Identification of subterranean clover cultivars and their genetic relationships by isozyme analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Collins ◽  
RC Rossiter ◽  
Y Haynes ◽  
AHD Brown ◽  
DR Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Esterase Patterns

Isozyme patterns for the 22 registered cultivars of Trifolium subterraneurn L. are described for 15 enzymes. The patterns discriminated among all cultivars except that Uniwager was isozymically identical with Geraldton, from which it was derived by deliberate mutation. The 17 cultivars which originally came from naturally occurring isolates, as well as Uniwager, appeared to be isozymically homogeneous, whereas three of the five bred cultivars (Nungarin, Esperance and Howard) were polymorphic for at least one locus. The cultivars indicated that T. subterraneum is highly polymorphic at isozyme loci. Excluding the complex esterase patterns, the species was polymorphic at 21 of 26 putative loci, with an average of 2.3 alleles detected per locus. Estimates of genetic distance between the cultivars stemming from natural isolates strongly supported the classification into three subspecies. In addition, the cultivar Woogenellup (syn Marrar) was well separated from all other cultivars of the subspecies subterraneum. Isozyme surveys should therefore provide critical evidence on the role such factors as introduction, natural selection, mutation and outcrossing have had in the origin of variation within subterranean clover in Australia.

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic diversity in oilseed brassica germplasm through ISSR markers and isozyme profiling

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Madhury Paul ◽  
Tahmina Islam ◽  
MI Hoque ◽  
RH Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Clustering Pattern

Eleven Brassica germplasm were characterized through the application of 12 oligonucleotide Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. A total 1248 bands were amplified through polymorphic chain reaction and were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Among the amplified marker bands 71.47% were polymorphic in nature and 352 bands were found to be monomorphic. The polymorphic bands of the amplified DNAs mostly ranged between 110 bp and 3 kb. Genetic distance among the germplasm ranged between 0.0468 and 0.7189. Moreover, three isozyme systems such as esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase were analyzed for allozyme variability that detected distinct 93 isozyme loci of which nearly 61.9% were polymorphic. Two dendrograms were constructed based on the ISSR profiling and isozyme data obtained through electrophoresis to find out the relatedness and phylogenetic relationship among the investigating Brassica germplasm. The clusters of the phylogenetic tree revealed 4 distinct groups of Brassica based upon their ISSR banding patterns and isozyme analysis. Nei’s genetic distance analysis provided strong information about the existence of variability among the germplasm of Brassica. All the germplasm was found to be clustered according to their respective species. Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard) showed individuality from all the germplasm studied and made a different branch in the phylogenetic tree suggesting its diverse origin. From the clustering pattern and genetic relationship obtained with ISSR markers and isozyme analysis, breeders can successfully identify the diverse germplasm from different cluster and use them in their future breeding program.

Habitat differentiation between estuarine and inland Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) as revealed by retrotransposon-based SSAP marker

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tang ◽  
Lian He ◽  
Feng Peng ◽  
Suhua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Habitat Differentiation

Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) is a pantropical coastal tree that extends to the tidal zone. In this study, the retrotransposon sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) technique was used in order to understand the genetic variation between four population pairs of H. tiliaceus from repeated estuarine and inland habitat contrasts in China. The estuarine populations were consistently more genetic variable compared with the inland ones, which may be attributed to extensive gene flow via water-drifted seeds and/or retrotransposon activation in stressful estuarine environments. An AMOVA revealed that 8.9% of the genetic variance could be explained by the habitat divergence within site, as compared with only 4.9% to geographical isolation between sites, which indicates significant habitat differentiation between the estuarine and inland populations. The estuarine populations were less differentiated (ΦST = 0.115) than the inland (ΦST = 0.152) implying frequent gene interchange in the former. Accordingly, the principal coordinate analysis of genetic distance between individuals revealed that genetic relationships are not fully consistent with the geographic association. These results suggest that despite substantial gene flow via sea-drifted seeds, habitat-related divergent selection could be one of the primary mechanisms that drive habitat differentiation in H. tiliaceus at a local ecological scale.

scholarly journals Genetic studies revealed differences between European and North American populations of Calypogeia azurea

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Patrycja Gonera
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Abstract Calypogeia azurea, a widespread, subboreal-montane liverwort species, is one of a few representatives of the Calypogeia genus that are characterized by the occurrence of blue oil bodies. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of C. azurea originating from different parts of its distribution range (Europe and North America). Plants of C. azurea were compared with C. peruviana, another Calypogeia species with blue oil bodies. In general, 339 gametophytes from 15 populations of C. azurea were examined. Total gene diversity (HT) estimated on the basis of nine isozyme loci of C. azurea at the species level was 0.201. The mean Nei’s genetic distance between European populations was equal to 0.083, whereas the mean genetic distance between populations originating from Europe and North America was 0.413. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 69% of C. azurea genetic variation was distributed among regions (Europe and North America), 15% - among populations within regions, and 16% - within populations. Our study revealed that C. azurea showed genetic diversity within its geographic distribution. All examined samples classified as C. azurea differed in respect of isozyme patterns from C. peruviana.

scholarly journals Study of genetic differences among Slovak Tsigai populations using microsatellite markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kusza ◽  
E. Gyarmathy ◽  
J. Dubravska ◽  
I. Nagy ◽  
A. Jávor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Substantial Degree

