Polymerisation effects of four microsatellites on litter size in Xinong Saanen goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
J. X. Hou ◽  
J. G. Wang ◽  
X. P. An ◽  
G. Q. Zhu ◽  
B. Y. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Marker ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Combined Genotypes ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

In this study, the polymerisation effects of four microsatellites (OarAE101, BM1329, BM143 and LSCV043) on litter size in Xinong Saanen goats were analysed by means of microsatellite marker and pedigrees, then associations between combined genotypes and litter size were performed. The results indicate that the individuals with A5A1B10B5C5C1D6D2 (3.10 ± 0.07) had greater litter sizes than those with other combined genotypes in terms of average parity (P < 0.05). Comparing A5A1B10B5C5C1D6D2 with A7A2B10B5C5C1D6D2, the polymerisation effect value of the A5A1 genotype litter size was 18.09% higher than that of the A7A2 genotype. Comparing A5A1B6B1C6C1D6D2 of the F1 generation with A5A1B6B1C7C3D6D2 of the F2 generation, it was shown that the polymerisation effect value of the C6C1 genotype was 37.93% higher than that of the C7C3 genotype. Comparing A5A1B6B1C8C4D4D1 of the F1 generation with A5A1B6B1C8C4D9D5 of the F2 generation, it was shown that the polymerisation effect value of the D4D1 genotype was 68.07% higher than that of the D9D5 genotype. These results suggested that A5A1B10B5C5C1D6D2 is a useful marker affecting caprine litter size.

Maternal food restriction in rats of the F0 generation increases retroperitoneal fat, the number and size of adipocytes and induces periventricular astrogliosis in female F1 and male F2 generations

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Joaquim ◽  
C. P. Coelho ◽  
P. Dias Motta ◽  
L. F. Felício ◽  
E. F. Bondan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Gfap Expression ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

The present study investigated whether male offspring (F2 generation) from female rats (F1 generation) whose mothers (F0 generation) were food restricted during gestation inherit a phenotypic transgenerational tendency towards being overweight and obese in the juvenile period, in the absence of food restriction in the F1/F2 generations. Dams of the F0 generation were 40% food restricted during pregnancy. Bodyweight, the number and size of larger and small hypodermal adipocytes (HAs), total retroperitoneal fat (RPF) weight and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in periventricular hypothalamic astrocytes (PHAs), as determined by immunohistochemistry, were evaluated in both generations. In the female F1 generation, there was low bodyweight gain only during the juvenile period (30–65 days of age), a decrease in the size of small adipocytes, an increase in the number of small adipocytes, an increase in RPF weight and an increase in GFAP expression in PHAs at 90–95 days of age. In males of the F2 generation at 50 days of age, there was increased bodyweight and RPF weight, and a small number of adipocytes and GFAP expression in PHAs. These data indicate that the phenotypic transgenerational tendency towards being overweight and obese was observed in females (F1) from mothers (F0) that were prenatally food restricted was transmitted to their male offspring.

scholarly journals Selection responses for egg production of Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red breeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
ME Haque ◽  
GK Deb ◽  
MN Hasan ◽  
MH Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Selection Responses ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Foundation Stock ◽  
F1 Generation

This experiment estimated the selection responses for egg production of Fayoumi (Fay) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds. A total of 3000; belonging Fay 2000 & RIR 1000 day old chicks were collected from Egypt and Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka respectively, considered as foundation stock. The chicks were brooded for 5 weeks and reared up to 14 weeks of age providing standard feeding and management. After brooding, 640 Fay and 504 RIR pullets were reared in 40 and 36 individual pens respectively, considering as a family. Finally, 30 and 24 best families of Fay and RIR respectively were selected with 420 Fay and 288 RIR pullets at 15 weeks of age, on the basis of age at 1st egg lay, egg production and fertility. Salmonella and mycoplasma free eggs were collected on the basis of blood test (agglutinate test) from the selected families of both the breeds and hatched out for next generation. The experiment was continued up to 40 weeks of age for each generation. The study revealed that hen day egg production of Fay and RIR was higher in Foundation stock (64.39% in Fay and 68.54% in RIR) than that of F1 generation (58.6% in Fay and 46.8% in RIR) but no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed for livability between Foundation stock and F1 generation. Reasons for lower productivity in F1 generation may be the poor management practices during growing period. In F2 generation, egg production was higher in both the breeds (64.09% in Fay and 62.05% in RIR) than in F1 generation. Egg production of RIR was not recorded for F3 generation, as their ability to adopt under farmers condition was very poor. However, in F3 generation, egg production of Fay was higher (65.82%) than in F2 generation. Genetic gain in Fay was 0.06%, 0.11% and 0.12% for F1, F2 and F3 generation, respectively. In case of RIR genetic gain was 0.07% in F1 and 0.18% in F2 generation. Due to selection slight genetic gain for egg production was obtained in Fay and RIR but further research with larger stock is needed for better understanding of selection responses of these breeds.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 66-73, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals Tavaborole, a Novel Boron-Containing Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Agent for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-557
Author(s):  
Vic Ciaravino ◽  
Dina Coronado ◽  
Cheryl Lanphear ◽  
Alan Hoberman ◽  
Sanjay Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

