scholarly journals Effects of selected Palestinian plants on the in vitro exsheathment of the third stage larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Majed Jamous ◽  
Mohammed Saleem Ali-Shtayeh ◽  
Salam Yousef Abu-Zaitoun ◽  
Alex Markovics ◽  
Hassan Azaizeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

The effect of catecholamines and catecholamine antagonists on the third larval moult of Dirofilaria immitis in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Warbrick ◽  
S. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Larval Moult

ABSTRACTVarious catecholamines and catecholamine antagonists have been examined for their effects on the third larval moult of the parasitic nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, cultured in vitro. The non-selective α and β agonist, noradrenaline, and the β agonist, isoprenaline, had no effect on the timing of the third stage moult when used at a concentration of 10−5M. The α-adrenergic antagonist. phentolamine, resulted in worm mortality at 10−5M. At 10−7M, both phentolamine and the β-antagonist, propranolol caused a significant reduction in the numbers of larvae capable of completing the third stage moult. Idazoxan, an a2-antagonist, at 10−5M did not affect worm mortality but did completely prevent ecdysis. The potential of these compounds as possible filaricides is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Five Mediterranean Shrubs Extracts on Larval Exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aïssa ◽  
F. Manolaraki ◽  
H. Ben Salem ◽  
H. Hoste ◽  
K. Kraiem
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Medicago Arborea ◽  
Mediterranean Shrubs ◽  
Third Stage

Background: Mediterranean shrub species cover more than 70% of the total area in Tunisia and in summer when the herbaceous species have wilted, they constitute feeding resource for livestock. The use of tanniniferous shrubs seems to be a good alternative to control gastrointestinal nematodes infections in small ruminants. This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) effect of Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua), Periploca angustifolia Labill. (P. angustifolia) and Medicago arborea (M. arborea) against Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae (L3). Methods: The larval exsheathment assay (LEA) was used to determine the proportions (%) of exsheathment of five acetonic extracts at different concentrations (1200, 600, 300, 150 μg/ml). To confirm the role of tannins in the AH effects of extracts, polyvinyl polypyrolidone (PVPP) was used as deactivating chemical tannins. Result: The highest % L3 exsheathed was recorded for M. arborea (55.01%) and the lowest value was founded for C. siliqua and P. angustifolia leaves (16.26%). Our results were concentration-dependent (P less than 0.001). The % of exsheathment increased as the time of incubation increased (P less than 0.001). P. angustifolia pods recorded the lowest EC50 value (P less than 0.05). After PVPP addition, all the acetonic extracts showed a restoration of L3 exsheathment values similar to control values (P less than 0.001).

In vitro development of cyathostomin larvae from the third stage larvae to the fourth stage: morphologic characterization, effects of refrigeration, and species-specific patterns

2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Salvatore Giannetto ◽  
Donato Traversa ◽  
Sharon R. Chirgwin ◽  
Krishna Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Stage ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Vitro Development

scholarly journals The Demonstration of Antibodies in the Intestinal Mucus of Sheep Infected with Oesophagostomum Columbianum by Means of the Percutaneous Anaphylaxis Test

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage

There is little evidence in the literature that a direct approach has been made to the demonstration of antibodies against helminth infections in mucus (Pierce 1959; Soulsby 1960). Soulsby attempted to detect these antibodies in intestinal mucus with haemagglutinating techniques but had no success. Less direct evidence is available, however, for the existence of immune substances in the intestinal mucus of infected animals, because Douvres (1962) has reported the existence of in vitro precipitin reactions against the third-stage and third-moult phase larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum using intestinal extracts from infected calves. Similarly the hypertrophy of lymphoid (Soulsby 1962) and mucin (Wells 1963) cells within the intestinal tissues during nematode infections is indicative of an immune response.

In vitro anthelmintic activity of active compounds of the fringed rue Ruta chalepensis against dairy ewe gastrointestinal nematodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ortu ◽  
G. Sanna ◽  
A. Scala ◽  
G. Pulina ◽  
P. Caboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractInfections by gastrointestinal nematodes negatively affect small ruminant health and at the same time cause substantial economic losses worldwide. Because resistance to conventional anthelmintic compounds is growing, target studies evaluating the effectiveness of alternative ingredients of botanical origin on gastrointestinal nematodes are needed. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts on the third-stage larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. A methanol extract showed the highest anthelmintic activity, with an EC50 = 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/ml after 96 h, while the essential oil had an EC50 = 1.45 ± 1.22 mg/ml after 48 h. Moreover, three secondary metabolites of the essential oil, i.e. 2-decanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone, showed EC50 values of 0.07 ± 0.06, 0.25 ± 0.29 and 0.88 ± 0.73 mg/ml at 24 h, respectively. The present study indicated that the R. chalepensis methanol extract, the essential oil and its metabolites 2-decanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone showed promising anthelmintic activity on gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Development of Оesophagostomum dentatum (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Larvae Cultured in Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
V. А. Yevstafieva ◽  
I. I. Panikar ◽  
V. V. Melnychuk ◽  
L. N. Korchan ◽  
N. A. Perederii
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Abstract Morphometric peculiarities of the development of Оesophagostomum dentatum Rudolphi, 1803 from egg to infective larva were studied under laboratory conditions at various temperatures. The determined optimum temperature for embryonic and post-embryonic development of О. dentatum larvae from domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) is 22 °С. At this temperature, 81 % of larvae develop to the third stage (L3) on the 10th day. Temperatures of 24 °С and 20 °С are less favorable for the development of the nematode, at those temperatures only 67 and 63 % of larvae, respectively, reached infective stage by the 10th day of cultivation. Embryonic development of О. dentatum eggs is characterized by their lengthening (by 8.87-9.50 %, р < 0.01) and widening (by 6.77-9.35 %, р < 0.05-0.01), and post-embryonic larval development is associated with lengthening (by 4.59-17.33 %, р < 0.01-0.001).

Cultivation of the third-stage larvae of Necator americanus in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hata ◽  
K. Paz Coelho ◽  
P. J. Miranda ◽  
S. Tateno
Keyword(s):  
Necator Americanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

Cryopreservation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and third-stage larvae

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Lok ◽  
M. Mika-Grieve ◽  
R. B. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractMicrofilariae of Dirofilaria immitis retained their infectivity for susceptible mosquitoes after cooling to −196°C in the presence of 5% dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) using a two-step cooling sequence. Motility and in vitro development of cryopreserved microfilariae also compared favourably with unfrozen controls. Third-stage larvae frozen by the same cooling sequence in the presence of either 5% Me2SO or 16% hydroxyethyl starch were motile upon thawing. Thawed larvae completed the third- to fourth-stage moult in vitro at a frequency approximately 5 to 10% of that seen in unfrozen controls.

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