The effect of plant top material on the water repellence of fired sands and water repellent soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA McGhie ◽  
AM Posner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Repellence

Large differences in the water repellence were conferred on fired sand by adding the ground tops of a range of plant species. Contact angles of 75� to 90� were caused at 2% of most pasture and native species and at 5 % many gave contact angles > 95� The cereal crops gave contact angles of about 60� (2%) and 83�(5 %) and were more wettable than pasture and native species. The addition of ground Geraldton subterranean clover (Trifolium subteraneum cv. Geraldton) or brown mallet (Eucalyptus astrigens (Maiden)) to water-repellent sands increased the water repellence. Addition of clover to a water-repellent mallet-hill soil increased the water infiltration rate while the mallet did not change the slow rate. Wheat (Triticum aestivm), when added to water-repellent soils, always reduced the water repellence. Attention is drawn to the importance of the relative wettability of the soil and added organic matter, and therefore the type of plant cover. Soils sampled from beneath wheat/clover rotations of various lengths showed that water repellence increased in the pasture phase and was reduced during the cropping phase. The importance of the type, as well as the amount, of organic matter in the rotations is demonstrated.

Soil Management for Conservation and Sustainable Rice Production in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L.A. Asadu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Cropping Season

An comparison of soilmanagement techniques In the different irrigation zones of Lower Anambra Irrigation Project (LAIP) In eastern Nigeria showed that heavy use of machinery led to Increases In bulk density and decreases In field water Infiltration rate. The relative proportion of clay In the irrigated fields Increased as a result of Irrigation, suggesting that mobilized clay from uncemented main and distribution canals Is carried and deposited In the rice fields. Both Irrigation and the use of machinery have had substantial negative effects on soli nutrient levels, and there is a danger of this process continuing. Soli management for sustainable production in the area should centre on applying organic matter in combination with inorganic fertilizers, monitoring the soli properties on yearly basis before the cropping season for fertilizer and lime recommendations, and varying the depth of tillage to Increase or maintain the effective soli depth.

Water repellence in sandy soils of South-Western Australia. II. Some chemical characteristics of the hydrophobic skins

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Roberts ◽  
BA Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
Humic Fraction

The hydrophobic organic skins on sand grains were resistant to removal by solvents such as cold water, concentrated acid, diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. Prolonged treatment with hot diethyl ether, ethanol, and benzene removed part of the coating. Treatment with dilute solutions of alkali removed the skin as suspended particles. Compounds within the very stable humic fraction of the soil organic matter appeared to be mainly responsible for water repellence in soils. Deposits of fresh organic materials could also produce water repellent properties.

The influence of surfactant and organic matter content on wetting pattern of different non-water repellent soils

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chaichi ◽  
Marcus Turcios ◽  
Mina Rostamza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Non-ionic surfactants have been well researched as a tool to ameliorate water repellent conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of non-ionic surfactant applications in wettable soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a surfactant in modifying the wetting pattern in soils of different textures and organic matter contents. The experimental treatments consisted of (1) four different soil textures including sandy, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silt loam, (2) four different organic matter contents (0.2, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7% by weight), and (3) irrigation water treatments with or without surfactant (IrrigAid Gold). The experiment was carried out in Plexiglas boxes with one drip emitter under the soil surface. The results demonstrated the superiority of surfactant application on increasing water distribution in the soil profile for all soil textural classes. Silt loam texture had the highest side wetted area and wetting depth 45min after the initiation of irrigation. Upward capillary water movement and top wetted area significantly decreased in the surfactant treatment across all soil textures except in sandy soil. As organic matter content increased, top wetted area decreased. These findings clarified the potential ability of surfactant in increasing water infiltration in non-repellent soil in an in vitro system.

