Stem cells, stem cell niche and antler development

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyi Li ◽  
Fuhe Yang ◽  
Jimmy Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Transplantation Study ◽  
Antler Development ◽  
Cellular Layer

Annual full regeneration of deer antlers has been proved to be a stem cell-based process, and antler stem cells (ASC) reside in both antlerogenic periosteum (AP) and pedicle periosteum (PP). In this review, we first put forward a hypothesis that the closely associated skin is the primary component of ASC niche and then provide results testing this hypothesis. Membrane insertion experiments confirmed that interactions between ASC and the associated skin are indispensible for both antler generation and regeneration, and these are achieved through exchanging diffusible molecules. Intradermal AP transplantation study demonstrated that both epidermal and dermal papilla cells are involved in these interactions. Further, the AP inversion experiment indicated that the initial inductive signal originates from the ASC resident in the AP cellular layer, although the AP fibrous layer is naturally adjacent to skin. Experimental manipulation to the niche has profound effects on antler development. We believe that eventual identification of these interactive molecules will not only greatly enhance our knowledge of antler development, but also have significant impacts on regenerative medicine in general.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic Mechanisms in the Cyclic Regeneration of Hair Follicles and Deer Antlers from Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyi Li ◽  
Allan Pearson ◽  
Chris McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Cyclic Regeneration ◽  
Cell Niche

We have made comparisons between hair follicles (HFs) and antler units (AUs)—two seemingly unrelated mammalian organs. HFs are tiny and concealed within skin, whereas AUs are gigantic and grown externally for visual display. However, these two organs share some striking similarities. Both consist of permanent and cyclic/temporary components and undergo stem-cell-based organogenesis and cyclic regeneration. Stem cells of both organs reside in the permanent part and the growth centres are located in the temporary part of each respective organ. Organogenesis and regeneration of both organs depend on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Establishment of these interactions requires stem cells and reactive/niche cells (dermal papilla cells for HFs and epidermal cells for AUs) to be juxtaposed, which is achieved through destruction of the cyclic part to bring the reactive cells into close proximity to the respective stem cell niche. Developments of HFs and AUs are regulated by similar endocrine (particularly testosterone) and paracrine (particularly IGF1) factors. Interestingly, these two organs come to interplay during antlerogenesis. In conclusion, we believe that investigators from the fields of both HF and AU biology could greatly benefit from a comprehensive comparison between these two organs.

scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin Improves the Stemness of Human Dermal Papilla Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayanin Kiratipaiboon ◽  
Parkpoom Tengamnuay ◽  
Pithi Chanvorachote
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Improvement in the expansion method of adult stem cells may augment their use in regenerative therapy. Using human dermal papilla cell line as well as primary dermal papilla cells as model systems, the present study demonstrated that ciprofloxacin treatment could prevent the loss of stemness during culture. Clonogenicity and stem cell markers of dermal papilla cells were shown to gradually decrease in the culture in a time-dependent manner. Treatment of the cells with nontoxic concentrations of ciprofloxacin could maintain both stem cell morphology and clonogenicity, as well as all stem cells markers. We found that ciprofloxacin exerted its effect through ATP-dependent tyrosine kinase/glycogen synthase kinase3βdependent mechanism which in turn upregulatedβ-catenin. Besides, ciprofloxacin was shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DPCs as the transcription factors ZEB1 and Snail were significantly increased. Furthermore, the self-renewal proteins of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, namely, Nanog and Oct-4 were significantly upregulated in the ciprofloxacin-treated cells. The effects of ciprofloxacin in preserving stem cell features were confirmed in the primary dermal papilla cells directly obtained from human hair follicles. Together, these results revealed a novel application of ciprofloxacin for stem cell maintenance and provided the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the stemness in dermal papilla cells.

Tissue Stem Cells and Stem Cell Niche of the Human Vocal Fold

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
S. Chitose ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
F. Sato ◽  
T. Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Immunostaining of Lgr5, an Intestinal Stem Cell Marker, in Normal and Premalignant Human Gastrointestinal Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laren Becker ◽  
Qin Huang ◽  
Hiroshi Mashimo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Colonic Adenomas ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Crypt Base

Lgr5 has recently been identified as a murine marker of intestinal stem cells. Its expression has not been well characterized in human gastrointestinal tissues, but has been reported in certain cancers. With the increasing appreciation for the role of cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells in certain tumors, we sought to explore the expression of Lgr5 in normal and premalignant human gastrointestinal tissues. Using standard immunostaining, we compared expression of Lgr5 in normal colon and small intestine vs. small intestinal and colonic adenomas and Barrett's esophagus. In the normal tissue, Lgr5 was expressed in the expected stem cell niche, at the base of crypts, as seen in mice. However, in premalignant lesions, Lgr5+cells were not restricted to the crypt base. Additionally, their overall numbers were increased. In colonic adenomas, Lgr5+cells were commonly found clustered at the luminal surface and rarely at the crypt base. Finally, we compared immunostaining of Lgr5 with that of CD133, a previously characterized marker for tumor-initiating cells in colon cancer, and found that they identified distinct subpopulations of cells that were in close proximity, but did not costain. Our findings suggest that (1) Lgr5 is a potential marker of intestinal stem cells in humans and (2) loss of restriction to the stem cell niche is an early event in the premalignant transformation of stem cells and may play a role in carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Neonatal derived mesenchymal stem cell mesotherapy in androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective observational study and review of literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leelavathy Budamakuntla ◽  
Eswari Loganathan ◽  
Shwetha Suryanarayana ◽  
Aparna Dongre
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
External Source ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Stem Cell Treatment

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Androgenetic alopecia has been a stressful condition for the patients and treating dermatologists alike. With the advent of stem cell therapy in various diseases, and lot of controversies and ethical issues related to it, mesenchymal stem cells MSC have passed the acid test successfully, though with many challenges. Since the stem cells in the hair follicle bulge and the dermal papilla play an important role in hair cycle and growth, introducing an external source of neonatal mesenchymal stem cells seems to be a possibility in the treatment of AGA. Aims: To know the benefits and safety of stem cell treatment in patients who underwent mesotherapy with neonatal MSC in order to establish the safety and efficacy in the treatment of AGA.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We collected data of 40 patients treated with mesoinjections of commercially prepared neonatal MSC, with AGA of grade 2 to 7. Before and after photographs, Patient (PtGA) and Physician (PGA) Global assessment scores were used to evaluate the treatment response.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We found that 70% of the patients showed a mild response and 25% of them showed a moderate improvement in the hair growth and reduction in hair loss after 4 sittings of monthly duration. One subject showed an improvement of 72%. Patients had 6 month follow up. No major adverse events were observed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Since this is an observational study, large randomized controlled studies, with longer follow ups is recommended to make MSC therapy a novel treatment option for AGA. </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Mesenchymal stem cells, Mesotherapy, Androgenetic alopecia

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