Seasonal changes in growth and nodulation of perennial tropical pasture legumes in the field. II. Effects of controlled defoliation levels on nodulation of Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus atropurpureus

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nodule Population

In a field experiment comparing the effects of varying levels of defoliation on the nodulation of two tropical legumes, D. intortum cv. Greenleaf and P. atropurpureus cv. Siratro, five treatments were imposed: (1) control, (2) cutting at 3 in., (3) removal of all leaves and petioles, (4) removal of half the leaves, taking the young leaves, (5) removal of half the leaves, taking the old leaves. The defoliation treatments were imposed twice, at plant age 73 and 103 days, and sampled twice, at 18 and 26 days, after each defoliation. The effects of defoliation were not evident for at least 18 days, but subsequently the nodule weight per plant was reduced by defoliation, the reduction being related to the severity of the initial defoliation. Cutting reduced both the nodule number and weight per nodule in both species. In P. atropurpureus removing all leaves had a similar effect to cutting. In the other defoliation treatments in both species, the weight per nodule declined even though the nodule number increased, and thus the nodule weight per plant increased or remained constant. This provided evidence that changes in nodule weight induced by defoliation were related to a loss of part of the original nodule population and initiation of new nodules.

Biology of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates From Tropical Pasture Legumes.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ogle ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Pasture Legumes

The relationships between isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Stylosanthes guianensis (an anamorphic and a teleomorphic isolate), Aeschynomene falcata and Centrosema pubescens were investi- gated by comparing their morphology, temperature relations, symptomatology and pathogenicity. The Stylosanthes and Aeschynomene isolates caused more severe symptoms on the host from which they were isolated than on the other hosts. The Centrosema isolate caused moderate infection on Stylosanthes and mild infection on Centrosema. The anamorphic isolate from Stylosanthes produced leaf blight while the other isolates produced localised necrotic lesions. Conidia of the Centrosema isolate and the teleomorphic isolate from Stylosanthes were relatively uniform in size and shape and rounded at both ends. Both isolates produced fertile perithecia. Conidia of the Aeschynomene isolate and the anamorphic Stylosanthes isolate were more variable in shape and usually tapered at one end. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the anamorphic Stylosanthes isolate and the Aeschynomene isolate was 25°C, and for growth of the teleomorphic Stylosanthes isolate and the Centrosema isolate 27-29°C. Infection by the anamorphic and the teleomorphic Stylosanthes isolates proceeded in a similar fashion. Germinated spores and unmelanised appressoria were first observed at 6 h, melanised appressoria at 12 h and multiple appressoria and penetration at 24 h after inoculation. The anamorphic isolate produced significantly more successful penetrations than the teleomorphic isolate.

scholarly journals Productive efficiency of the Triticali crop compared to some other cereal crops under dry rain-fed systems and irrigation in Libya

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Ali Salem Shreidi ◽  
Ahmed Elzintani ◽  
Fatema Elmangosh ◽  
Kaled Aboud
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Production Areas

A field experiment was carried out through four seasons 98-2001 to study the efficiency of some Triticali lines compared with the most dominant cereal crops in the country durum , bread wheat and barley under tow main agriculture zones conditions common in production areas across all the country rainfed and irrigated in the desert areas .The results showed that the barley was out yielded the Triticali and the other cereal crops under rained conditions 1.49 ton/ha for barley and 0.91,069and 1.08 ton/ha for triticali , bread wheat and durum respectively ,but at the same time all Triticali lines over yielded the all cereal types under the irrigated conditions, the triticali means was(7.0-9.0) ton/ha compared with barley,durum and bread wheat 6.0,6.71,6.58 ton/ha respectively. The study recommended that the possibility of using triticali as good potential and economic yield especially under irrigated conditions as food and feed crops for their contents compared with the other cereal crops.

scholarly journals Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Iwuagwu ◽  
D. A. Okpara ◽  
C. O. Muoneke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Horticultural Research

Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.