scholarly journals Ecohydrological effectiveness of litter crusts in sandy ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zeng Cui ◽  
Ze Huang ◽  
Hai-Tao Miao ◽  
Gao-Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract. Litter crusts are integral components of the water budget in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arid areas. This innovative study is to quantify the ecohydrological effectiveness of litter crusts in desert ecosystems. We focus on the positive effects of litter crusts on soil water holding capacity and water interception capacity compared with biocrusts. Litter crusts significantly increased soil organic matter, which was 2.4 times the content in biocrusts and 3.84 times the content in bare sandy lands. Higher organic matter content resulted in increased soil porosity and decreased soil bulk density. Meanwhile, soil organic matter can help to maintain maximum infiltration rates. Litter crusts significantly increased the water infiltration rate under high water supply. Our results suggested that litter crusts significantly improve soil properties, thereby influencing hydrological processes. Litter crusts play an important role in improving hydrological effectiveness and provide a microhabitat conducive to vegetation restoration in dry sandy ecosystem.

scholarly journals Natural colloid mobilization and leaching in wettable and water repellent soil under saturated condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrollah Sepehrnia ◽  
Olga Fishkis ◽  
Bernd Huwe ◽  
Jörg Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Coupled Transport

AbstractThe coupled transport of pollutants that are adsorbed to colloidal particles has always been a major topic for environmental sciences due to many unfavorable effects on soils and groundwater. This laboratory column study was conducted under saturated moisture conditions to compare the hydrophobic character of the suspended and mobilized colloids in the percolates released from a wettable subsoil and a water repellent topsoil. Both soils with different organic matter content were analyzed for wettability changes before and after leaching using sessile drop contact angles as well as water and ethanol sorptivity curves, summarized as repellency index. Hydrophobicity of the effluent suspensions was assessed using the C18 adsorption method. Water repellency level of the repellent soil decreased after leaching but remained on a lower level of water repellency, while, the wettable soil remained wettable. The leached colloids from the repellent soil were predominantly hydrophilic and the percentage of the hydrophobic colloid fraction in the effluent did not systematically changed with time. Total colloid release depended on soil carbon stock but not on soil wettability. Our results suggest that due to the respective character of transported colloids a similar co-transport mechanism for pollutants may occur which does not depend explicitly on soil wettability of the releasing horizon, but could be more affected by total SOM content. Further studies with a wider range of soils are necessary to determine if the dominant hydrophilic character of leached colloids is typical. Due to the mostly hydrophilic colloid character we conclude also that changes in wettability status, i.e. of wettable subsoil horizons due to the leachate, may not necessarily occur very fast, even when the overlaying topsoil is a repellent soil horizon with a high organic matter content.

The influence of the microflora on the physical properties of soils. II. Field studies on water repellent sands

Soil Research ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Bond
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
Contact Angle Of Wetting

The water repellence of sandy soils has been investigated at sites in the upper south-east of South Australia by observation of infiltration patterns and measurement of contact angle of wetting. Water penetrated into repellent sands through narrow channels, the intervening soil remaining dry. Such dry areas persisted through the winter months and were responsible for a mosaic pattern of bare and grassed areas in severely affected paddocks. The intensity of water repellence has been found to vary with species of plant cover, age of pasture, and also management practices.

Impact of crop residue retention and tillage on water infiltration into a water-repellent soil

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Ward ◽  
Margaret M. Roper ◽  
Ramona Jongepier ◽  
Shayne F. Micin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Residue Retention

AbstractWater repellence is a condition in which soils become hydrophobic and do not readily absorb water. The condition causes problems in agricultural production relating to water availability for seed germination and plant growth. In this research we assess the impact of disturbing the soil by a single annual soil tillage (compared with no-till) and crop residue retention (compared with residue removal by burning) on the severity of water repellency, and on water infiltration during and immediately after rainfall, for 5 discrete rainfall events over an 18-month period covering two crop growing seasons. Soil tillage and crop residue removal were associated with decreased severity of water repellency. Despite this, soil tillage resulted in less infiltration of rain water, especially in the crop inter-row spaces, one hour after the commencement of rainfall, and 6 hours after the conclusion of rainfall. Where a single soil tillage was performed, soil in the inter-row spaces absorbed 19-30% of incident rainfall, compared with 58-78% in undisturbed soils. This was observed for a rainfall event 11 months after soil tillage, indicating that soil tillage has a long-lasting impact on pathways of water entry into the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of organic manure amendments on water repellency, water entry value, and water retention of soil samples from a tropical Ultisol

