scholarly journals Changes in Milk Composition During Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby (Macropus Eugenii)

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
J Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Milk samples were obtained at regular intervals throughout lactation from tammar wallabies (M. eugenii). Total solids represented only 12 % (w/w) of the milk at the commencement of lactation and gradually increased to about 40% at 36 weeks. Milk proteins represented 4% (w/w) of whole milk during the first 18 weeks of lactation, followed by a rapid increase to around 13 % (w/w) at 36 weeks. Sodium and potassium concentrations were high in early samples of milk but declined to minimal values at 30 weeks. The milk was isosmotic to the plasma at all stages.

scholarly journals Changes in the Milk Proteins during Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W Green ◽  
Marilyn B Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Whole Milk

Samples of whey proteins from the milk of tammar wallabies, Macropus eugenii, were examined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis at all stages of lactation up to 280 days post partum. Whey albumin, ,B-globulin and y-globulin fractions had similar electrophoretic mobility to that of the equivalent serum protein fractions, but the proteins in the IX-globulin and pre-albumin regions differed markedly. The IX-globulins are presumed polymorphic because individuals at the same stage of lactation showed great variability in these electrophoretic regions: up to five polymorphic bands were recognized. Milk proteins changed qualitatively throughout lactation, and in particular the concentration of the pre-albumin and IX-globulin fractions increased from approximately day 180 to the end of lactation. Total protein concentration of both whole milk and whey approximately doubled in the second half of lactation compared to the first half, reaching maximum mean values of 114 � 47 and 96 � 50 g 1- 1 , respectively. Whole milk contained consistently more protein than whey, presumably due to the casein it contains.

Milk composition of the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii Desmarest) (Macropodoidea:Marsupialia) in captivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rose ◽  
A. D. Shetewi ◽  
K. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
High Level

This is the first study of milk composition in any member of the wallaby genus Thylogale. Milk samples (n = 44) were collected after oxytocin injection from 12 females carrying pouch young aged 2–30 weeks followed by sampling of the mothers until weaning by Week 39. The lactation period could be partitioned into early (Weeks 2–20), mid (Weeks 21–30) and late (>30 weeks) stages. Although milk concentrations changed little during lactation the energy content increased almost 4-fold from 540 ± 39 kJ (100 mL)–1 (mean ± s.e.) to 1908 ± 102 kJ (100 mL)–1. Carbohydrate concentrations decreased from 13.3 ± 0.1 g (100 mL)–1 (early lactation) to 10.9 ± 0.9 g (100 mL)–1 in mid-lactation, falling to 4.8 ± 0.9 g (100 mL)–1 in late lactation. Lipid increased from 6.3 ± 1.1 g (100 mL)–1 to 12.5 ± 4.1 g (100 mL)–1, reaching 31.4 ± 5.0 g (100 mL)–1 in late lactation. Protein increased from 3.3 ± 0.1 g (100 mL)–1 to 9.7 ± 1.6 g (100 mL)–1 in mid-lactation to 14.0 ± 1.5 g (100 mL)–1 in late lactation. This relatively high level of lipid and protein in late lactation may be the cause of the more rapid growth and, hence, shorter pouch life of the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii) compared with the well studied tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).

scholarly journals Impact of maternal nutrition and perinatal factors on breast milk composition after premature delivery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel HASCOET ◽  
Martine CHAUVIN ◽  
Christine PIERRET ◽  
Sebastien SKWERES ◽  
Louis-dominique VAN EGROO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Relationship Of

(1) Background: Premature infants require mothers’ milk fortification to meet nutrition needs, but breast milk composition may be variable leading to a risk of inadequate nutrition. We aimed at determining factors influencing mothers’ milk macronutrients. (2) Methods: Milk samples were analyzed for the first 5 weeks after premature delivery, by infrared spectroscopy. Mothers’ nutritional intake data were obtained during standardized interviews with dieticians then analyzed with reference software. (3) Results: Composition of 367 milk samples from 81 mothers was (Median [range]g/100mL): Carbohydrates 6.8[4.4-7.3], lipids 3.4[1.3-6.4], proteins 1.3[0.1-3.1]. There was a relationship of milk composition with mothers’ carbohydrates intake only (r=0.164; p<.01). Postnatal age was correlated with milk proteins (r=-0.505 p<.001) & carbohydrates (r=+0.202, p<.001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed (coefficient) a relationship between milk proteins r=0.547 and postnatal age (-0.028), carbohydrates intake (+0.449) and the absence of maturation (-0.066); and between milk lipids r=0.295 and carbohydrates intake (+1.279) and smoking (-0.557). Finally, between milk carbohydrates concentration r=0.266 and postnatal age (+0.012) and smoking (-0.167). (4) Conclusions: Variability of mothers’ milk composition is differentially associated for each macronutrient with maternal carbohydrates intake, antenatal steroids, smoking, and postnatal age. Improvement in milk composition could be achieved by modification of these related factors.

