scholarly journals The Uptake of Radio-Active Phosphate by Nematode Parasites and by Tissues of the Sheep

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Helene B Esserman ◽  
Pauline M Sambell
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Relative Uptake

The relative uptake of radio-active phosphate by the tissues of the sheep and by the parasites Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus contortus, and Oesophagostomum columbianum has been investigated.

scholarly journals Nematode-Larvae Infestation in Goats Fed "Malojillo" (Pará Grass) and Merker Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
H. Ciordia ◽  
J. D. Rivera-Anaya
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum

1. The degree of nematode larvae infestation in goats fed malojillo (Pará grass) and Merker grass in Puerto Rico was investigated in an attempt to determine whether goats would become more significantly parasitized when eating either one of the two grasses. 2. The technique of raising and-maintaining parasite-free animals is described. 3. Blood samples for hemoglobin and packed-cell determinations and fecal samples for nematode ova counts were obtained every 15 days from the 10 experimental goats. 4. It was found that goats eating malojillo harbored a larger number of nematode parasites than those eating Merker grass. Ova of Strongyloides papillosus appeared in the feces of the goats even before the beginning of this work, but that infestation disappeared about a month before the end of the experiment. Haemonchus contortus ova were seen next, being followed chronologically by Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum columbianum. The latter species was harbored only by the goats receiving malojillo. Goats eating Merker grass exhibited 8.9 ova per gram of fecal sample throughout the experiment, those receiving malojillo showed 48.2 eggs per sample, while those in the control group had only 0.57 eggs per sample. 5. All animals were sacrificed at the conclusion of this work and the digestive tracts thoroughly searched for helminths. More nematodes were secured from the goats eating malojillo than from the other two groups. A total of 1,028 nematodes was recovered from animals in the malojillo group, 191 from the Merker group, and only 3 from the control group receiving imported hay.

scholarly journals Bacterial Culture Filtrates Antinematode Activity of Abomasum Bacterial Culture Filtrates against Haemonchus contortus in Small Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843
Author(s):  
Asfa Nazish ◽  
Fozia ◽  
Baharullah Khattak ◽  
Taj Ali Khan ◽  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Nematode Mortality

Haemonchosis is a parasitic disease of small ruminants that adversely affects livestock production. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most prevalent nematode parasites that infect the abomasum of small ruminants. This parasite reduces milk production, overall growth and sometimes causes the death of the infected animals. The evaluation of the biocontrol potential of some abomasum bacterial isolates against H. contortus is investigated in this study. Out of which, three isolates—Comamonas testosteroni, Comamonas jiangduensis, Pseudomonas weihenstephanesis—show significant effect against the nematode L3, adult, and egg hatch inhibition assays. Various concentrations of metabolites from these bacteria are prepared and applied in different treatments compared with control. In the case of adult mortality assay, 50% metabolites of C. testosteroni and P. weihenstephanesis show 46% adult mortality, whereas C. jiangduensis shows 40% mortality. It is observed that decreasing the concentration of bacterial metabolite, lowers nematode mortality. The minimum nematode mortality rate is recorded at the lowest filtrates concentration of all the bacterial isolates. The same trend is observed in egg hatch inhibition assay, where the higher concentration of bacterial culture filtrates shows 100% inhibition of H. contortus egg. It is concluded that the effect of bacterial culture filtrates against H. contortus is dose-dependent for their activity against nematode L3, adult, and inhibition of egg hatchment.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Orlando Wilmsen ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Silva ◽  
César Cristiano Bassetto ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Parenthesis

Gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil between April 2008 and March 2011. Every month, two tracer lambs grazing with a flock of sheep were exposed to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes for 28 consecutive days. At the end of this period, the lambs were sacrificed for worm counts. Haemonchus contortus presented 100% of prevalence. The seasons exerted no significant influence on the mean intensity of H. contortus, which ranged from 315 worms in November 2010 to 2,5205 worms in January 2011. The prevalence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis was also 100%, with the lowest mean intensity (15 worms) recorded in February 2011 and the highest (9,760 worms) in October 2009. In the case of T. colubriformis, a significant correlation coefficient was found between worm counts vs. rainfall (r = −0.32; P <0.05). Three other nematodes species were found in tracer lambs, albeit in small numbers. Their prevalence and mean intensity (in parenthesis) were as follows: Oesophagostomum columbianum 28% (25.2), Cooperia curticei 7% (4.5) and Trichuris spp. 2% (1). In conclusion, the environmental conditions of the area proved to be highly favorable for the year-round transmission of H. contortus and T. colubriformis.

