The Occurrence of Mucoid Substances in Insects

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Day
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
Larval Midgut ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Rectal Glands ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Three histochemical tests, which demonstrate mucoid substances of vertebrate origin, have been applied to a variety of insect tissues. Mucoid materials seem to be absent from the contents of the insect midgut, but a positive reaction may be given by. the striated border of the epithelium. Goblet cells of the larval midgut of Lepidoptera and rectal glands of all of the insects studied give a negative reaction, but the salivary glands of the cockroach, grasshopper, larval calliphorids, and worker honeybee all contain mucoid substances. In general, these materials seem to be of less frequent occurrence in insects than they are in most other animal phyla. The significance of the observed distribution of mucoid substances in insects is discussed, particularly in relation to the functions of the peritrophic membrane and the salivary glands.

Histochemical studies of dopa oxidase and peroxidase in the mantle-edge of the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Mantle Edge ◽  
Dopa Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Reaction

The mantle-edge gland produces the highly tanned, densely fibrous periostracum, and the cubocolumnar cells contribute to the deposition of the less highly tanned matrix of the inner shell layers. The mantle-edge gland gives positive reactions for dopa oxidase and peroxidase, but does not contain melanin. The cubocolumnar cells reveal a positive reaction for dopa oxidase, possess numerous melanin granules, and exhibit a negative reaction for peroxidase. It is suggested that quinones may contribute to the process of tanning and hardening of the structural proteins of the shell. The dopa oxidase reaction within the cubocolumnar cells indicates the presence of tyrosine and suggests that these cells are capable of producing quinones to color and harden the protein component of the inner shell layers. It also explains the abundance of melanin granules within these cells. Within the mantle-edge gland, it is suggested that the peroxidase inhibits the formation of melanin from dopa quinone, and peroxidase, by accentuating quinone production, may cause further hardening of the periostracum.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histochemical aspects of zigotic embryo and leaves in 'Coqueiro Anão'

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-872
Author(s):  
Marlucia Cruz de Santana ◽  
Margarete Magalhães Souza ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Sílvio Lopes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Acidic Compounds ◽  
Insoluble Polysaccharides

The paper provides information about histochemical staining reactions in leaves and embryos of 'Coqueiro Anão' (Cocos nucifera). It was compared in vitro coconut and autotrophic palm leaves. Reactions for insoluble polysaccharides and acidic compounds, protein, extractable lipids, lignin and other classes of compounds were tested using histochemical tests. None sample gave positive reaction for lignin and phenolic compounds. All the samples gave positive reaction for protein, starch and insoluble polysaccharides while acidic compounds were positive only in in vitro leaves. Both in vitro and autotrophic leaves gave positive reaction for lipids showing presence of cuticle even in in vitro leaves. Only autotrophic palm leaves showed idioblasts containing calcium oxalate crystals.

Antigenic variation in its biological context

1984 ◽  
Vol 307 (1131) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Context

The biology of antigenic variation is discussed, and the problems that must be solved to provide a full understanding of antigenic variation are considered. These are (i) the induction of v.s.g. synthesis in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly; (ii) the nature of the restriction on v.s.g. genes that allows only some of them to be expressed in the salivary glands; (iii) the nature of ‘predominance’ in v.s.g. expression in the mammalian host, and the mechanism by which it operates; (iv) the repression of v.s.g. synthesis in the insect midgut; (v) the anamnestic response that produces expression of the ingested variant in the first patent parasitaemia in the mammalian host; (vi) the mechanism by which only one v.s.g. gene at a time is expressed; (vii) the relationship if any ofv.s.g. structure to v.s.g.-associated differences in growth rate and host range; (viii) the role of v.s.g. release within the life cycle and to pathogenesis.

Steroid regulated programmed cell death during Drosophila metamorphosis

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (22) ◽  
pp. 4673-4683 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jiang ◽  
E.H. Baehrecke ◽  
C.S. Thummel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Salivary Gland Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Larval Midgut ◽  
Insect Metamorphosis ◽  
Specific Regulation

During insect metamorphosis, pulses of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) direct the destruction of obsolete larval tissues and their replacement by tissues and structures that form the adult fly. We show here that larval midgut and salivary gland histolysis are stage-specific steroid-triggered programmed cell death responses. Dying larval midgut and salivary gland cell nuclei become permeable to the vital dye acridine orange and their DNA undergoes fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis. Furthermore, the histolysis of these tissues can be inhibited by ectopic expression of the baculovirus anti-apoptotic protein p35, implicating a role for caspases in the death response. Coordinate stage-specific induction of the Drosophila death genes reaper (rpr) and head involution defective (hid) immediately precedes the destruction of the larval midgut and salivary gland. In addition, the diap2 anti-cell death gene is repressed in larval salivary glands as rpr and hid are induced, suggesting that the death of this tissue is under both positive and negative regulation. Finally, diap2 is repressed by ecdysone in cultured salivary glands under the same conditions that induce rpr expression and trigger programmed cell death. These studies indicate that ecdysone directs the death of larval tissues via the precise stage- and tissue-specific regulation of key death effector genes.