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D.P. Liyanage ◽  
D.A.L. Leelamanie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
In Series

AbstractLowered stability of soil aggregates governed by insufficient organic matter levels has become a major concern in Sri Lanka. Although the use of organic manure with water repellent properties lowers the wetting rates and improves the stability of soil aggregates, its effects on soil hydrophysical properties are still not characterized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relation of water repellency induced by organic manure amendments to the water entry value and water retention of a Sri Lankan Ultisol. The soil was mixed with ground powders of cattle manure (CM), goat manure (GM),Gliricidia maculata(GL) and hydrophobicCasuarina equisetifolia(CE) leaves to obtain samples ranging from non-repellent to extremely water repellent, in two series. Series I was prepared by mixing GL and CE with soil (5, 10, 25, 50%). Series II consisted of 5% CM, GM, and GL, with (set A) and without (set B) intermixed 2% CE. Water repellency, water entry value, and water retention of samples were determined in the laboratory. Soil-water contact angle increased with increasing organic matter content in all the samples showing positive linear correlations. Although the samples amended with CE showed high soil-water contact angles in series I, set A (without 2% CE) and set B (with 2% CE) in series II did not show a noticeable difference, where >80% of the samples had soil-water contact angles <90°. Water entry value (R2= 0.83–0.92) and the water retention at 150 cm suction (R2= 0.69–0.8) of all the samples increased with increasing soil-water contact angles showing moderate to strong positive linear correlations. However, set A (without 2% CE) and set B (with 2% CE) in series II did not differ noticeably. Water entry value of about 60% the samples was <2.5 cm. Mixing of a small amount (2%) of hydrophobic organic matter with commonly used organic manures slightly increased the water repellency of sample soils, however not up to detrimental levels. It did not generate adverse effects on water entry and increased the water retention. It was clear that intermixing of small quantities of hydrophobic organic manure with organic manures commonly used in Sri Lankan agriculture, would not generate unfavorable impacts on soils.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Infiltration Behaviour and Soil Characteristics in Dhanbad - Jharia Township Area, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-591
Author(s):  
Ritu Sinha ◽  
Prasoon Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Arc Gis

As a consequence of interaction between human and surrounding urban soils are generally sealed, compacted and contaminated. Thus investigating and understanding the processes, properties and functions of these soil posses a great challenge for the large human population. The prime goal of this study has to evaluate and relate the steady state infiltration rate with parameters which has significant impact on it. The various parameter considered here includes bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, sand, silt and clay content. Further, current study was also analysed by thematic maps such as soil and geomorphology map. Sixteen locations were selected randomly and experiment was conducted through double ring infiltrometer having inner and outer diameter 30 and 60 cm in the interval of 5,5,10,10,15,15,30,30 minutes. Soil samples were also collected near by the each experiment site for the determination of above said parameters. The results of the infiltration rates was mapped by applying the interpolation method of the Arc GIS 10 software and classified as slow, slow to medium and medium classes. Furthermore, the generated data were subjected to correlation and regression analysis which reveals the significant positive correlation with total porosity, sand organic matter, having r = 0.818, 0.811 and 0.573 where as bulk density, silt and clay were significantly negatively correlated as r = - 0.627, -0.693 and - 0.444.Overall, the measured infiltration rate varies from slow to medium class which may be due to the soil compaction and other parameters. So to over come this hazard appropriate environmental measure must be applied and plant cover must be increased.

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