Growth of shoots and roots, and interception of radiation by wheat and lupin crops on a shallow, duplex soil in response to time of sowing

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Gregory ◽  
J Eastham
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Late Sowing

Crops of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Gungurru) and wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Kulin or Spear) sown close to the break of the season and 3-6 weeks later were grown on a duplex soil at East Beverley, WA, over 3 seasons. The overall aim of the work was to examine the influence of time of sowing on growth and water use of the crops, and this paper reports their growth and yield. Early sowing resulted in greater shoot weight of all crops (up to 2.8 t/ha for lupin and 1.7 t/ha for wheat at maturity) and grain yield of lupin, but grain yield of wheat was increased in only 1 of the 3 seasons. The principal effect of the delayed sowing was to reduce the duration of linear growth; the rate of the initial exponential phase was slightly reduced by later sowing as was the rate of growth during the linear phase in lupin (by about 1.5 g/m2day) but not in wheat. Late sowing generally reduced both the number of pod/ears per unit area and the number of grains per pod/ear. Doubling the density of sowing in one of the seasons had no effects on the shoot weight and grain yield of lupin with early or late sowing but decreased those of wheat. Downward root growth of early-sown crops averaged 5.2 mm/day for lupin and 8.7 mm/day for wheat in the 3 seasons and ceased at about 0.8 m; time of sowing had no effect on these measures. Root weight at flowering was greater in lupin than in wheat crops, and root weight of lupin was about 0.5 of total plant weight during vegetative growth compared with 0.25-0.3 in wheat. Typically, only 5-6% of the root length of both crop species was present in the clay layer at flowering irrespective of sowing time. The proportion of radiation intercepted reached a higher maximum value for early-sown crops (about 0.75 in 1991 and 0.90 in 1992) than late-sown crops (about 0.60 in 1991 and 0.8 in 1992). The conversion coefficients of radiation to dry matter were very similar (about 1.8 g/MJ) for both species, but the greater partitioning of dry matter to roots in lupin than wheat meant that conversion coefficients for shoot dry matter were greater in wheat (1.43-1.68 g/MJ) than in lupin (0.93-1.16 g/MJ). The results demonstrate that early sowing produced larger crops of both lupin and wheat; this resulted in larger lupin yields, but yield of wheat was affected by disease and drought during grain filling.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing time on growth and yield attributes of three mustard cultivars grown in Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
MAR Sharif ◽  
MZ Haque ◽  
MHK Howlader ◽  
MJ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period from November, 2011 to March 2012 under the tidal Floodplain region to find out optimum sowing time for the selected three cultivars (BARI Sharisha-15, BINA Sharisha-5 and BARI Sharisha-9). There were four sowing dates viz. 30 November, 15 December, 30 December and 15 January. Significant variations due to different sowing dates were observed in plant height, total dry matter, leaf area index, number of siliqua plant-1, seeds silique-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and HI. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.73 t ha-1) was obtained from the first sowing (30 November) with BINA Sharisha-5 and it was significantly different from the yields of all other combination.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 155-160, December 2016

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

Effects of sowing time and nitrogen fertiliser on canola and wheat, and nitrogen fertiliser on Indian mustard. I. Dry matter production, grain yield, and yield components

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hocking ◽  
M. Stapper
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Late Sowing

Canola, Indian mustard, and wheat were grown under dryland conditions at Ariah Park and Cowra (canola only) in the cropping belt of New South Wales, Australia, to determine the effects of sowing time (canola and wheat) and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on the growth, grain yield, and yield components of the crops. Compared with an April sowing, the grain yield of canola at Ariah Park was reduced by 35% for a May sowing and by 67% for a July sowing. Canola yield at Cowra was reduced by 45% between early and late May sowings. Wheat yield declined by 35% between the May and July sowings at Ariah Park. Grain yields of canola and wheat at Ariah Park responded to N fertiliser in the April and May sowings, but not in the July sowing. Indian mustard had a higher yield than thecomparable sowing of canola. Canola yields at Cowra were more responsive to N fertiliser than at Ariah Park, and increased from 0.5 to 2.9 t/ha with 100 kg N/ha. For each day that sowing canola was delayed at both sites after Aprill—early May, anthesis was delayed on average by 0.52 days. For Dollarbird wheat, the delay in anthesis was 0.39 days per day sowing was delayed. Dry matter accumulation by the oilseeds was greatest during flowering, but before anthesis for wheat. Late sowing had little effect on the proportions of dry matter accumulated in a particular growth period. Irrespective of sowing time, grain yields and dry-matter harvest indices of the oilseeds were similar to values for wheat when differences in the biosynthetic costs of grain and straw production were taken into account. Late sowing usually resulted in a greater reduction in canola oil concentration than high N fertiliser rates. Canola oil concentration was reduced by 1.7 percentage points per 1mp;deg;C increase in mean temperature during grain filling as a result of sowing late. It was concluded that N fertiliser could not compensate for the yield reduction in canola and wheat due to sowing late. Early sowing was essential to achieve high oil levels in canola.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Santiel Alves Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
João Carlos Madalão ◽  
Douglas Gomes Viana ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of improved cassava genotypes for yield and related traits for a better breeding strategy under different agroecologies in Nigeria

