scholarly journals The Demonstration of Antibodies in the Intestinal Mucus of Sheep Infected with Oesophagostomum Columbianum by Means of the Percutaneous Anaphylaxis Test

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage

There is little evidence in the literature that a direct approach has been made to the demonstration of antibodies against helminth infections in mucus (Pierce 1959; Soulsby 1960). Soulsby attempted to detect these antibodies in intestinal mucus with haemagglutinating techniques but had no success. Less direct evidence is available, however, for the existence of immune substances in the intestinal mucus of infected animals, because Douvres (1962) has reported the existence of in vitro precipitin reactions against the third-stage and third-moult phase larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum using intestinal extracts from infected calves. Similarly the hypertrophy of lymphoid (Soulsby 1962) and mucin (Wells 1963) cells within the intestinal tissues during nematode infections is indicative of an immune response.

A Summary of the Third Global Interferon-γ Release Assay Symposium

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Catanzaro ◽  
Charles Daley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ifn Γ

Studies over the past several decades have dramatically increased our understanding of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and advances in proteomics and genomics have led to a new class of immune-diagnostic tests, termed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), which appear to obviate many of the problems encountered with the tuberculin skin test (TST). Worldwide, 2 IGRAs are currently commercially available. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (Cellestis) is a third-generation product that uses an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure IFN-γ generated in whole blood stimulated with M. tuberculosis–specific antigens. T-Spot-TB (Oxford Immunotec) employs enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot technology to enumerate the number of purified lymphocytes that respond to M. tuberculosis–specific antigens by producing IFN-γ. These in vitro tests measure the host immune response to M. tuberculosis–specific antigens, which virtually eliminates false-positive cross reactions caused by bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and/or exposure to environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria that plague the interpretation and accuracy of the tuberculin skin test (TST). The high specificity of IGRAs, together with sensitivity commensurate with or better than that of the TST, promises an accurate diagnosis and the ability to focus tuberculosis-control activities on those who are actually infected with M. tuberculosis. The Third Global Symposium was held over a 3-day period and was presented by the University of California, San Diego, Continuing Medical Education department; slides and sound recordings of each presentation are available at http://cme.ucsd.edu/igras/syllabus.html. A moderated discussion is also available at http://cme.ucsd.edu/igrasvideo. This document provides a summary of the key findings of the meeting, specifically focusing on the use of IGRAs in screening healthcare worker populations.

The effect of catecholamines and catecholamine antagonists on the third larval moult of Dirofilaria immitis in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Warbrick ◽  
S. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Larval Moult

ABSTRACTVarious catecholamines and catecholamine antagonists have been examined for their effects on the third larval moult of the parasitic nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, cultured in vitro. The non-selective α and β agonist, noradrenaline, and the β agonist, isoprenaline, had no effect on the timing of the third stage moult when used at a concentration of 10−5M. The α-adrenergic antagonist. phentolamine, resulted in worm mortality at 10−5M. At 10−7M, both phentolamine and the β-antagonist, propranolol caused a significant reduction in the numbers of larvae capable of completing the third stage moult. Idazoxan, an a2-antagonist, at 10−5M did not affect worm mortality but did completely prevent ecdysis. The potential of these compounds as possible filaricides is discussed.

In vitro development of cyathostomin larvae from the third stage larvae to the fourth stage: morphologic characterization, effects of refrigeration, and species-specific patterns

2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Salvatore Giannetto ◽  
Donato Traversa ◽  
Sharon R. Chirgwin ◽  
Krishna Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Stage ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Vitro Development

scholarly journals Effects of selected Palestinian plants on the in vitro exsheathment of the third stage larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Majed Jamous ◽  
Mohammed Saleem Ali-Shtayeh ◽  
Salam Yousef Abu-Zaitoun ◽  
Alex Markovics ◽  
Hassan Azaizeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Development of Оesophagostomum dentatum (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Larvae Cultured in Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
V. А. Yevstafieva ◽  
I. I. Panikar ◽  
V. V. Melnychuk ◽  
L. N. Korchan ◽  
N. A. Perederii
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Abstract Morphometric peculiarities of the development of Оesophagostomum dentatum Rudolphi, 1803 from egg to infective larva were studied under laboratory conditions at various temperatures. The determined optimum temperature for embryonic and post-embryonic development of О. dentatum larvae from domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) is 22 °С. At this temperature, 81 % of larvae develop to the third stage (L3) on the 10th day. Temperatures of 24 °С and 20 °С are less favorable for the development of the nematode, at those temperatures only 67 and 63 % of larvae, respectively, reached infective stage by the 10th day of cultivation. Embryonic development of О. dentatum eggs is characterized by their lengthening (by 8.87-9.50 %, р < 0.01) and widening (by 6.77-9.35 %, р < 0.05-0.01), and post-embryonic larval development is associated with lengthening (by 4.59-17.33 %, р < 0.01-0.001).

The In Vitro Action of Immune Serum on the Juveniles of the Nematode, Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) Stossich, 1899

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Dhar ◽  
Kunwar Suresh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. A precipitate was formed at the oral opening, excretory pore and anal opening of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum in the presence of immune serum in vitro, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death in large numbers. The precipitates failed to appear on these juveniles in normal serum or in saline; nor did they appear on the third stage juveniles on incubation in immune sera. Apparently the excretory-secretory products of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum serve as antigen and play an important role in the stimulation of antibodies in the host.2. Inactivation of the immune serum did not destroy the precipitin type of antibody, nor was it affected when the immune animals had been treated with cortisone.3. Immune serum from animals receiving multiple infections showed a higher antibody titre.4. The possible way in which the antibody acts on the fourth stage juveniles, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death, is discussed.

Cultivation of the third-stage larvae of Necator americanus in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hata ◽  
K. Paz Coelho ◽  
P. J. Miranda ◽  
S. Tateno
Keyword(s):  
Necator Americanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

Cryopreservation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and third-stage larvae

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Lok ◽  
M. Mika-Grieve ◽  
R. B. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractMicrofilariae of Dirofilaria immitis retained their infectivity for susceptible mosquitoes after cooling to −196°C in the presence of 5% dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) using a two-step cooling sequence. Motility and in vitro development of cryopreserved microfilariae also compared favourably with unfrozen controls. Third-stage larvae frozen by the same cooling sequence in the presence of either 5% Me2SO or 16% hydroxyethyl starch were motile upon thawing. Thawed larvae completed the third- to fourth-stage moult in vitro at a frequency approximately 5 to 10% of that seen in unfrozen controls.

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