Tavaborole is a topical antifungal agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. The effects of tavaborole on gestation, parturition (delivery, labor), offspring development, and survival during the perinatal and postnatal periods were assessed in mated female rats. Females (F0 generation) were administered single daily oral (gavage) doses of 15, 60, or 100 mg/kg/d from gestation day 6 through lactation day 20. The females were allowed to deliver naturally and rear their offspring until lactation day 21, at which time the F0 females were euthanized. One male and female from each litter were selected (F1 generation) and retained for assessments, including growth, neurobehavior, fertility, and their ability to produce an F2 generation. Reproductive and offspring parameters were determined for the F1 and F2 generations, as applicable. F1 females and F2 pups were euthanized on postnatal day 7. In the F0 females, decreased activity was observed in the 100 mg/kg/d dose group. Excess salivation was observed in the 60 and 100 mg/kg/d dose groups (slight to moderate), however, this finding was not considered adverse. There were no tavaborole-related effects on the growth, viability, development, neurobehavioral assessments, or reproductive performance of the F1 generation. Survivability and mean body weight of the F2 pups were unaffected. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity (F0 generation) was 60 mg/kg/d, based on the decreased activity observed in the 100 mg/kg/d dose group. The NOAEL for the offspring effects was ≥100 mg/kg/d, based on the lack of test article-related changes.

scholarly journals A new strategy of heterosis research in mice – approach and results on chromosome 19

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brunsch ◽  
U. Philipp ◽  
P. Reinecke ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
H. Geldermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 19 ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Qtl Effects

Abstract. The following steps were performed to analyse heterosis and QTL effects in litter size of mice: intercross of mouse inbred strains C57BL/6J and Balb/cJ in order to produce a F2 generation with 948 female animals; selection of trait groups with extreme high ((13 offspring) and extreme low litter size (5 offspring)); typing of 56 microsatellites with an average distance of 32 cM; detection of different chromosome regions with associations to heterosis in litter size. Chromosome 19 was associated to heterosis in litter size. Additional animals with extreme high and low litter sizes were then typed for four DNA markers on chromosome 19 and used for QTL mapping. A QTL was identified for litter size in segment D19Mit28 &amp;ndash: D19Mit99 with a maximum at 15 cM (p ≤ 0.05). The QTL explains about 11% of the phenotypic variance in the F2 generation. With a degree of dominance of 4.09 the QTL shows that superdominance can explain heterosis in litter size.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic studies on two rubus arcticus-hybrids

1948 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Antero Vaarama
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Chromosome Mutation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Strong Segregation ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
F1 Generation

The subject of the study has been the F1- and F2-generations of an artificial diploid Ruhus idaeus x arcticus hybrid and the regeneration of a spontaneous triploid R. saxatilis x arcticus hybrid. In these the meiosis in the PMC has been studied. In the F2-generation of the former hybrid observations on the inheritance of a number of species characters have been made. The meiosis of the F1-generation in R. idaeus x arcticus is regular. In 83.4 % of the divisions chromosome pairing is complete and 7 bivalents are formed. In 10.6 % of the cells 6 bivalents and 2 univalents are observed. In 6.0 % of the cells the division of one bivalent was irregular. In the meiotic divisions of the F2-generation no disturbances were observed. In the meiosis of R. saxatilis x arcticus varying numbers of univalents, bivalents and trivalents are seen. The trivalents sometimes form inversion bridges and are delayed in their division. Some chromosomes are consequently eliminated and the chromosomes are divided unequally between the poles. The second division is more regular; sometimes, however, a few chromosomes are eliminated. The F1-generation of R. idaeus x arcticus now studied is very sterile. In part this sterility depends on chromosomal irregularities. Mainly, however, it is caused by the fact that the anthers and the pollen suffer from drought during the summer and consequently no fertilization can take place. In autumn when the humidity of the air becomes higher, some fruit formation takes place. This sterility is here called seasonal sterility and it is thought to depend on an unfavourable gene combination formed by the idaeus and arcticus chromosome complements. In the F2- generation fertility is restored owing to the breakdown of this combination. R. saxatilis X arcticus is completely sterile owing to irregular meiosis. In the F2generation of R. idaeus x arcticus a strong segregation of the species characters takes place. The observations indicate that the two species have a number of allelomorphs in common. It is assumed that the inheritance of some characters is connected with the action of several modifier genes. It has been established that R. arcticus belonging to the Cylactis section of the genus Rubus and R. idaeus belonging to the Idaeobatus section have been derived from common ancestral forms at some time before the pleistocene period. The differentiation has probably been caused by a gene or chromosome mutation leading to seasonal sterility. Speciation has then continued mainly through gene mutations. Rearrangements in chromosome structure have been so small that the ability of the chromosomes to conjugate has not been changed.