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Adetoro ◽  
O. O. Oworu ◽  
A. L. Nassir ◽  
A. Bello ◽  
E. Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Fresh Root

AbstractThis study aimed at determining shoot and root characteristics of cassava as affected by root yield and the influence of soil moisture on vegetative growth and yield. Thirty cassava genotypes were evaluated for morphological and physiological characterization in three locations in Nigeria: Ibadan, Mokwa and Zaria. Randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Studies on the pasting properties of the genotypes were also carried out. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, stay-green ability, garri and fresh root weight. Genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) across and within locations for shoot and root characteristics. Across locations, genotype 011663 had the highest plant height (132.4 cm); 30572 had the largest stem girth (8.6 cm); and 010040 was the best stay-green (2.2). Genotype 011086 had the highest number of roots per plot (95.7), 950289 had the highest fresh root yield (24.3 t/ha), and 990554 had the highest percentage of dry matter (35.2). Trends in root yields across locations were Ibadan (28.9 t/ha), Mokwa (20.3 t/ha), and Zaria (8 t/ha). Five genotypes IITA-TMS-IBA950289, 010034, 990554, 011807, and 980581 had negligible interactions with the environment and so have broad adaptation and are considered stable; and two clones 011807 and 950166 were found to be the best for pasting properties. Breeding strategies that consider root size, total root number, harvest index, dry matter, with applications for household foods and industrial uses, will be an effective and efficient way to select genotypes for high yield.

scholarly journals Performance of Wheat as Affected by Different Irrigation Levels and Sowing Dates

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Md Sohel Mahmud ◽  
Md Jafar Ullah ◽  
Md Abdullahil Baque ◽  
Lutfun Naher ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Plot Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of irrigations and sowing dates on growth and yield performance of wheat in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of November 18, 2012 to March 30, 2013. The experiment was comprised of two factors, viz. factor A: two irrigations namely irrigation (I) and no irrigation i.e. control (I0), and factor B: three sowing dates such as S1: 1st sowing on 18 November, S2: 2nd sowing on 03 December and S3: 3rd sowing on 18 December. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Irrigation was assigned in the main plot, while sowing time was in the sub-plots. Data on grain yield and different yield contributing characters were taken after harvest. Results indicated that the highest grain yield was obtained with I (2.915 t ha-1) and S1 (2.983 t ha-1). The interaction of irrigation (I) and sowing on 18 November (S1) showed the maximum yield (3.387t ha-1), spike length (17.08 cm), 1000 grain weight (43.4 g), spikelets spike-1 (20.03) and grain spike-1 (65.58) of wheat.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 77-85

scholarly journals N-fertilizer postponing application improves dry matter translocation and increases system productivity of wheat/maize intercropping

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Falong Hu ◽  
Zhilong Fan ◽  
Wen Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Jointing Stage

AbstractIntercropping increases the grain yield to feed the ever-growing population in the world by cultivating two crop species on the same area of land. It has been proven that N-fertilizer postponed topdressing can boost the productivity of cereal/legume intercropping. However, whether the application of this technology to cereal/cereal intercropping can still increase grain yield is unclear. A field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in the arid region of northwestern China to investigate the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield performance of wheat/maize intercropping in response to N-fertilizer postponed topdressing application. There were three N application treatments (referred as N1, N2, N3) for maize and the total amount were all 360 kg N ha−1. N fertilizer were applied at four time, i.e. prior to sowing, at jointing stage, at pre-tasseling stage, and at 15 days post-silking stage, respectively. The N3 treatment was traditionally used for maize production and allocations subjected to these four stages were 2:3:4:1. The N1 and N2 were postponed topdressing treatments which allocations were 2:1:4:3 and 2:2:4:2, respectively. The results showed that the postponed topdressing N fertilizer treatments boosted the maximum average crop growth rate (CGR) of wheat/maize intercropping. The N1 and N2 treatments increased the average maximum CGR by 32.9% and 16.4% during the co-growth period, respectively, and the second average maximum CGR was increased by 29.8% and 12.6% during the maize recovery growth stage, respectively, compared with the N3 treatment. The N1 treatment was superior to other treatments, since it increased the CGR of intercropped wheat by 44.7% during the co-growth period and accelerated the CGR of intercropped maize by 29.8% after the wheat had been harvested. This treatment also increased the biomass and grain yield of intercropping by 8.6% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with the current N management practice. This yield gain was primarily attributable to the higher total translocation of dry matter. The N1 treatment increased the transfer amount of intercropped wheat by 28.4% from leaf and by 51.6% from stem, as well as increased the intercropped maize by 49.0% of leaf, 36.6% of stem, and 103.6% of husk, compared to N3 treatment, respectively. Integrated the N fertilizer postponed topdressing to the wheat/maize intercropping system have a promotion effect on increasing the translocation of dry matter to grain in vegetative organs. Therefore, the harvest index of intercropped wheat and maize with N1 was 5.9% and 5.3% greater than that of N3, respectively. This demonstrated that optimizing the management of N fertilizer can increase the grain yield from wheat/maize intercropping via the promotion of accumulation and translocation of dry matter.

