scholarly journals Bentonite can decrease ammonia volatilisation losses from poultry litter: laboratory studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Redding
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Water Saturated

Ammonia volatilisation from manure materials within poultry sheds can adversely affect production, and also represents a loss of fertiliser value from the spent litter. This study sought to compare the ability of alum and bentonite to decrease volatilisation losses of ammonia from spent poultry litter. An in-vessel volatilisation trial with air flushing, ammonia collection, and ammonia analysis was conducted over 64 days to evaluate the mitigation potential of these two materials. Water-saturated spent litter was incubated at 25°C in untreated condition (control) or with three treatments: an industry-accepted rate of alum [4% Al2(SO4)3·18H2O by dry mass of litter dry mass; ALUM], air-dry bentonite (127% by dry mass; BENT), or water-saturated bentonite (once again at 127% by dry mass; SATBENT). A high proportion of the nitrogen contained in the untreated spent litter was volatilised (62%). Bentonite additions were superior to alum additions at retaining spent litter ammonia (nitrogen losses: 15%, SATBENT; 34%, BENT; 54%, ALUM). Where production considerations favour comparable high rates of bentonite addition (e.g. where the litter is to be re-formulated as a fertiliser), this clay has potential to decrease ammonia volatilisation either in-shed or in spent litter stockpiles or formulated products, without the associated detrimental effect of alum on phosphorus availability.

Gypsum Additions Reduce Ammonia Nitrogen Losses During Composting of Dairy Manure and Biosolids

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Tubail ◽  
Liming Chen ◽  
Frederick C. Michel ◽  
Harold M. Keener ◽  
Jerome F. Rigot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Losses

Phosphorus and nitrogen losses from poultry litter stacks and leaching through soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Peter J. A. Kleinman ◽  
Douglas B. Beegle ◽  
Jennifer L. Weld ◽  
Andrew N. Sharpley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Nitrogen Losses

Laboratory studies on nitrate redistribution during the freezing process of a water-saturated sand system

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 13818-13824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Huang ◽  
Mingzhu Liu ◽  
Changfu Chen ◽  
Guoxin Huang ◽  
Honghan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Process ◽  
Saturated Sand ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Water Saturated

Prevalence, Concentration, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Florida Poultry Litter

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2179-2186
Author(s):  
ALAN GUTIERREZ ◽  
JAYSANKAR DE ◽  
KEITH R. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number

ABSTRACT For over a decade, Salmonella contamination has increasingly led to outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with fresh produce. The use of untreated animal manures, or biological soil amendments of animal origin, to amend agricultural soils holds a risk of contamination from foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, concentration, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella in poultry litter from Florida farms. Litter pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus (P2O5), total potassium (K2O), moisture content, total solids, total ash, organic matter, and aerobic plate count (APC) were also measured. Litter samples (n = 54) were collected from 18 broiler farms across three seasons (spring, summer, and winter). Salmonella concentrations were enumerated using a most-probable-number (MPN) method, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. The prevalence of Salmonella in litter samples was 61.1%, with a geometric mean of 0.21 ± 20.7 MPN/g. Across all seasons, Salmonella concentrations were not influenced by the chemical, physical, or microbial properties measured. Recovered Salmonella isolates (n = 290) were grouped into serogroups O:4 (43.1%), O:7 (26.9%), O:8 (11.0%), O:1,3,10,19 (7.9%), and O:9,46 (7.2%). Serotyping Salmonella isolates (n = 47) resulted in 12 serotypes, with the most common being Typhimurium (27.7%), Kentucky (17.0%), Enteritidis (14.9%), and Mbandaka (14.9%). Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline (29.8%), sulfisoxazole (23.4%), and streptomycin (14.9%) was observed. No isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobial agents. This study provides valuable information for future risk assessments for the use of poultry litter as an untreated biological soil amendment of animal origin. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Oat Hay Apparent Digestibility, Rumen Ammonia Nitrogen and Bun in Goats Supplemented with Fermented Molasses-Poultry Litter

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-812
Author(s):  
J. Santos Serrato-Co ◽  
Juan Isidro Sanchez Du ◽  
Manuel Murillo Or ◽  
Edmundo Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Ammonia Nitrogen

scholarly journals Development of Moringa OleiferaLAM. seedlings in different substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
Neisiany Rebelo Pimentel ◽  
Daniela Pauletto ◽  
Àdria Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Thiago Gomes da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Orlanilson da Silva Brito
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arid Soils ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Base Substrate