Composition of Grade A and Manufacturing Grade Herd Milks in South Dakota

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 696-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. BAER ◽  
JOEL L. SOMMERFELDT ◽  
KAREN M. TIESZEN
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk ◽  
Herd Milk

Biweekly Grade A and manufacturing grade herd milk samples were collected from April 1, 1985, to March 31, 1986, from 203 herds in the Sioux Falls, SD, area and were analyzed to compare composition. The average herd milk composition was 3.70% fat, 3.24% protein, 4.80% lactose, 0.63% ash, 8.67% solids-not-fat (SNF), and 12.37% total solids (TS). Grade A milk had higher % lactose (4.83 and 4.76), % SNF (8.70 and 8.61), and % TS (12.41 and 12.30) than manufacturing grade milk. These compositional differences between grades were consistent throughout the year. Grade A milk has more value in the production of dried dairy products (nonfat dry milk and whey powders) and ice cream than manufacturing grade milk due to its higher lactose and SNF content. New milk pricing plans for protein and other constituents should consider compositional differences (lactose, SNF and TS) that exist between grade A and manufacturing grade herd milk before implementing them.

scholarly journals German Shepherd Dog Milk Composition and Its Changes During Lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
A. Dokoupilová ◽  
I. Svobodová ◽  
H. Chaloupková ◽  
L. Kouřimská ◽  
B. Dvořáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Infra Red

Abstract Milk composition of nine lactating German Shepherd nursing females was studied. The experiment took place at the breeding facility of Police of the Czech Republic (breeding centre for service dogs in Domažlice) in days 2−30 of the females’ lactation. Females were given a commercial granulated feeding mixture (starter category). Canine milk samples were analyzed using an infra-red instrument MilkoScan FT 120. Calculated mean values for colostrum (day 2 postpartum) and normal milk (days 4−29 postpartum) were: 23.86 and 24.63% for total solids, 8.14 and 7.22% for protein, 6.04 and 5.76% for casein, 10.22 and 11.32% for fat, 3.40 and 4.48% for lactose. German Shepherd milk showed almost no variation in composition after day 4 of lactation. Differences observed between colostrum and normal milk composition were statistically insignificant but not for lactose. No significant differences in density and other composition parameters between colostrum and normal milk were identified.

Note: The Effect of Silo Milk Composition Parameters on Heat Stability of Whole Milk Powder

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Negri ◽  
M. S. Chavez ◽  
M. A. Taverna ◽  
A. L. Cuatrin ◽  
A. C. Rubiolo
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Whole Milk Powder

The aim of this work was to study silo raw milk (SRM) compositional parameters that affect the heat stability of whole milk powder (WMP). Seasonal changes of heat stability from SRM and WMP were also characterised. Silo raw milk samples and the corresponding WMP samples were collected twice a month from a local factory from April 2000 to April 2001. Silo raw milk heat coagulation time (HCT), urea and lactose concentrations were found to contribute to milk powder HCT statistical model (R2 = 0.72). High HCT values during summer and low ones during spring were detected for both SRM and WMP samples. Heat coagulation time values of SRM were always higher than those measured in their powders, due to the effects of processing conditions on heat stability

Collection of fore and hind milk from the sow and the changes in milk composition during suckling

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Atwood ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Time

SummaryA new sampling method for the collection of fore and hind milk from the sow has been developed which resembles normal milk removal by the piglet, yet overcomes the difficulties of collecting milk that is available for only a short time (10–20 s) at each let-down. Samples of hind milk were collected immediately after the completion of a successful sucking, while the fore milk was collected at the beginning of the next natural let-down. Modification of existing assays for fat, protein and lactose was required to provide rapid analysis of the small volumes (< 0·5 ml) of milk collected using this procedure, and these methods were validated by comparison with reference methods. Total solids and the concentration of fat in whole milk, and protein and lactose in skim milk, were measured in fore and hind milk collected from 4, 20, 12 and 12 sows respectively, 6–11 d post partum. For fore milk, the results (mean ± SD (n)) were: total solids, 199·9±9·9 g/1 (8); fat, 96·7 ± 13·9 g/1 (41), protein, 47·7±4·5 g/1 (27) and lactose, 58·3 + 4±0 g/1 (27). In hind milk, there was a significant increase in the concentration of fat (15·3 g/1, p < 0·001, n = 41) which was reflected by a significant increase in total solids (14·7 g/1, P < 0·001, n = 8) and calculated energy (511 kj/l, P < 0·001, n = 27), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of either protein or lactose. This increase in milk fat during milk letdown is in contrast to the results of most previous studies in the sow and is discussed in terms of the possible mechanisms that may cause the concentration of fat to increase as milk is removed from the mammary gland.

Effect of polymorphisms in the leptin, leptin receptor and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes and genetic polymorphism of milk proteins on bovine milk composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Glantz ◽  
Helena Lindmark Månsson ◽  
Hans Stålhammar ◽  
Marie Paulsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The relations between cow genetics and milk composition have gained a lot of attention during the past years, however, generally only a few compositional traits have been examined. The aim of this study was to determine if polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes as well as genetic polymorphism of β-casein (β-CN), κ-CN and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) impact several bovine milk composition traits. Individual milk samples from the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were analyzed for components in the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral profiles. Cow alleles were determined on the following SNP: A1457G, A252T, A59V and C963T on the LEP gene, T945M on the LEPR gene and Nt984+8(A-G) on the DGAT1 gene. Additionally, genetic variants of β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG were determined. For both the breeds, the same tendency of minor allele frequency was found for all SNPs and protein genes, except on LEPA1457G and LEPC963T. This study indicated significant (P<0·05) associations between the studied SNPs and several compositional parameters. Protein content was influenced by LEPA1457G (G>A) and LEPC963T (T>C), whereas total Ca, ionic Ca concentration and milk pH were affected by LEPA1457G, LEPA59V, LEPC963T and LEPRT945M. However, yields of milk, protein, CN, lactose, total Ca and P were mainly affected by β-CN (A2>A1) and κ-CN (A>B>E). β-LG was mainly associated with whey protein yield and ionic Ca concentration (A>B). Thus, this study shows possibilities of using these polymorphisms as markers within genetic selection programs to improve and adjust several compositional parameters.

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