Development of Moringa OleiferaLAM. seedlings in different substrates

Moringa oleiferaLam., known as moringa, is an arboreal plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, native to India,and has a high capacity to adapt to climatic conditions and arid soils. In this study we evaluated the initial development of seedlings of M. oleiferaLam. under different substrates conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of eight treatments resulting from combinations of the base substrate (85% soil, 3% carbonized rice straw and 12% coconut fiber). At 60 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part and root system, total dry mass were evaluated, in addition to the Dickson quality index (IQD). The best seedling growth occurred using the combination of 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure. Seedlings produced with substrates formulated with 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure showed gains in the evaluated variables, which could be a viable alternative for the production of moringa seedlings.

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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Water Restriction Affects Germination and Initial Sunflower Development

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i3.16050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽

Danillo De La Queyferr Goncalves ◽

Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽

Rivanildo Dallacort ◽

Ricardo Adriano Felito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Paper Towels ◽

Osmotic Potentials

Sunflower is a crop of great economic interest both nationally and internationally, due to its use especially in oil production. However, factors such as water restriction are commonly found in growing areas and exert a negative influence on the productive performance of the crop, especially in critical periods, such as the germination and initial development of the seedlings. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germinate behavior of seeds of sunflower cultivars as a function of lower osmotic potentials. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, in a 3x5 factorial scheme, three sunflower cultivars (Charrua, Nussol and Olisiun 4) and five osmotic potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2 MPa) with 3 replicates. For the study, solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) were repaired. Rolls of paper towels were moistened with the concentrations and later kept in a germination chamber at 25 °C, where they remained for ten days. First counts (4th day) and total counts (10th day) were performed, and the germination rate (%) was verified. In addition, in the last evaluation, aerial and root length, green mass and dry mass of seedlings were determined. Based on the results obtained it can be verified that in osmotic potential higher than -0.8 MPa, no germination occurred. Nussol germinated more in more negative concentrations, with a germination rate of 90%, differing from the cultivars Charrua and Olisiun 4, which, in larger potentials, reached only 30% of germination.

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Industrial residues as substrate components for the production of Ilex paraguariensis seedlings

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i.3215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3215

Author(s):

Monica Moreno Gabira ◽

João Felipe Penteado Gomes ◽

Dagma Kratz ◽

Ivar Wendling ◽

Carlos André Stuepp

Keyword(s):

New Products ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Yerba Mate ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Industrial Residues ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Production Period

Ilex paraguariensis is an important forest species in Brazil. Recently, the development of new products has increased seedlings demand and consequently, the interest in new products to use as substrates like residues from industries. We aimed to evaluate the viability of using industrial residues as substrates to produce yerba mate seedlings. We formulated thirteen substrates with coconut fiber, carbonized and decomposed yerba mate industrial residues in different ratios, which were compared to two commercial substrates, in a completely randomized design. The stratified seeds were placed in 110 cm³ tubes filled with the substrates. Plants were kept in a greenhouse for 135 days, shade house (70%) for 30 days, and rustification area in full sunlight for 15 days, under fertigation after 30 days of sowing. We evaluated montlhy the survival, height, and stem diameter, and at the end of the production period, we evaluated shoot and root dry mass. From the data obtained, we calculated the total dry mass and ‘Dickson quality index’. The substrates formulated with coconut fiber and decomposed yerba mate industrial residue can be used to produce yerba mate seedlings, but it depends on the ratio of the substrate components. Substrates with higher total porosity and microporosity provided seedlings with biometric characteristics similar to those produced in commercial substrates. The carbonized yerba mate residue reduced seedling growth when used in a percentage equal to or higher than 50% in the substrate.

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EMERGÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM FUNÇÃO DA POSIÇÃO DA SEMENTE E QUANTIDADE DE PALHA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

Scientia Agraria ◽

10.5380/rsa.v12i2.33721 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Micheli Satomi YAMAUTI ◽

Arthur Arrobas Martins BARROSO ◽

Paulo Roberto Fidelis GIANCOTTI ◽

Vanessa Luzia SQUASSONI ◽

Lucas Tadeu Mazza REVOLTI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Variance Analysis ◽

Initial Development ◽

Eleusine Indica ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Additional Control ◽

Seed Position ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Completely Randomized Design

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes densidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar e do posicionamento das sementes de Euphorbia heterophylla, Mucuna cinereum, Digitaria nuda e Eleusine indica sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 com testemunha adicional; o primeiro fator foi constituído pelas posições das sementes em relação a palha (abaixo, entre e sobre) e o segundo pelas quantidades de palha (1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 t ha -1) e a testemunha sem palha. Aos 15 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram realizadas avaliações de altura, massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de emergência para E. heterophylla e M. cinereum e, aos 28 DAS, avaliações de massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de emergência para D. nuda e E. indica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste F na análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas com o auxílio do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Constatou-se que a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial de E. heterophylla e M. cinereum foram reduzidos com o aumento da quantidade de palha e foram afetados com o posicionamento das sementes, mas não foram inibidos em nenhuma das condições, indicando uma maior agressividade destas daninhas em condições de colheita mecanizada. Já a emergência de espécies D. nuda e E. indica não sofreu interferência do posicionamento da semente e a cobertura do solo com 8 e 16 t ha -1 de palha de cana inibiu a emergência de suas plântulas.germinação. ABSTRACT This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of sugarcane straw density and positions of seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla, Mucuna cinereum, Digitaria nuda and Eleusine indica on emergence and initial development of plants. The experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design, with 15 treatments and four replications, in a factorial arrangement 3 x 5 with a additional control; the first factor was constituted by position of seeds related to the straw (under, between and on) and the second by five quantities of straw (1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 t ha -1) with a control without straw. At 15 days after sowing (DAS) it was realized evaluations of height, dry mass and emergence percentage for E. heterophylla and M. cinereum, and at 28 DAS it was analyzed dry mass and emergence percentage for D nuda e E. indica. Data obtained were submitted to F in variance analysis test and means were compared with Tukey at 5% probability. Emergence and initial development of E. heterophylla e M. cinereum were reduced with increasing of straw and were affected by seed position, but it was not inhibited in none of conditions, indicating aggressiveness of these weeds in sugarcane mechanized harvest conditions. D. nuda and E. indica emergence was not affected by seed position and coverage soil with 8 e 16 t ha -1 of sugarcane straw inhibited its emergence.

