scholarly journals Assessment of drought resistance in pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke]. I. Factors affecting yields under stress

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Bidinger ◽  
V Mahalakshmi ◽  
GDP Rao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Yield Trials

Yield trials of advanced lines of pearl millet were grown under midseason (panicle initiation to flowering) and terminal (flowering to maturity) drought stresses in the dry seasons of 1981, 1982, and 1983. Grain yield and its components were severely reduced by the terminal stress, but were little affected by the midseason drought, as there was compensation by later tillers for yield lost on the earlier shoots. The major factor determining grain yield of a genotype in both stress treatments was its time to flowering. Because of this, yield-yield component relationships under stress were a result of yield component-phenology relationships. Yield potential (measured in an irrigated treatment in the same field) was generally positively related to yield under stress, but accounted for a much smaller fraction of yield variation than time to flowering. These two factors together accounted for more than 50% of the total variation in grain yield under stress, suggesting that genotype drought response (drought resistance/susceptibility) was a secondary rather than a primary factor in differences in yield under stress among the genotypes tested.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

scholarly journals TOPCROSS HYBRIDS AS AN ENTRY INTO COMMERCIAL SEED PRODUCTION OF PEARL MILLET IN EASTERN AFRICA

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. BIDINGER ◽  
A. G. BHASKER RAJ ◽  
NEGUSSE ABRAHA ◽  
ADAM MOHAMED ALI ◽  
A. B. OBILANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Topcross Hybrids

Pearl millet topcross hybrids (inbred male-sterile seed parent × open-pollinated variety restorer) based on locally adapted varieties and publicly available seed parents provide an ideal entry point into the commercial hybrid seed business, which can stimulate commercial investment by prospective seed producers. To demonstrate this potential, fifteen topcross hybrids made with the widely adapted variety ICMV 221 were evaluated in Eritrea, Sudan and Kenya for overall field performance, and in India for mechanisms of expression of heterosis and for terminal drought tolerance. Across all evaluation environments, the mean yield heterosis was 8%, with a range of −1% to +19%; six hybrids had a statistically significant, positive across-environment yield heterosis (ranging from +11% to +19%). Significant grain yield heterosis in rainy season environments was a consequence of heterosis in both biomass and harvest index, but not necessarily in any specific yield component. Positive grain yield heterosis under terminal drought stress, a common occurrence in millet-growing environments, was related to positive heterosis for grain size. These results are discussed in terms of their support for topcross hybrids as an entry point for prospective millet seed producers, and a scheme presented for the rapid creation, evaluation and marketing of locally adapted topcross hybrids.

scholarly journals Assessment of drought resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). II. Estimation of genotype response to stress

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Bidinger ◽  
V Mahalakshmi ◽  
GDP Rao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Response To Stress

The finding that the more than 50% of the variation in grain yield of pearl millet breeding lines in two different drought stress treatments could be attributed to variation in yield potential and time of flowering was used to develop a drought-response index (DRI) based on the residual variation in grain yield, adjusted for experimental error. DRI was positively correlated to measured yield in the drought treatments, and independent of both yield potential and time to flowering. DRI in both midseason and terminal stress treatments was unrelated to yield component structure in the irrigated control treatment, indicating that selection for plant type under non-stressed conditions will not influence drought response. DRI was correlated to both grain number per panicle, and grain yield per panicle in both stress treatments, suggesting differential ability to maintain normal grain number, and/or that grain yield per panicle was an important factor in response to stress. Maintenance of panicle number did not seem to be important for maintenance of yield under drought stress. The correlation of DRI and individual panicle yield was of sufficient magnitude for the latter to serve as a selection index in terminal stress. The use of a DRI as a component of breeding for better adaptation to stress is discussed.

