Drought resistance of spring wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Ganbaatar B ◽  
Batbold S
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
High Yield Potential

Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under drought stress. In order to select drought tolerant varieties of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications during the growing season 2014-2018. Eight drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and drought resistance index (DI) were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought years (Ys) and favorable years (Yp). Result of study showed significant positive correlation between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators STI, GMP, TOL, MP, and DI, accordingly they are discriminating drought tolerant genotypes at the same manner. Wheat varieties Darkhan-172, Darkhan-72, Altaiskaya-325, Altaiskaya-70, Darkhan-181 has a high yield potential. Genotypes Darkhan-160, Arvin, Darkhan-144 most droughts tolerant and can be use in wheat breeding for improving drought resistance. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн сортуудыг ган тэсвэрийнүнэлэмжээр үнэлсэн дүнгээс Судалгаагаар манай оронд өргөн тариалагдаж байгаа өөрийн орны селекцээр гаргасан болон гадаадын нийт 20 сортонд ган тэсвэрийн индекс:стресс тэсвэрийн индекс (SТI), тэсвэрийн индекс (TOL),стресс мэдрэмжийн индекс (SSI), ган тэсвэрийн индекс (DI)-ээрүнэлгээ өгсөн. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн ургац ба ган тэсвэрийн индексүүдийн хооронд эерэг нягт хамааралыг тогтоосон. Чийгийн хангамж сайтай жилд потенциаль ургацаар буудайн эртийн болцтой Дархан-172, дунд-эртийн болцтой Дархан-72, Алтайская-325, Алтайская-70, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-181 сортууд шалгарсан ба эдгээр сортуудыг селекцид хагас эрчимжсэн сорт гаргахад ашиглаж болно. Ган тэсвэр өндөртэй сортыг бий болгоходселекцид эртийн болцтой Дархан-160, дунд-эртийн болцтой Арвин, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-144 сортуудыг эх материалаар ашиглаж болно. Зусах буудайн Дархан-144 сорт нь гадаад орчны нөхцөлд дасан зохицох чадвар сайтай сортоор шалгарав. Түлхүүр үг: болц,сорт, ургац, стресс, индекс

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Rigyan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Canopy Temperature and Chlorophyll Content are Effective Measures of Drought Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh JOKAR ◽  
Rahmatollah KARIMIZADEH ◽  
Asad MASOUMIASL ◽  
Reza AMIRI FAHLIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) is used for the preparation of multiple food products, including pasta and bread. Its production is restricted due to diverse environmental stresses i.e. drought and heat stress. Here, comparative analysis of durum wheat varieties was done by studying canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll content (CHL), yield and yield contributing traits to evaluate their performance under stress and low stress conditions. Twelve durum wheat genotypes were studied under stressful and low-stress conditions in Gachsaran region of Iran. CTD and CHL were measured at two stages, from the emergence of fifty percent of inflorescence (ZGS 54) to watery ripe stage (ZGS 71). According to stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices, genotype G10 exhibited the most, while genotype G6, the least relative tolerance, respectively. Based on MP and GMP, genotype G10 was found to be drought tolerant, while genotype G2 displayed the lowest amount of MP and GMP. Therefore these genotypes are recommended to be used as genitors in artificial hybridization for improvement of drought tolerance in other cultivars. All indices had high correlation with grain yield under stress and non-stress condition, indicating more suitability of these indices for selection of resistant genotype. Results of the present study showed that among drought tolerance indices, harmonic mean (HM), GMP, CTD and modified STI index (K2STI) can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars.

Resistance to Drought and Salinity: Avenues for Improvement

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Random Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
High Yield Potential

Various techniques for improving the resistance of plants to drought or salinity are discussed in relation to a notional spectrum ranging from rationality to random search. The rational end of the spectrum is exemplified by the control of phenology so that flowering occurs at an optimal time; the random end by wide crosses, such as that between wheat and Elytrigia, which give the remote hope that the high yield-potential of one will combine with the toughness of the other. Most of the techniques occupy the middle ground and involve selecting for characters whose protagonists have strong, but often poorly articulated, hunches that the characters will confer resistance to drought or salinity on the plants possessing them. For drought resistance of grain crops, the possible worth of many of these characters is discussed in relation to their likely impact on improving a crop's ability to (a) extract water from the soil, (b) produce dry matter given a limited water supply, and (c) convert dry matter into grain.