scholarly journals PREVALÊNCIA DOS HELMINTOS Haemonchus contortus E Oesophagostomum columbianum EM PEQUENOS RUMINANTES ATENDIDOS NO SETOR DE ANATOMIA PATOLÓGICA – UEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Vanessa Tiemi Endo ◽  
Thais Cabral De Oliveira ◽  
Adilson Paulo Marchioni Cabral ◽  
Cláudio Alessandro Massamitsu Sakamoto ◽  
Gisela Cristiane Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum

scholarly journals Characterization of a Rhodanese Homologue from Haemonchus Contortus and its Immune-Modulatory Effects on Goat Immune Cells in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujian Wang ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan ◽  
Jianmei Huang ◽  
Kalibixiati Aimulajiang ◽  
RuoFeng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Suppression and modulation of the immune response of the host by nematode parasites have been reported widely. Rhodaneses or thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases are present in a wide range of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Previously, it was reported that a rhodanese homology could bind by goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo.Results: In the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant rhodanese protein originated from Haemonchus contortus (rHCRD), which was one of the parasitic nematodes of small ruminants. The effect of this protein on modulating the immunity of goat PBMC and monocyte was studied in the current work. The predominant localization of the natural HCRD protein was verified as the bowel wall and body surface of worms, according to the immunohistochemical tests. It was proved in this study that the serum produced by artificially infecting goats with H. contortus successfully recognized rHCRD which conjugated goat PBMCs. The rHCRD was co-incubated with goat PBMCs to observe the immunomodulatory effect on proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of cytokines exerted by HCRD. The results showed that the interaction of rHCRD suppressed proliferation of goat PBMCs stimulated by ConA but did not induce the apoptosis of goat PBMCs. After rHCRD exposure, the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly decreased, however, it significantly increased the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in goat PBMCs. Phagocytotic assay by FITC-dextran internalization showed that rHCRD inhibited the phagocytosis of goat monocytes. Moreover, rHCRD could down-regulate the expression of MHC-II on goat monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: These discoveries proposed a possible target as immunomodulator, which was potentially beneficial to illuminate the interaction between parasites and hosts in the molecular level and hunt for innovative protein species as candidate targets of drug and vaccine.

scholarly journals Characterization of a rhodanese homologue from Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effects on goat immune cells in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujian Wang ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan ◽  
Jianmei Huang ◽  
Kalibixiati Aimulajiang ◽  
RuoFeng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Modulation of the host immune response by nematode parasites has been widely reported. Rhodaneses (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases) are present in a wide range of organisms, such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Previously, it was reported that a rhodanese homologue could be bound by goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo.Methods: In the present study, we cloned and produced a recombinant rhodanese protein originating from Haemonchus contortus (rHCRD), a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. rHCRD was co-incubated with goat PBMCs to assess its immunomodulatory effects on proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine secretion.Results: We verified that the natural HCRD protein localized predominantly to the bowel wall and body surface of the parasite. We further demonstrated that serum produced by goats artificially infected with H. contortus successfully recognized rHCRD, which bound to goat PBMCs. rHCRD suppressed proliferation of goat PBMCs stimulated by concanavalin A but did not induce apoptosis in goat PBMCs. The production of TNF-α and IFN-γ decreased significantly, whereas secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 increased, in goat PBMCs after exposure to rHCRD. rHCRD also inhibited phagocytosis by goat monocytes. Moreover, rHCRD downregulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on goat monocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but did not alter MHC-I expression.Conclusions: These results propose a possible immunomodulatory target that may help illuminate the interactions between parasites and their hosts at the molecular level and reveal innovative protein species as candidate drug and vaccine targets.

scholarly journals The Biological Significance of Haemoglobin in Nematode Parasites I. The Characteristics of the Purified Pigments

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
WP Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Fractionation ◽  
Very High

Haemoglobins from Nippostrongylus muris, Nematodirus�spp., and Haemonchus contortus were purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and their properties examined. All the haemoglobins showed a very high affinity for oxygen; the tension of half saturation (P50) for Nematodirus haemoglobin of concentrations about 1 x 10-4 g.-atoms of iron per 1. at pH 7.4 was in the region of 0.04 mm. of mercury. The P50 for H. contortus haemoglobin was similar to that of Nematodirus .spp.; N. muris haemoglobin had a somewhat higher p:;o' The. parasite haemoglobins all showed an unusually low affinity for carbon monoxide, the equilibrium constant, K = [HbCO] X p02/[Hb02] X pCO, having a value of about 1. The "span," the distance between the a-bands of oxyhaemoglobin and carboxyhaemoglobin, varied from 60 to 65 A. for the three parasites. None of the haemoglobins obtained from the parasites showed properties supporting the view that there is a linear relationship between log K and the "span."

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