Study of green fodder yield potential of pearl millet genotypes under rainfed conditions of Gujarat, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Dhedhi ◽  
V. V. Ansodariya ◽  
N. N. Chaudhari ◽  
J. S. Sorathiya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Grassland Research

Twenty three fodder pearl millet genotypes including two checks <italic>viz</italic>., DFMH 30 and PAC 981 were evaluated at Pearl millet Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU), Jamnagar and Grassland Research Station, JAU, Dhari during <italic>kharif</italic> 2014. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, dry fodder yield and green fodder yield while differences for plant population and grain yield were non significant. The locations differences were found significant for all the characters studied. The genotypes x locations differences were observed non significant for all the traits except plant population and grain yield. Days to 50 % flowering varied from 52 days (DFMH 30) to 77 days (IP 15564). Days to maturity ranged between 75 days (IP 2761) to 96 days (IP 14542). IP 22269 (342 cm) was observed the tallest genotype, while, check DFMH 30 (252 cm) was manifested the shortest genotype. Dry fodder yield ranged from 96 q/ha (IP 5153, IP 2761) to 208 q/ha (ICMV 05222). The genotype ICMV 05222 (390 q/ha) produced the highest green fodder yield among all the genotypes followed by IP 6202 (348 q/ha) and IP 15564 (341 q/ha). Hence, these three genotypes <italic>viz</italic>., ICMV 05222, IP 6202 and IP 15564 may be considered for general cultivation under rainfed conditions of Gujarat.

Drought resistance of spring wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Ganbaatar B ◽  
Batbold S
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
High Yield Potential

Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under drought stress. In order to select drought tolerant varieties of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications during the growing season 2014-2018. Eight drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and drought resistance index (DI) were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought years (Ys) and favorable years (Yp). Result of study showed significant positive correlation between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators STI, GMP, TOL, MP, and DI, accordingly they are discriminating drought tolerant genotypes at the same manner. Wheat varieties Darkhan-172, Darkhan-72, Altaiskaya-325, Altaiskaya-70, Darkhan-181 has a high yield potential. Genotypes Darkhan-160, Arvin, Darkhan-144 most droughts tolerant and can be use in wheat breeding for improving drought resistance. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн сортуудыг ган тэсвэрийнүнэлэмжээр үнэлсэн дүнгээс Судалгаагаар манай оронд өргөн тариалагдаж байгаа өөрийн орны селекцээр гаргасан болон гадаадын нийт 20 сортонд ган тэсвэрийн индекс:стресс тэсвэрийн индекс (SТI), тэсвэрийн индекс (TOL),стресс мэдрэмжийн индекс (SSI), ган тэсвэрийн индекс (DI)-ээрүнэлгээ өгсөн. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн ургац ба ган тэсвэрийн индексүүдийн хооронд эерэг нягт хамааралыг тогтоосон. Чийгийн хангамж сайтай жилд потенциаль ургацаар буудайн эртийн болцтой Дархан-172, дунд-эртийн болцтой Дархан-72, Алтайская-325, Алтайская-70, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-181 сортууд шалгарсан ба эдгээр сортуудыг селекцид хагас эрчимжсэн сорт гаргахад ашиглаж болно. Ган тэсвэр өндөртэй сортыг бий болгоходселекцид эртийн болцтой Дархан-160, дунд-эртийн болцтой Арвин, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-144 сортуудыг эх материалаар ашиглаж болно. Зусах буудайн Дархан-144 сорт нь гадаад орчны нөхцөлд дасан зохицох чадвар сайтай сортоор шалгарав. Түлхүүр үг: болц,сорт, ургац, стресс, индекс

PERFORMANCE OF CROSSES BETWEEN STANDARD-HEIGHT AND SEMIDWARF SPRING WHEATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNEAL ◽  
E. P. SMITH ◽  
M. A. BERG ◽  
D. E. BALDRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Average Performance

Three semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were each crossed to three standard-height cultivars, and bulk F2 and F3 generations of each cross were compared with parents in the field at two locations. Yield component and grain yield data of parents vs. bulks were evaluated to determine whether a relationship existed between bulk and parent populations. Yield component data did not consistently relate to grain yield in either bulks or parents. However, correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.81 suggested a strong yield relationship between standard-height parents vs. their bulks and semidwarf parents vs. their bulks, respectively. We conclude that the average performance of the parents generally predicted the average performance of the F2 and F3 bulks for culm number, kernel weight, and grain yield. Heterosis was indicated for spikelets per head in crosses with P.I. 295619. There were no differences between semidwarf and standard-height cultivars in ability to impart yield component and grain yield potential to their offspring.