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Tolerance in Cotton: Sources and Heritability

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl T. Bowman ◽  
Jack C. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) resistance or tolerance in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is often associated with extreme pubescence. This is undesirable because hairy (pubescent) plants tend to have more trash in harvested lint which reduces the price received by growers. Two other possible sources of resistance include gossypol and thick lower epidermal cells, the latter has been found in G. barbadense L. Five G. barbadense genotypes were mated in a North Carolina Design II to 4 upland cultivars to evaluate combining ability. In addition, 90 converted racestocks were screened for tolerance to thrips. Experiments were designed to evaluate tolerance or resistance by comparing plots with and without thrips. Two G. barbadense parents had tolerance to thrips while two upland cultivars also exhibited tolerance. In the F1 generation, general combining ability was significant for thrips damage ratings among the G. barbadense parents. In the F2 generation, all characters exhibited specific combining ability. Thus, non-additive genetic variance predominates measures of thrips tolerance.

Selection parameter analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar ◽  
Manish Srivastava ◽  
Mahak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Selection Parameter ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
F1 Generation

High heritability estimates were observed for days to maturity, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant and oil content in both the generations and number of secondary branches and plant height only F1 generation In F2 generation, high heritability was observed for plant height, number of seeds per siliqua and number of secondary branches. The maximum genetic advance coupled with high heritability was observed for number of siliquae per plant in F2 generation. Correlation study indicated that Seed yield per plant showed a positive and highly significant association with 1000-seed weight.

Breeding for creeping root in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). I. The inital response to selection

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Daday
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Short Days ◽  
F1 Generation

A lucerne-breeding programme was initiated in Canberra to combine the creeping-rooted habit of the variety Rambler with the summer and winter vigour of the varieties Hunter River, Hairy Peruvian, and African. The incidence of creeping-rooted plants in the "F1" generation was only 5%, which indicated marked non-additive gene effects concerned with the expression of the character. An "F2" generation, formed by interbreeding creeping plants from the "F1", showed only 6% of creeping individuals. Selection and recombination of the available creepers resulted in an average of 41% creeping-rooted plants in the "F3" families, with a range between families from 0 to 81%. In the "F2" generation approximately 50% of the phenotypic variance for creeping root was found to be additive genetic, and the response to selection was high. However, the persistence of non-additive genetic effects was indicated by a statistical analysis of the '"F3" generation. The genotypic correlation coefficients between creeping and summer forage scores, and creeping and winter forage scores, were –0.09 and 0.59 respectively, and that between summer and winter forage scores was 0.48. Thus an association between creeping rootedness and plant vigour is possible. For Rambler, both the incidence and degree of creep were found to be intensified by short days and low temperature, but this effect was not so apparent in the breeding material used in this study.

scholarly journals Differences in sensitivity of F1 and F2 generations of herbicide tolerant sunflower volunteers to selected acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jursík ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Soukup ◽  
J. Andr ◽  
J. Holec
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
F1 Generation

The aim of this work is to describe the differences in sensitivity of Clearfield, ExpressSun and non-herbicide tolerant (HT) sunflower cultivars to several acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides and to find out the differences in sensitivity in F1 and F2 generations of these cultivars. Non-HT sunflower was very sensitive to most of the tested herbicides, except for nicosulfuron (efficacy 43&ndash;75%). F2 generation of non-HT sunflower showed a low level of sensitivity to imazamox (efficacy 10&ndash;43%) and to nicosulfuron, tribenuron, thifensulfuron and rimsulfuron under dry conditions (efficacy 43&ndash;83%). Sensitivity of Clearfield sunflower (cultivar with tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides) to tested sulfonylurea varied according to used herbicide and weather conditions. The highest efficacy on Clearfield sunflower showed iodosulfuron (97&ndash;100%) &gt; florasulam (88&ndash;100%) &gt; foramsulfuron (40&ndash;98%) &gt; thifensulfuron (12&ndash;99%) &gt; rimsulfuron (37&ndash;99%) &gt; tribenuron (0&ndash;87%) &gt; nicosulfuron (0&ndash;78%). ExpressSun sunflower (cultivar with tolerance to tribenuron) was the most tolerant to all tested herbicides. The lowest efficacy on F1 generation showed tribenuron (0%) &gt; imazamox (0&ndash;17%) &gt; nicosulfuron (0&ndash;43%) &gt; thifensulfuron (0&ndash;57%) &gt; rimsulfuron (0&ndash;70%) &gt; foramsulfuron (8&ndash;75%) &gt; florasulam (75&ndash;96%) &gt; iodosulfuron (87&ndash;98%). Sensitivity of F2 generation of ExpressSun to tested herbicide was usually higher as compared to F1 generation.

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