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

scholarly journals Uji Multilokasi Sepuluh Galur Padi Untuk Menghasilkan Varietas Unggul Baru

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jaenudin Kartahadimaja ◽  
Eka Erlinda Syuriani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
High Yield Potential

Reduced productive rice fields to non-paddy fields, most possible extension of the nationalrice cultivation area to the suboptimal lands reaching ± 91.9 million ha. Technologypackages that can be applied include the use of new improved rice varieties through theassembling of varieties that have high yield potential, resistant to suboptimal soil stress. Theobjective of the research is to produce new superior rice varieties that are available invarious environments. The study used a split-plot design, as the main plot is an environmentconsisting of rice paddies and gogo, as a subplot is the genotype of rice. The treatment ineach environment is prepared using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Thetreatment consisted of 10 new rice strains and four varieties as a comparison. Variablesobserved (1) plant height; (2) the maximum number of shoots; (3) number of productiveshoots; (4) long panicle; (5) the number of grains per panicle; (6) the amount of graincontent of each panicle; (7) the number of empty grains per panicle; (8) weight of 1000grains of grain; (9) grain yield of each clump; (10) grain yield per hectare. Data wereanalyzed by variance if there was a difference between mean, median treatment, followed byLsd test at 5% level. The adaptability and yield stability of each strain was determined basedon the value of the coefficient of diversity (KK) (Francis and Kenneberg, 1978) in Syukur etal., (2012). The results showed that seven new rice strains had adaptations both planted asupland rice and lowland rice, namely strains B3, B4, F2, F3, H1, H4, and L2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Selection Indices Using Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446
Author(s):  
Irfan ERDEMCI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Southeast Anatolia

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study.

scholarly journals Screening of tarragon accessions based on physiological and phytochemical responses under water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Mumivand ◽  
Amin Ebrahimi ◽  
Alireza Shayganfar ◽  
Hamid Hassaneian Khoshro
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Coumarin Compounds ◽  
High Yield Potential

AbstractIn this study, screening of Artemisia dracunculus accessions was investigated under water deficit based on physiological and phytochemical traits. The results clearly indicated that water deficit significantly reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents and increased malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant activities. The responses of tarragon accessions to water deficit, however, were inconsistent. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, vanillic, chicoric, and p-coumaric acids as major phenolic acids, while quercetin and herniarin were detected as the predominant flavonoid and coumarin compounds in the extracts. Our findings revealed that the water deficit not only increased the amounts of herniarin, luteolin, apigenin, caffeic acid, and syringic acid, but also introduced quercetin that was not present under normal conditions in Estahbanat. Nevertheless, these results were highly impacted by the accession type. The results indicated that Hamadan, Varamin and Estahbanat accessions could be introduced as tolerant accessions. Given the very different responses of tarragon accessions to water deficit and the diversity between these accessions, the findings of the present study could be an effective step in identifying and achieving homogeneous, drought-tolerant and high-yield potential accessions, and may help tarragon breeding programs as well as development of cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Planting on the Growth and Yield of Locally Popular Traditional Aromatic Rice Varieties in Boro Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in boro season to determine the optimum planting date and to select the varieties having high yield potential. Traditional aromatic photoperiod sensitive fine rice varieties; Kalijira, Kataribhog, Chinigura and Badshabhog were transplanted from 10 December and continued up to 25 January, both in 2000 and 2001 years, at an interval of 15 days. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm x 20 cm. Results exhibited that plant tallness, number of tillers and dry matter increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the contrary, the number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and growth duration decreased with delaying of planting dates. The intermediate short stature plant type of Chinigura exhibited higher number of panicles (300-331 m-2) and comparatively heavier individual grain (12.25-12.31 g), consequently gave higher grain yield (2.79-3.53 t ha-1 ) planted with in December. However, in late planted situation in 10 January Kalijira exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1, resulted higher grain yield than the rest of the varieties. Thus, cultivation of traditional aromatic fine rice Chinigura and Kalijira have the potentiality to produced higher grain yield when planted in early December in Boro season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):20-28

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