Within-field variation in grain yield, yield components and quality traits of two-row barley

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RAJALA ◽  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽  
R. KAUPPILA ◽  
A. WILHELMSON ◽  
P. REINIKAINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Plant Samples

SUMMARYRecent studies of precision cereal farming systems have documented large within-field and annual variation in grain yield and quality. The principal aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of within- and between-field variation in biomass, yield, yield component structure and quality traits, such as grain protein of two-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), using crop samples collected from field patches of varying yield potential. Plant samples were collected from the fields of commercial farmers located in southern Finland in 2000 and 2001. Selection of low, intermediate and high yielding patches for crop sampling was based on aerial infrared colour images taken twice during the growing season. When stands were mature, plant samples from an area of 0·5 m2 were uprooted for yield component and quality analysis. Nitrogen accumulation prior to heading was strongly associated with biomass accumulation, indicating differences in growth potential of the different field patches. The principal yield determining trait in two-row barley was grain number/m2, whereas single grain weight (SGW) had a lesser effect on grain yield. The degree of variation in the quality parameters, namely protein and SGW, was not associated with grain yield. This suggests that within-field variation in yield potential does not determine heterogeneity of the grain yield in terms of grain weight or grain protein content.

Weather Factors Affecting the Response of Maize to Planting Dates in a Tropical Rainforest Location

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. B. Fakorede ◽  
B. O. Opeke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Negative Relationships

SUMMARYSimple linear correlations, stepwise multiple regressions and path-coefficient analyses were used to determine the relation between grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and weather factors in a three year study involving several planting dates within each year. Maximum and minimum relative humidity, which demonstrated negative relationships with yield, were the most reliable factors, both directly and indirectly, for predicting yield. Temperature (including accumulated heat units), sunshine hours and total and effective rainfall generally showed negligible direct effects on yield. Potential evaporation, which showed positive correlation, had a negative direct influence on grain yield. We conclude that, whenever possible, path analysis should be used as well as correlation and regression analyses in explaining the complex multiple interactions of yield and weather factors in crop production.

scholarly journals Variability of optimum sowing time for wheat yield in Western Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
M. F. D'Antuono ◽  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
B. J. Shackley ◽  
C. M. Zaicou-Kunesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Sowing Time

Sowing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the right time is one of the most important means of maximising grain yield in dryland agriculture. Objectives of this study were to understand the variation in estimates of optimum sowing time as influenced by cultivar and environmental characteristics, and to assess the relative importance of location, season, sowing time, and cultivar factors in maximising grain yield in Western Australia. Twenty-seven cultivar × time of sowing experiments were conducted over three seasons (2003–05) at a range of locations (annual rainfall 300–450 mm, lat. 28–35°S). There were four types of cultivar × sowing time responses, namely, quadratic, linear declining, flat, and linear increasing, associated with opening rains before mid-May, opening rains after mid-May, low-yielding sites, and good spring rains, respectively. Regression-tree analysis revealed that differences among cultivars in Tmax (sowing time when maximum grain yield was achieved) were much less in the eastern sites (mostly drier seasons). A biplot differentiated cultivars for Tmax across the range of environments used, while the subset regression analysis specifically indicated an association of average temperature and growing-season rainfall with variation for Tmax of individual cultivars. The yield penalty for sowing before the optimum time in quadratic-type responses was clearly greater for shorter season cultivars but no clear relationship was apparent between maturity class of cultivars and the penalty for late sowing, possibly due to differential plasticity of cultivars for grain weight under harsh finishing conditions. The duration of the optimum sowing window at a given location was inversely proportional to the yield potential, implying that it is critical to sow at or close to the optimum time when the yield potential is high, most common when the season breaks early. Yield component analysis showed that the relative change in grain yield over sowing dates was significantly correlated with relative changes in grain numbers/m2 in the late May sowings but other yield components were also important in the early May experiments. Sowing time accounted for 10% of grain yield variation compared with cultivar (1%), while the rest was due to uncontrollable factors of location and season.

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