Comparison of in vivo and in silico growth performance and variability in pigs when applying a feeding strategy designed by simulation to control the variability of slaughter weight

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brossard ◽  
B. Vautier ◽  
J. van Milgen ◽  
Y. Salaun ◽  
N. Quiniou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
In Silico Simulation ◽  
Ad Libitum

Variability in bodyweight (BW) among pigs complicates the management of feeding strategies and slaughter. Including variability among individuals in modelling approaches can help to design feeding strategies to control performance level, but also its variability. The InraPorc model was used to perform simulations on 10 batches of 84 crossbred pigs each to characterise the effect of feeding strategies differing in amino acid supply or feed allowance on the mean and variation in growth rate. Results suggested that a feed restriction reduces the coefficient of variation of BW at first departure for slaughter (BW1) by 34%. Growth performance obtained from an in silico simulation using ad libitum and restricted feeding plans was compared with results obtained in an in vivo experiment on a batch of 168 pigs. Pigs were offered feed ad libitum or were restricted (increase in feed allowance by 27 g/day up to a maximum of 2.4 and 2.7 kg/day for gilts and barrows, respectively). A two-phase feeding strategy was applied, with 0.9 and 0.7 g of digestible lysine per MJ of net energy (NE) in diets provided before or after 65 kg BW, respectively. Actual growth was similar to that obtained by simulation. Coefficient of variation of BW1 was similar in vivo and in silico for the ad libitum feeding strategy but was underestimated by 1 percentage point in silico for the restriction strategy. This study confirms the relevance of using simulations performed to predict the level and variability in performance of group housed pigs.

scholarly journals PSV-1 Effects of the protein level on growth performance and carcass grading in fattening pig fed ad libitum

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
Arnaud Samson ◽  
Claire Launay ◽  
Francesc Payola ◽  
Eric Schetelat ◽  
Hervé Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with synthetic amino acids (AA) supplementation is beneficial for sustainable swine industry. However some discrepancies regarding the consequences on growth performance are observed. Therefore, this trial aimed to assess the effect of dietary CP level on growth performance of pigs from 35 to 113 kg BW. Growth performance of 63 pigs fed ad libitum and allocated to three groups (HH, MM and LL) was compared. Each group received one level of CP (‘H’ for High, ‘M’ for Medium and ‘L’ for Low) during growing (d0–d35) and finishing (d35–slaugther day) periods: 15.1%, 16.2%, 17.2% and 13.0%, 14.0%, 15.1% respectively. Diets were mostly based on wheat, corn and soybean meal. Within each feeding phase, diets were formulated to be similar in apparent total tract digestible phosphorus, net energy and standardized ileal digestible (SID) essential AA, the SID Lys levels being 0.95% and 0.78% during the growing and finishing period respectively. Data were analyzed using a linear model (R, 3.1.2) with individual as the experimental unit as feed intake, body weight and carcass grading were individually recorded. From d0 to d14 and from d35 to d63, average daily gain (ADG) and Growth:Feed ratio (G:F) were significantly reduced as the CP level decreased (P < 0.05) while average daily feed intake (ADFI) remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. From d14 to d35 and in late finishing period (d63-slaugther day), growth performance was not significantly affected by the dietary CP level. Over the 82-d of the experiment, G:F was significantly higher for ‘HH’ pigs (P < 0.01). Overall, ADG tended to be reduced as CP levels decreased (P = 0.10). There was no difference among treatments for parameters concerning carcass grading (lean meat percentage and meat yield). In conclusion, reducing CP levels while maintaining essential AA levels impaired growth performances of pigs.

Alternative fall and winter feeding systems for spring calving beef cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McCartney ◽  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. J. Depalme
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Winter Feeding