The residual effect of molybdenum fertilizer on growth of tropical pasture legumes in a sub-tropical environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansen ◽  
PC Kerridge ◽  
PE Luck ◽  
BG Cook ◽  
KF Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

The response of several tropical legumes, grown with Panicum maximum cv. Gatton, to an initial application of molybdenum as molybdenum trioxide was studied over a five year period at six sites in south-eastern Queensland. The most responsive legumes were Glycine wightii cv. Tinaroo and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf, followed by Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River, with Lotononis bainesiicv. Miles and Stylosanthesguianensis cv. Cook being least responsive. Sites differed markedly in magnitude of legume response. For example, the most responsive site required 200 g ha-1 molybdenum over five years for maximum growth of Siratro whereas there was no response of Siratro to molybdenum application at another site. There was no difference between surface-applied molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum trioxide applied to the seed pellet and surface-applied sodium molybdate in their residual effects on legume growth. Response of the grass to molybdenum treatment was generally similar to legume response and nitrogen concentrations in legume and grass increased with yield.

Resistance to Phytophthora medicaginis Hansen and Maxwell in wild Cicer species and its use in breeding root rot resistant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Knights ◽  
R. J. Southwell ◽  
M. W. Schwinghamer ◽  
S. Harden
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cicer Species ◽  
Wild Cicer Species ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora medicaginis is a major disease of chickpea in Australia. Only partial resistance, derived from chickpea, is available in Australian cultivars. Five wild Cicer species were compared with chickpea cv. Jimbour (moderately resistant) in a field experiment. The proportions of accessions with significantly lower (P < 0.05) disease scores, where lower scores equate to higher resistance, were 9/9 for C. echinospermum, 9/21 for C. bijugum, 1/4 for C. judaicum, 1/29 for C. reticulatum, and 0/3 for C. pinnatifidum. The resistance of C. echinospermum (7/7 accessions) but not the other Cicer species was reproduced in a greenhouse test. Nine out of 30 chickpea × C. echinospermum-derived lines were as resistant as the C. echinospermum parents in a separate greenhouse experiment. C. echinospermum appears to be the best of the sources we examined for breeding chickpea cultivars resistant to P. medicaginis.

The transference of nitrogen from pasture legumes to an associated grass under several systems of management in pot culture

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Intact Root ◽  
Pot Culture

The extent of underground transference of nitrogen from three pasture legumes, each growing in association with a grass, has been studied in pot culture under several systems of management during the first 12–18 months after sowing. The three legumes performed quite differently. Subterranean clover did not release any nitrogen until senescence and then produced a rapid transference. White clover was competitive for nitrogen until the autumn-winter period. Lucerne released nitrogen gradually over the whole experimental period. Frequent defoliation of the legumes reduced competition for nitrogen by white clover but also reduced transference from the other legumes. Killing the perennial legumes produced only a small temporary increase in transference. Wilting and temporary drying treatments also reduced the transference. Thus there was no evidence that the nitrogen transference from lucerne was due to a shedding or decay of nodules induced by defoliation; it could equally well be due to direct excretion of nitrogen from the intact root system. The significance of the results in pasture establishment in infertile areas is discussed.

Seasonal changes in growth and nodulation of perennial tropical pasture legumes in the field. III. Effects of flowering on nodulation of three Desmodium species

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Type D ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stem Leaf

Changes in plant dry weight, leaf weight, nodule weight per plant, nodule number and size, and nitrogen content of stem, leaf, and nodules were followed throughout the growing season in Desmodium sandwicense an indeterminate flowering type, D. uncinatum which flowers in April, and D. intortum which flowers in late May. The seasonal build-up and decline of the nodule population was not related to the onset of flowering, peak nodulation occurring 3 months before flowering in D. intortum and 1 month before in D. uncinatum. D. sandwicense had three flowering periods, with some loss of nodules after flowering, but in its general trend of build-up and decline was similar to the other species. Changes in nodule weight per plant were a function mainly of changes in nodule number. The relationship between loglo nitrogen yield per plant and nodule weight per plant was similar for the three species at early samplings, but at later samplings the nitrogen yield did not increase linearly with increases in nodule weight. Thus the regression coefficient could not be taken as a constant index of nitrogen-fixing efficiency for a species at all stages of growth.

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