Will Australian liquefied natural gas demand soar under the 21st Annual Conference of the Parties (COP21) targets?

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Francois Tibi ◽  
Nicolas Reid ◽  
Whitney Skinner ◽  
Rob Grosvenor ◽  
Anthony Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Bridge Fuel ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Natural Gas Demand ◽  
The Cost

The ambitious 21st Annual Conference of the Parties (COP21) targets of over 200 countries to limit global warming require a significant reduction in green house gas (GHG) emissions by signatories; these reductions will require major shifts in the way that countries think about their supply mix. Although renewables are often the primary focus of emissions reductions, the role of natural gas in GHG emissions warrants consideration. Gas is ‘triple A’: affordable, abundant and available. It is also lower in GHG than other fossil fuel alternatives. The future success and price stability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects is intrinsically linked to the success of natural gas as a bridge fuel to a lower carbon future; although there was initial optimism about the potential of natural gas as a bridge fuel under COP21, further analysis shows that forecast demand for natural gas and LNG in new policy scenarios is likely lower than original forecasts, placing Australian producers’ existing and future projects in a challenging position; moving down the cost-curve where possible is the best way to ensure resilient demand even in a slower growth future environment.

Gas prices expose Europe’s energy vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indigenous Production ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Cost

Significance The cost of gas-fired generation sets the electricity price in much of Europe today. Falling indigenous production has left Europe reliant on gas imports and exposed it to global liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices set by fast-recovering China. This has left retail-only electricity suppliers vulnerable and increases the risk that falling disposable incomes will undermine post-pandemic recovery. Impacts EU carbon allowance prices will stay strong. Higher energy prices will stoke inflation amid a fragile recovery, posing a dilemma for central banks. Rising gas prices have had ancillary but potentially alarming impacts as some fertiliser and CO2 producers have shut in production.

scholarly journals Liquefied Natural Gas as Ship Fuel: A Maltese Regulatory Gap Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Philip Cassar ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Fabio Ballini ◽  
Seyedvahid Vakili
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
International Aspects

With water covering almost three-quarters of the Earth’s surface and by factoring in that the maritime transport industry is holding the comparative advantage in relation to all other means, activities associated with the seas and oceans of our planet are extremely vital for the normal functioning of global trade. Furthermore, evaluating the opportunities of the so-called “Blue Economy” and possibilities for further growth should be at the epicentre of future development plans. Indicative examples -apart from various endeavours of maritime transport- include other sectors, like shipbuilding and repairs, fishing activities and related processes, as well as oil and gas exploration. All these provide significant economic output and facilitate job creation. It is true that the shipping industry contributes to the carriage of vast quantities of cargo and maintains a crucial role in global trade; however, the specific industry is also responsible for significant quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. IMO (MEPC) in 2018 adopted an initial strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships. This plan envisages a reduction of CO2 emissions per transport work, at least 40% by 2030, pursuing efforts towards even further reduction by 2050, compared to the 2008 levels. It is imperative for shipping and related industries to investigate and introduce more environmentally friendly (“cleaner”) ways of operation. In the search for these cleaner fuels, it is the responsibility of maritime stakeholders to make available (economically viable) fuel alternatives worldwide. In view of an increasing trend in using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a marine fuel, setting up regulations and amend national legislation to allow the provision of LNG as a ship fuel in a safe manner, is a first stage which potential service providing countries have to successfully fulfil. The current analysis is focusing on the small island state of Malta, which apart from certain international aspects introduced by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), it has to abide by European Union’s (EU) regulations and make LNG as a marine fuel available until 2025. Its main aim is to provide ways to cover the identified regulatory gap of the Maltese legislation, relating to ports, ship fuel bunkering and the local gas market.

scholarly journals A Review on Liquefied Natural Gas as Fuels for Dual Fuel Engines: Opportunities, Challenges and Responses

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6127
Author(s):  
Md Arman Arefin ◽  
Md Nurun Nabi ◽  
Md Washim Akram ◽  
Mohammad Towhidul Islam ◽  
Md Wahid Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines ◽  
Sustainable Fuels

Climate change and severe emission regulations in many countries demand fuel and engine researchers to explore sustainable fuels for internal combustion engines. Natural gas could be a source of sustainable fuels, which can be produced from renewable sources. This article presents a complete overview of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a potential fuel for diesel engines. An interesting finding from this review is that engine modification and proper utilization of LNG significantly improve system efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which is extremely helpful to sustainable development. Moreover, some major recent researches are also analyzed to find out drawbacks, advancement and future research potential of the technology. One of the major challenges of LNG is its higher flammability that causes different fatal hazards and when using in dual-fuel engine causes knock. Though researchers have been successful to find out some ways to overcome some challenges, further research is necessary to reduce the hazards and make the fuel more effective and environment-friendly when using as a fuel for a diesel engine.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Introducing LNG as Alternative Fuel for Urban Buses – Case Study in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-847
Author(s):  
Martin Jurkovič ◽  
Tomáš Kalina ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný ◽  
Piotr Gorzelanczyk ◽  
Vladimír Ľupták
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Bus Transport

The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared  by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.