This study evaluated the effects of early (EW) and late (LW) weaning on calf post-weaning growth performance and carcass characteristics. It also quantified the effects of EW and LW in combination with three winter feeding strategies on cow growth, reproductive performance and cost of production. EW calves were weaned in late August, while LW calves were weaned 56 d later in late October. The three cow winter feeding strategies were: (1) traditional (TD), or straw fed ad libitum and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage fed every day; (2) alternate day (AD), or straw fed ad libitum and equivalent amounts of barley silage fed every second day (AD); and (3) swath graze (SG), or swath grazing whole-plant barley, cut in the soft dough stage. The study was conducted over three production cycles (1997/1998, 1998/1999 and 1999/2000). EW calves weighing 213 kg and fed a backgrounding diet (82% barley silage: 18% concentrate) for 56 d, grew 0.36 kg d-1 (EW = 0.61 ± 0.02 kg d-1; LW = 0.97 ± 0.02 kg d-1; P < 0.001) slower from early to late weaning than LW calves (210 kg) on pasture nursing their mothers. Over the next 124–128 d, EW and LW calves fed the backgrounding diet grew similarly at 0.95 ± 0.01 and 0.93 ± 0.02 kg d-1, respectively. Both groups of calves also grew similarly during the finishing phase (EW = 1.56 ± 0.04 kg d-1; LW = 1.53 ± 0.05 kg d-1; P = 0.62), such that at slaughter, EW and LW calves were the same age (461 ± 4 vs. 455 ± 5 d, P = 0.326) and weight (522 ± 5 vs. 515 ± 6 kg, P = 0.390), with similar levels of carcass backfat, yield and quality grade. EW cows weighed 12 to 15 kg more (P < 0.01) in mid-November (first winter feeding), mid-February (pre-calving) and late-May (prebreeding) and tended to have a shorter calving span (49 vs. 62 d, P = 0.07) than the LW cows. Calving interval, calving pattern and cumulative open and cull rates, monitored over three consecutive production cycles, were similar for EW and LW cows. Differences (P < 0.05) in body weight were observed between winter feeding treatments. SG cows had the lowest weight (605 kg) and backfat thickness (4.5 mm) at pre-breeding; AD cows were intermediate (623 kg and 5.1 mm); and TD cows were heaviest (639 kg) with the most backfat (6.4 mm). Calving interval, length of the calving span, calving pattern and cumulative open and cull rates were similar among the winter feeding strategies for cows monitored over three production cycles. Swath grazing required 38.4% less labour than traditional feeding and 20.9% less labour than alternate day winter feeding. Total cash cost over the first 100 d of winter feeding for the SG winter feeding strategy was $70.00 cow-1 less than TD (45.5%) and $56.70 cow-1 less than AD (40.4%) winter feeding strategies. On average, 300 and 314 cow swath grazing d ha-1 were required to cover the cost of feed in the TD and AD winter feeding strategies, respectively. Key words: Beef cows, Western Canadian Parkland, swath grazing, alternate day, early and late weaning

scholarly journals Drug Penetration of the Posterior Eye Tissues after Topical Instillation: In Vivo and in Silico Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Shikamura ◽  
Akira Ohtori ◽  
Kakuji Tojo
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Penetration ◽  
Eye Tissues ◽  
In Silico Simulation

In vitro -In vivo- In silico Simulation of Experimental Design Based Optimized Curcumin Loaded Multiparticulates System

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (30) ◽  
pp. 3576-3586
Author(s):  
Sima Singh ◽  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Uma Ranjan Lal ◽  
Nisar Sayyad ◽  
Rajshekhar Karpoormath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
In Silico Simulation ◽  
Vitro Data ◽  
In Vitro Data

The present study focused to optimize dual coated multiparticulates using Box-Behnken Experimental Design and in-silico simulation using GastroPlusTM software. The optimized formulations (OB1 and OB2) were comparatively evaluated for particle size, morphological, in vitro drug release, and in vivo permeation studies. In silico simulation study predicted the in vivo performance of the optimized formulation based on in-vitro data. Results suggested that optimized formulation was obtained using maximum content of Eudragit FS30D and minimum drying time (2 min). In vitro data corroborated that curcumin release was completely protected from premature drug release in the proximal part of gastro intestinal tract and successfully released to the colon (95%) which was closely predicted (90.1 %) by GastroPlusTM simulation technique. Finally, confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the in-vitro findings wherein maximum intensity was observed with OB1 treated group suggesting successful delivery of OB1 to the colon for enhanced absorption as predicted in regional absorption profile in ascending colon (30.9%) and caecum (23.2%). Limited drug absorption was predicted in small intestine (1.5-8.7%). The successful outcomes of the research work minimized the release of curcumin in the upper gastric tract and the maximized drug access to the colon (pH 7.4) as prime concern.

Development of an In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Methodology of Topiroxostat Immediate-Release Tablet Using In Silico Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Haiyang Yang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chen Shen ◽  
Yanhua Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
In Silico Simulation ◽  
Release Tablet

Quantification of stem cell / niche interactions by coupling in vivo imaging and in silico simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. S31
Author(s):  
Ingo Roeder ◽  
Axel Krinner ◽  
Nico Scherf ◽  
Marc Scott ◽  
Narges Rashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
In Silico Simulation ◽  
Cell Niche

