basin ◽  
Basement Structures

The Fort Worth basin (FWB) is one of the most fully developed shale gas fields in North America. Although there are hundreds of drilled wells in the basin, almost none of them reach the Precambrian basement. Imaged by perhaps 100 3D seismic surveys, the focus on the relatively shallow, flat-lying Barnett Shale objective has resulted in little published work on the basement structures underlying the Lower Paleozoic strata. Subtle folds and systems of large joints are present in almost all 3D seismic surveys in the FWB. At the Cambro-Ordovician Ellenburger level, these joints are often diagenetically altered and exhibit collapse features at their intersections. We discovered how the basement structures relate to overlying Paleozoic reservoirs in the Barnett Shale and Ellenburger Group. In support of our investigation, the Marathon Oil Company provided a high-quality, wide-azimuth, 3D seismic data near the southeast fringe of the FWB. In addition to the seismic volume, we integrated the seismic results with gravity, magnetic, well log, and geospatial data to understand the basement and subbasement structures in the southeast FWB. Major tectonic features including the Ouachita frontal thrust belt, Lampasas arch, Llano uplift, and Bend arch surround the southeast FWB. Euler deconvolution and integrated forward gravity modeling helped us extend our interpretation beyond the 3D seismic survey into a regional context.

scholarly journals Fabrication of a liquid cell for in situ transmission electron microscopy

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Kazutaka Mitsuishi ◽  
Masaki Takeguchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Cell ◽  
Si Wafer

Abstract Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) enables imaging of dynamic processes in liquid with high spatial and temporal resolution. The widely used liquid cell (LC) consists of two stacking microchips with a thin wet sample sandwiched between them. The vertically overlapped electron-transparent membrane windows on the microchips provide passage for the electron beam. However, microchips with imprecise dimensions usually cause poor alignment of the windows and difficulty in acquiring high-quality images. In this study, we developed a new and efficient microchip fabrication process for LCTEM with a large viewing area (180 µm × 40 µm) and evaluated the resultant LC. The new positioning reference marks on the surface of the Si wafer dramatically improve the precision of dicing the wafer, making it possible to accurately align the windows on two stacking microchips. The precise alignment led to a liquid thickness of 125.6 nm close to the edge of the viewing area. The performance of our LC was demonstrated by in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging of the dynamic motions of 2-nm Pt particles. This versatile and cost-effective microchip production method can be used to fabricate other types of microchips for in situ electron microscopy.

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