scholarly journals Effects of Enzymatic Biofertiliser on Growth and Yield of Lentil Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation/ Enzimatisko Biomçslojumu Ietekme Uz Daþâdu Lçcu Genotipu Augðanu Un Raþu Irigâcijas Trûkuma Apstâkïos

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Hamid Mostafavi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the important pulse crops in semiarid agro-ecological zones with a Mediterranean-type climate. Terminal drought stress and poor plant nutrition are important factors limiting crop under these regions. The effects of enzymatic biofertiliser (MOG) application at sowing time or during reproductive stage on some morphological traits and yield components of eight lentil lines were evaluated under deficit-irrigation conditions at Maragheh (37°23' N; 46°16' E) in northwestern Iran. Results revealed that application of biofertiliser did not significantly affect most of the morphological traits. However, foliar application of MOG during early flowering stage somewhat increased 100-grain weight and grain yield and decreased the number of empty pod per plant. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant diversity between lentil lines for the investigated traits. The best performance for grain yield was recorded for FLIP 86-35L. The overall lack of considerable response of lentil to the MOG treatments may suggest that the optimal efficiency of biofertiliser cannot be achieved under water scarcity conditions. Improvement in the adaptation of enzymatic fertilisers to semi arid regions with terminal drought stress requires to be increased.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Bari Mung-5 Under Different Time of Sowing

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Nargis Jahan ◽  
M M Golam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Pod Length

A field experiment was carried out at University of Dhaka from March to July, 2011 to study the effect of time of sowing on the growth and yield of BARI mung-5. The treatments consisted of three dates of sowing viz. March 15, April 15 and May 15. The crop responded significantly to sowing time and 15 April sowing seeds produced plants having maximum plant height (68.4 cm), leaves/plant (29.33), total dry matter/plant (17.99), branches/plant (8.17), pods/plant (11.33), pod length (8.78 cm), seeds/pod (11.17), 1000 seed weight (46.52 g), seed yield/plant (5.33 g), yield/ha (1.77 t) and harvest index (29.58 %) at harvest. The seed yield decreased by 36.8 and 49.9% when seed sown early (15 March) or late (15 May) due to production of lower yield components.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12966   Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 227-231, 2012    

Sowing time and tillage practice affect chickpea yield and nitrogen fixation. 1. Dry matter accumulation and grain yield

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Horn ◽  
CJ Birch ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
JA Doughton
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Sowing Time

Mean protein concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the Darling Downs of southern Queensland have fallen below 10% in recent years, preventing farmers from obtaining 'Prime Hard' status (13.0%) for their wheat crop. Two management options, for improving this situation are applications of nitrogenous fertiliser in a wheat monoculture or inclusion of a legume in rotation with wheat. Long-term trials at Warra, on the western Darling Downs, resulted in the selection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as a useful grain legume cash crop with potential for improvement of its nitrogen (N) fixing ability through management. This 2-year study examined the effect of sowing time and tillage practice on dry matter yield, grain yield, N accumulation and N2 fixation in chickpea and the subsequent soil N balance. There were 3 sowing times during autumn and winter of each year using conventional tillage (CT). Zero tillage (ZT) was introduced after the first crop for all sowing times. Greater total dry matter yield and grain yield (4.18-5.95 and 1.63-2.25 t/ha, respectively) resulted from sowing in autumn or early winter than from sowing in late winter (3.39-3.86 and 0.97-1.22 kg/ha, respectively). The effects of tillage practice were variable, depending on growth stage. At harvest, ZT plots produced greater total dry matter yield (4.20 t/ha) and grain yield (1.94 t/ha) than CT plots (3.01 and 1.29 t/ha, respectively), whereas at the time of maximum dry matter, yield was higher under CT for autumn sowings, and under ZT for winter sowings.

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