The New Edition of the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-735
Author(s):  
Modena Wilson ◽  
Donald M. Berwick ◽  
Carolyn DiGuiseppi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Clinical Preventive Services ◽  
Clinical Prevention ◽  
And Training

Preventive services compose a large portion of primary care pediatrics, and pediatricians by their nature and training seem extraordinarily disposed toward clinical prevention. Therefore, when the first edition of the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services appeared in 1989 from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the negative reaction of the organized pediatric community was disappointing. The second edition of that guide has just been released, and we three pediatricians, who have worked hard during the past 5 years as members and staff of the second task force, hope for a far more positive reaction from our colleagues this time around.

scholarly journals Mucus formation in goblet cells

1933 ◽  
Vol 113 (784) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Golgi Zone

The formation of mucus in goblet cells and its relation to the Golgi apparatus has been studied by various workers. Nassanow (1923) showed clearly that the mucin granules in the goblet cells of Triton originated in the Golgi apparatus, and so brought secretion in these cells into line with his theory of the bound secretion. More recently Clara (1926) has shown in the goblet cells of birds that the mucin first appears in the region next to the nucleus, between it and the gland lumen. Florey (1932, a, b ) has considered this more extensively in two recent papers, and for a number of mammals has shown that the mucin granules of goblet cells first form in the meshes of the Golgi network. In epithelial cells of the mouse vagina, undergoing conversion into mucous cells, he has found that the same process occurs. In a recent investigation of secretory formation in the salivary glands and pancreas it was found by the present author that in every cell type examined the young secretory granules first appeared in the basal region of the cell in relation to the mitochondria. Subsequent emigration occurred into the Golgi zone, where they underwent conversion into mature secretory granules. In the mucous cells of the salivary glands it was shown that these newly formed granules might be stained intravitam by Janus green or neutral red, and that in fixed preparations they stained selectively with acid fuchsin as described by Noll (1902), In the light of this work it appeared probable that while mucin formation might occur in the Golgi zone of the goblet cells as described by these authors, the origin of the granules might lie in the basal region of the cell.

The occurrence and significance of the pertirophic membrane, with special reference to adult lepidoptera and diptera.

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
Tubular Membranes

Adults of a number of lepidopterous families and most adult cyclorrhaphous Diptera possess a tubular chitinous peritrophic membrane arising at the level of the oesophageal invagination. Membranes containing chitin, and produced by the general midgut epithelium, are present in adults of some other families of Lepidoptera and in some nematocerous and orthorrhaphous Diptera. In some species of these latter groups (e.g. the blood-sucking females of mosquitoes and tabanids) membranes appear to be mainly formed following ingestion of food and are produced by a restricted region of the general midgut epithelium. Chitin-containing membranes enveloping the food are present also in Thysanura, Embioptera, Mallophaga, Coleoptera (Dermestidae and Carabidae), Mecoptera, and Hymenoptera (some Formicidae). It has been established that the midgut epithelium is able to secrete a chitinous membrane. It is probable that the ancestral insect midgut epithelium possessed the capacity to secrete chitinous membranes enveloping the food. This capacity has been lost in some insects and in others it has been restricted to a particular zone of the midgut. It is possible that the well-defined tubular membranes are the result of the restriction of this capacity to the extreme anterior end of the midgut.

scholarly journals Isolation of natural inhibitors of papain obtained from Carica papaya latex

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Monti ◽  
Jonas Contiero ◽  
Antonio José Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Carica Papaya Latex ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Studies were carried out to natural papain inhibitor from papaya latex. Fresh latex from green fruits of Carica papaya was collected and immediately transported in ice bath to the lab, from which three fractions with inhibitor effect of esterase papain activity were isolated by latex dialysis, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and ionic exchange chromatography in SP-Sephadex C-25. The isolated fractions, identified as inhibitors I and II, showed a negative reaction with ninhydrin; however, the fraction identified as P-III showed positive reaction with ninhydrin. Kinetics data showed non-competitive inhibition (inhibitor I) and uncompetitive (inhibitors II and P-III).

The clock protein PERIOD is expressed in goblet cells of the larval midgut in the silkworm,Bombyx mori

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Soo Park ◽  
Yuichi Egi ◽  
Makio Takeda ◽  
Katsuhiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Larval Midgut ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori ◽  
Clock Protein

Polysaccharides in the different stages of the life-cycles of certain sporozoa

Parasitology ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Residual Mass ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Residual Masses

Glycogen proved to be absent in the malaria parasites (Plasmodium and Hepatocystis) by applying cytochemical methods; while in the piroplasms (Theileria and Babesia), and in Hepatozoon glycogen could be demonstrated by using the same methods. A strong positive reaction for polysaccharides was obtained in the residual masses of Hepatozoon sciuri, and H. balfouri; while a negative reaction was obtained in the residual mass of Plasmodium. A positive reaction for polysaccharides was obtained in the following structures: the wall of the oocysts of Plasmodium, the gametocyte capsules of Hepatozoon sciuri and Hepatozoon sp., the sporoblast capsule of H. sciuri, and the polar areas of the gametocyte of H. balfouri.

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