Evaluate the Performance of Vertical and Horizontal Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Tanks by Using a Non-Equilibrium Resistance-Capacitance Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Horizontal Tank ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract Methane is the primary component of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). The undesired methane emissions across the natural gas supply chain has been proven to worsen the lifecycle GHG emissions from the transportation sector compared with diesel. Therefore, having accurate fast-response models to predict the performance of natural gas infrastructure, such as LNG storage facilities, becomes crucial to minimize methane emissions. In this study, a novel non-equilibrium multi-species thermodynamic model based on the resistance-capacitance network is developed to assess the thermal performance of LNG storage tanks. The accuracy of the non-equilibrium model is validated against the experimental data of a storage tank under dynamic hot gas injection. Then, the model is employed to analyze the performance of two identical vertical and horizontal storage tanks in a refueling station under self-pressurization condition. The results show that the pressure rise in the stationary vertical and horizontal tanks is similar. However, the temperature gradient between the vapor phase and LNG in the horizontal tank is less than that in the vertical tank due to the larger vapor-liquid interface. This feature allows the horizontal tank to reduce the tank pressure faster than the vertical tank under sudden pressure increase.

scholarly journals Financial and Economic Indicators of Shipping Companies in 2010-2019 Years

Economics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Bagrat Devadze Bagrat Devadze ◽  
Giorgi Devadze Giorgi Devadze
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Oil Tankers

Financial and Economic analysis of shipping companies conducted based on main maritime industry segments - Crude Oil, Products, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Dry bulk commodities and Container cargo. Each of them is represented as one or several companies, which are the leaders in these business sectors. The revenues of shipping companies specialized in crude oil and product transportation have been increased significantly in 2010-2019 years, which was a result of increasing ship quantities and tonnage as well as income from time-charter. Stability can be seen in the revenues of liquefied natural gas shipping companies. The growth rate of container shipping company income was comparatively low. Moreover, the share of voyage costs have been increased in bulk commodities transportation in 2010-2019 (From 8% to 25%), decreased operating expenses, amortization of assets, charter and general costs. In the cost structure of liner shipping companies’ transportation and terminal expenses have been increased (From 10% to 26%), while the share of fuel, charter and logistics costs have been decreased. The high and stable profitability incurred in liquified natural gas transportation field as well as in oil shipping transporation with modern, new and large size oil tankers. The dry bulk and liner shipping companies were characterized with sharp unsteadiness and comperatively low profitability. The crude oil and product shipping companies had positive financial results in 2014-2016 and 2019 years, in other years they reported loss. The liquified natural gas transportation companies had a stable profit. Within the same period, dry bulk shipping companies were characterized with the lower or even unprofitability. Container shipping companies had unsteady financial results, in particular their net profit was peaking in 2010, 2014 and 2018 years and ended up with loss in 2011 and 2016 years. Keywords: The revenues of shipping companies, voyage costs, operational costs, charter costs, bunker costs, terminal costs, intermodal costs, port costs.

Papua New Guinea politics will enter brittle stability

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Subject The outlook for politics and the economy in Papua New Guinea. Significance Prime Minister Peter O’Neill has consolidated his government since winning elections in mid-2017. However, economic growth in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has slowed, forcing the government to rein in its spending plans. A 19-billion-dollar liquefied natural gas (LNG) project has not generated the expected fiscal windfall, with most of the revenue still needed to repay the cost of the earlier infrastructure investment. Impacts Links with China are likely to strengthen after President Xi Jinping's visit next month. O'Neill will consolidate his position through the courts and police. Bougainville cannot afford independence unless it can negotiate with mining firms to reopen the Panguna copper mine.

Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of Seismically Base-Isolated Large Tanks in Liquefied Natural Gas Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Dagen Weng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Earthquake Force ◽  
Supplemental Dampers ◽  
The Cost

A new methodology is being introduced to address the life-cycle cost (LCC) of base-isolated large liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks. The relationship between LCC and seismic fortification intensity was established to evaluate how much earthquake force being isolated can minimize LCC. Each composition of LCC was analyzed including the initial cost, the isolators' cost, and the excepted damage cost. The isolators' cost consists of the cost of laminated lead rubber bearings (LLRB) and supplemental dampers. The cost of LLRB was proposed proportional to its volume and the proposed cost of supplemental dampers was not only related to its maximum displacement but also to its tonnage. The concept of seismic intensity was being used to estimate the expected damage cost, greatly simplifying the calculation. Moreover, a tank in a LNG receiving terminal in China was employed as an example, the LCC of which was assessed in isolated and nonisolated situation, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method was efficient and the expected damage cost was enormously reduced because of the application of isolation, which leaded to the reduction of the LCC of the tank.

scholarly journals Energy Assessment of BelAZ-75131 Gas-diesel Mining Dump Trucks Operation at Kuzbass Open Casts

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Ilya Kuznetsov ◽  
Ivan Panachev ◽  
Georgiy Dubov ◽  
Sergey Nokhrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Dump Trucks ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
The Cost

The parameters of the BelAZ-75131 heavy dump truck im- proved model using gas-diesel mixture are given in the paper. The moni- toring analysis of the conditions and operation indicators of BelAZ-75131 heavy dump truck using diesel and gaseous fuels is done. Numerical and percentage values of the replacement of diesel fuel with liquefied natural gas when transporting exploded rock mass are determined; the volume of diesel fuel and liquefied natural gas consumption has been established. The analytical dependence to calculate the cost per unit of energy during trans- portation by mining dump trucks with gas equipment is determined. The energy estimation of diesel and gas-diesel mining dump trucks operation is given.

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