Moringa oleiferaLam., known as moringa, is an arboreal plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, native to India,and has a high capacity to adapt to climatic conditions and arid soils. In this study we evaluated the initial development of seedlings of M. oleiferaLam. under different substrates conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of eight treatments resulting from combinations of the base substrate (85% soil, 3% carbonized rice straw and 12% coconut fiber). At 60 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part and root system, total dry mass were evaluated, in addition to the Dickson quality index (IQD). The best seedling growth occurred using the combination of 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure. Seedlings produced with substrates formulated with 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure showed gains in the evaluated variables, which could be a viable alternative for the production of moringa seedlings.

scholarly journals Compaction of water-saturated soil by surface vacuuming

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 03006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Cherkasova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
The Press ◽  
Soil Venting ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Equivalent Load ◽  
Water Saturated

The results of laboratory studies of compaction of weak water-saturated soils using surface vacuuming are presented. Experiments on the compaction of water-saturated peat by the method of surface vacuuming under the screens were carried out on a special installation. The vacuum was created under round sealed screens of different sizes and stiffness. As the results of the experiments showed, the mechanism of compaction of weak water-saturated soils during vacuuming from the surface under the protection of a sealed coating is determined by the action of volumetric filtration forces. When vacuuming, in contrast to the compaction load, there is no soil venting around the perimeter of the compacted surface area, which significantly increases the efficiency of this method. And the use of flexible screens (geo-membrane) opens up opportunities for construction. A series of compression tests was carried out to identify the similarities and differences in the consolidation processes when compacting different materials by vacuuming and equivalent load created by the press.

scholarly journals Oxygen Transfer Capacity as a Measure of Water Aeration by Floating Reed Plants: Initial Laboratory Studies

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Antonio Albuquerque ◽  
Peter Randerson ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Subsurface Environment ◽  
Floating Vegetation ◽  
Reed Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Capacity

Reed-Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud, an aquatic plant, commonly used in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, supplies oxygen into the subsurface environment. Reed may be used as a ‘green machine’ in the form of a floating vegetation cover with many applications: wastewater lagoons, manure lagoons or sewage sludge lagoons. An important measure of the performance of the plant system is the oxygen transfer capacity (OTC). Accurate prediction of the OTC in relation to reed biomass would be crucial in modelling its influence on organic matter degradation and ammonia–nitrogen oxygenation in such lagoons. Laboratory experiments aiming to determine OTC and its dependence on reed biomass were carried out. Eight plants with a total dry mass ranging from approximately 3 to 7 g were tested. Mean OTC was determined per plant: 0.18 ± 0.21 (g O2·m−3·h−1·plant−1), with respect to leaves-and-stem dry mass (dlsm): 44.91 ± 35.21 (g O2·m−3·h−1·g dlsm−1), and to total dry mass (dtm): 33.25 ± 27.97 (g O2·m−3·h−1·g dtm−1). In relation to the relatively small root dry mass (drm), the OTC value was 136.02 ± 147.19 (g O2·m−3·h−1·g drm−1). Measured OTC values varied widely between the individual plants (variation coefficient 115%), in accordance with their differing size. Oxygenation performance was greatest in the reed plants with larger above ground dry mass (>4 g dlsm), but no influence of the root dry mass on the OTC rate was found.

CHANGE IN STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF DISPERSED SOILS AFTER HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V. M Polunin ◽  
A. P Cheremhina
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
High Frequency Vibration ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Water Saturated

The use of the technology of high-frequency sheet piles driving or extraction in conditions of weak, structurally unstable soils inevitably leads to a change in the structure of the soil. This is especially true for buildings which fall into the zone of influence. Often, foundation for historical buildings is water-saturated sands, spread by fluid and fluid-plastic clay soils. In the process of external dynamic action, the soil foundation is been destructing, so their strength and deformation parameters are reduced. In this case, the result of vibration effects on a dispersed water-saturated sample can be both compaction for sandy soil and decompaction of clay soils. These changes lead to additional deformations of buildings and structures of the surrounding area. Therefore, the issue of assessing the limits of applicability of vibration technology in certain conditions is relevant. The object of the study is the changes in the properties of clay soils of various consistencies after exposure to vibration. The results of laboratory studies to determine the strength parameters of dispersed soils after high-frequency vibration are presented. The results of field measurements by CPT "before", "after" vibration immersion and vibration extraction of sheet piles are considered. Comparison of the results of field and laboratory studies is carried out to identify patterns of change in the strength characteristics of weak soils under the influence of vibration loads. A tendency towards a decrease in the strength parameters of dispersed soils is shown. Currently, due to the insufficient number of laboratory and field studies to study the effect of high-frequency vibration on the change in the strength parameters of weak water-saturated clay soils, it is not possible to identify a clear dependence of the change in parameters on the time and frequency of vibration.

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