In this study genetic diversity, population structure and genetic relationships of Tsigai populations in Slovakia were investigated using microsatellite markers. Altogether 195 animals from 12 populations were genotyped for 16 microsatellites. 212 alleles were detected on the loci. The number of identified alleles per locus ranged from 11 to 35. In the majority of the populations heterozygosity deficiency and potential risks of inbreeding could be determined. High values of <I>F</I><sub>ST</sub> (0.133) across all the loci revealed a substantial degree of population differentiation. The estimation of genetic distance value showed that the Slovak Vojin population was the most different from the other populations. The 12 examined populations were able to group into 4 clusters. With this result our aim is to help the Slovak sheep breeders to establish their own mating system, to avoid genetic loss and to prevent diversity of Tsigai breed in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Based on ISSR Markers of Apple Genotypes in Ardahan/Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-558
Author(s):  
Emre SEVİNDİK ◽  
Hüseyin UYSAL ◽  
Zehra Tuğba MURATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Issr Primers

Within the present study, it was conducted a genetic diversity analysis using ISSR markers for some apple genotypes grown in Ardahan region, Turkey. Total genomic DNA (gDNA) isolation from apple leaves was performed using commercial kits. Five ISSR primers were used to determine the genetic diversity among the genotypes studied. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with all gDNA samples to produce bands to score. PCR products were run in agarose gel and visualized under UV light. Bands on the gels were scored as “1”, while no bands at the corresponding positions were scored as “0”, to generate the matrix file. Five ISSR primers produced a total of 35 bands, and 20 of them were polymorphic. The polymorphic bands rated approximately 57%. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the genotypes were calculated by using the PAUP [Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods)] program.  According to the PAUP data, the closest genetic distance was 0.03704 between ‘Kaburga’ and ‘Japon Apple’ genotypes, while the furthest genetic distance was 0.48148 between ‘Karanfil Apple’ and ‘Sisli Uruset’. The phylogenetic analysis obtained using UPGMA algorithm produced a phylogenetic tree with two clades. The results suggest that ISSR markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships among apple genotypes.

Lack of isozyme similarity between Vigna unguiculata and other species of subgenus Vigna (Leguminosae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
N. F. Weeden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
The Third ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important crop of tropical Africa, Asia, and South America. However, the relationship between the cowpea and other species of subg. Vigna is relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic distance among species of subg. Vigna using isozymes. Twenty-four populations of the cowpea species and 39 populations from 10 other species (at least one species per section of subgenus Vigna) were sampled. Nei's genetic distance was calculated from allelic frequencies at 26 isozyme loci. UPGMA cluster analysis was performed. The range of genetic distance among species of subg. Vigna (0.41 – 2.69) was greater than previously reported in most plant genera. Three clusters of species were apparent. The first cluster included three species of sect. Vigna (V. luteola, V. oblongifolia, and V. subterranea (the Bambara groundnut)). The second cluster grouped together sections Liebrechtsia and Macrodontae. The third cluster included V. unguiculata, V. reticulata, and V. vexillata. The distances between species of this cluster were large and of similar size in all combinations (range from 0.92 to 0.95). None of the species included in this survey can be called a close relative of V. unguiculata. Key words: Vigna, cowpea, isozymes, genetic distances.

Isozyme variation, morphology, and growth response to temperature in Pythium ultimum

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. S. Barr ◽  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
N. L. Désaulniers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Response To Temperature

A worldwide collection of 60 isolates of Pythium ultimum and 37 asexual (sexually sterile) isolates presumed to be P. ultimum were compared by isozyme analysis, morphological characters, and their growth rate at different temperatures. Isolates were separated into 10 multilocus genotypes as defined by nine isozyme loci. Five genotypes (U1–U5) comprising 85 isolates differed from each other merely by homo- or hetero-zygous states at one and (or) two loci. Four isolates in genotype U6 produced zoospores and were presumed to be var. sporangiiferum. They differed at one locus from genotypes U1–U5. Genotypes U7, U8, U9, and U10 differed from U1–U5 at one, two, three, and five loci, respectively. Sexual isolates occurred in genotypes U1–U3 and U6–U10, and asexual isolates in genotypes U2–U6. Only minor differences were detected in morphology in six isolates (genotypes U8–U10). A single isolate (genotype U10) differed in growth rate from all others. Isozyme analysis is an effective means of distinguishing P. ultimum from nine other species included for comparative purposes and for identifying asexual isolates that cannot be positively identified by morphology. Keywords: Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, Pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum, isozymes.

Genetic variability in Seaton Park subterranean clover

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
WJ Collins ◽  
Y Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Western Australian

Single plants of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were grown from seed of 13 commercial Seaton Park seed samples and of five pastures sown to Seaton Park at least 8 years previously. Most populations had several variants of Seaton Park, though the predominant genotype was that usually considered to be the Seaton Park strain - herein differentiated as Western Australian Seaton Park (W.A.S.Pk). The original Seaton Park - from the Royal Adelaide Golf Course in South Australia - differed slightly but clearly in several characters, including some seed isozyme patterns, from W.A.S.Pk. It was present in half of the populations, but at low frequencies (1-6% of the total). One genotype (strain S) comprised 20% or more of the populations from three commercial seed samples; it contained significant levels of the oestrogenic isoflavone formononetin. The origin of W.A.S.Pk remains unclear. The present commercial strain (cv. Seaton Park) is being re-built, based on W.A.S.Pk alone.

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