Feeding level and oral stereotypies in dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Redbo ◽  
M. Emanuelson ◽  
K. Lundberg ◽  
N. Oredsson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding strategy on the performance of oral stereotypies, such as tongue-rolling and bar-biting, and other behaviours in lactating dairy cows. Thirty–seven cows of the Swedish Red and Wliite breed were randomly assigned into three treatments with different feeding strategies. Cows in treatment (AL) were given food ad libitum during the whole experimental period, which lasted from weeks 3 to 26 post partum. The second group (AL–R) was given food ad libitum during weeks 3 to 14 post partum, thereafter they were given food at a restricted level. The third group (R) was given food at a restricted level during the whole experiment period. All cows were offered a total mixed ration consisting of 650 g concentrate and 350 g forage per kg twice a day and their individual daily food intakes were registered. Behavioural recordings were made for 4 h on a fixed day every 2nd week, where each individual cow was observed every 2nd minute.During the complete experimental period, 27 out of the 37 cows showed stereotypies; 13 cows in group R, 10 in group AL–R and four in the AL group. The proportions of cows showing stereotypies were not independent of feeding treatment within the respective periods (P < 0·01). The stereotypy levels, counted as the mean frequency of recordings per treatment period, increased significantly between period 1 (lactation weeks 3 to 14) and period 2 (weeks 17 to 26) in group AL–R (P < 0·01) and in group R(P < 0·01), but not in the AL group. In period 2 the R cows had significantly higher stereotypy levels than the cows in the AL–R group (P < 0·01). Group R decreased the time spent eating between the periods (P < 0·001), with the same tendency in group AL–R. The AL group had longer eating time in period 2 than the AL–R (P < 0–001) and the R (P < 0·001) cows. The AL cows had a higher frequency of rumination than the other treatments in period 2 (P < 0·01). Both the AL–R and the R cows increased their activity levels between the periods (P < 0·001 for both). There were also differences between treatments in period 2, where the AL cows were less active than the AL–R (P < 0·05) and the R cows (P < 0·01).It is concluded that oral stereotypies in dairy cows are highly affected by feeding strategy, where restrictive feeding of a mixed food induces significant increases of stereotypies. The results of this investigation clearly indicate that restricted feeding of a diet with high levels of concentrate has a negative effect on the well being of lactating cows.

scholarly journals Carotid Bifurcation With Tandem Stenosis—A Patient-Specific Case Study Combined in vivo Imaging, in vitro Histology and in silico Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiu Wang ◽  
Phani Kumari Paritala ◽  
Jessica Benitez Mendieta ◽  
Yuantong Gu ◽  
Owen Christopher Raffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Tandem Stenosis ◽  
In Silico Simulation

scholarly journals 191 Effects of feeding strategy on growth performance and semen quality of developing bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Jarret A Proctor ◽  
Nathan S Long ◽  
Connor K Biehler ◽  
Liesel G Schneider ◽  
Justin D Rhinehart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Rumen Ph

Abstract The use of high-energy diets to develop bulls is perceived to influence semen quality, yet little research has been conducted using iso-caloric diets that differ in form or feeding management strategy. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of two feeding strategies on growth performance and semen quality of developing bulls. Angus bulls (n = 48; 332 ± 47 d of age) were stratified into one of sixteen drylot pens before pens were randomly assigned to one of two iso-caloric diets: a total mixed ration (TMR; n = 8 pens) or a component-based ration (COMP; n = 8 pens) fed for 84 d. Rumen pH was continuously monitored via rumen boluses and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily throughout the experiment. Backfat thickness and hoof conformation were measured on d 0 and 84, with body weight measured and semen collected at 21-d intervals. Semen was assessed for progressive motility, total sperm per ejaculate, and sperm cell morphology. Data were analyzed via ANOVA utilizing JMP 13.0. Bulls fed the COMP ration had a greater DMI (P &lt; 0.01) and ADG (P &lt; 0.01), but similar feed efficiency (P = 0.21) when compared to TMR-fed bulls. Bulls fed COMP tended to have a lower mean rumen pH (P &lt; 0.10). Additionally, COMP-fed bulls had greater backfat thickness (P &lt; 0.01) but similar hoof conformation scores (P = 0.26) when compared to TMR-fed bulls on d 84. Feeding strategy did not affect progressive motility (P = 0.34), total sperm per ejaculate (P = 0.81), or percent morphologically-normal sperm (P = 0.31). These results suggest that the feeding strategies utilized in this experiment affected growth performance, rumen pH, and adiposity without influencing semen quality of developing bulls, and therefore should not be expected to influence breeding soundness examination outcomes.

In vitro–in vivo–in silico simulation studies of anti-tubercular drugs doped with a self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (95) ◽  
pp. 93147-93161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Singh ◽  
Neeru Singh ◽  
Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
System P ◽  
In Silico Simulation

This study aimed to formulate a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for enhanced pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of rifampicin and isoniazid using excipients holding innate anti-mycobacterial activity followed within vivo–in silicopredictions using GastroPlus™.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document