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Adição de gesso agrícola e cinza de madeira ao substrato no desenvolvimento de mudas de baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog)

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i2.2915 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 206-212

Author(s):

C. A. Freitas ◽

C. J. Silva ◽

C. A. Silva ◽

J. A. Almeida ◽

N. S. Rincon

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Main Root ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Dipteryx Alata

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog) em função de proporções de gesso (0%; 1,6%; 3,2%; 4,8% e 6,4%) com base em volume e adubação com cinza de madeira (ausência e presença) misturadas ao substrato Bioplant®. Constituiu-se assim um esquema fatorial 5x2, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O experimento foi conduzido de janeiro a março de 2009, em viveiro com cobertura e laterais de sombrite preto (50% da luminosidade natural), situado na Fazenda Japão, município de Orizona, Goiás. Como recipiente foram utilizados sacos de polietileno de 15 x 25 cm, onde colocou-se uma sementes por recipiente, ficando a extremidade superior da semente cerca de 2,0 cm de profundidade. As irrigações foram realizadas diariamente, no período da tarde. Aos 152 dias após a semeadura, avaliou-se altura de muda (AM), diâmetro de caule (DC), número de folha (NF), número de folíolos por folha (NFF), número de folíolos por planta (NFP), comprimento da raiz principal (CR), massa da matéria seca das raízes (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MSTO) e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). O gesso agrícola proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento inicial das mudas de baruzeiro, no entanto sua associação com cinzas de madeira, juntamente com o substrato, não favoreceu o desenvolvimento das mudas.Addition of agricultural plaster and wood ash to substrate in baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog) seedlings developingAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the baruzeiro seedlings development in function of plaster proportions (0%, 1.6%, 3.2%, 4.8% and 6.4 %) based on volume and fertilization with wood ash (absence and presence) added to the substrate Bioplant ®. It constitutes therefore a 5x2 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design with three replications and four plants per plot. The experiment was conducted from January to March 2009, in coverage nursery and side with shade screen (50% of natural light), located in Fazenda Japão, Orizona county, Goiás. As container was used polythene bags of 15 x 25 cm, which was placed one seeds per container, with the upper end of the seed approximately 2.0 cm depth. The irrigation was performed daily in the afternoon. At 152 days after sowing, was evaluated seedling height (SH), stem diameter (SD), sheet number (SN), number of leaflets per leaf (NLL), number of leaves per plant (NLP), length the main root (LR), dry mass of roots (DMR), dry mass of aerea part (DMAP), total dry matter (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The plaster provided better initial development of seedlings baruzeiro, however its association with wood ashes, along with the substrate, didn't favor the growth of seedlings.

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Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582010000300008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.C.R. Dias ◽

S.J.P. Carvalho ◽

L.W. Marcolini ◽

M.S.C. Melo ◽

P.J. Christoffoleti

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Total Density ◽

Weed Species ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Commelina Benghalensis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

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INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000300003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. V. SILVA ◽

P. A. MONQUERO ◽

F. B. SILVA ◽

N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽

M. R. MALARDO

Keyword(s):

Ricinus Communis ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

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Managment of sulphur fertilizer in forage sorghum crop cultivated in eutrophic Cambisol with alkaline pH

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1530 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1258-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽

Boanerges Freire de Aquino ◽

Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽

Izabel Maria Almeida Lima ◽

Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sulphur Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soil fertilization with sulfur-based fertilizers, sulfate and elemental sulfur forms on biomass production, nutrient characteristics of sorghum and soil chemical properties. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (four sulfur sources: single superphosphate, agricultural gypsum, elemental sulfur powder and elemental sulfur granulated with bentonite, and four sulfur doses: 0, 40, 80, 120 mgdm-3) using four replications in a completely randomized design, being cultivated in pots under greenhouse conditions. The sorghum was cultivated for a period of 51 days after emergence of the seedlings. The shoot dry mass, shoot macronutrients content, root and soil and pH of the soil were evaluated. There were interactions between sources and sulfur doses in the variables such as shoot dry mass, sulfur in the root, sulfur and calcium in the soil. Elemental sulfur (granulate) showed lower concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur and N:S ratio in the shoot. The concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium did not show significant differences, both for the shoot and the root. The pH of the soil was reduced depending on the sources and doses of elemental sulfur. The sources and doses of sulfur did not influence the levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil. The elemental sulfur in the form of powder is the best source of sulfur for forage sorghum cultivated in soil with alkaline pH.

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Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2011000500016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽

Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽

Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽

Leandro de Almeida Resende

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

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Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽

Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽

Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽

Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽

Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Radiation Factor ◽

Factor B ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Factor C ◽

Resource Conditions ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

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