scholarly journals Ovarian Follicles of New-born Merino Lambs from Genetic Lines which Differ in Fecundity

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J Tassell ◽  
JP Kennedy ◽  
M Bindon ◽  
LR Piper
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
New Born

Ovaries were obtained from 78 new-born lambs (12 singletons, 25 twins, 28 triplets, 10 quadruplets and 3 quintuplets) from flocks selected for (T902, T903 and Booroola) or against (0) multiple births. Sections of the ovaries were examined with a projection microscope and the numbers of all types of follicles were estimated. There were no differences between genetic lines in the number of primordial follicles, after adjustment for litter size and sire; however, there were significantly more of these follicles in single-born lambs than in lambs born in litters of two or more within genetic lines. The number of vesicular follicles was lower in Booroola than in 0 lambs.

Proceedings: Ovarian follicles and hormonal characteristics of ewe lambs selected for and against multiple births

Reproduction ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
A. Trounson ◽  
W. Chamley ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
R Tassell
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Ewe Lambs

231 CELLULAR PROLIFERATION IN FETAL OVARIAN FOLLICLES FROM LATE PREGNANT SHEEP FED MAINTENANCE OR RESTRICTED DIETS WITH NORMAL OR ENHANCED SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
W. J. Arndt ◽  
A. Grazul-Bilska ◽  
J. S. Caton ◽  
E. Borowczyk ◽  
P. P. Borowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia are the major processes for tissue growth and development. The fetal ovaries represent a type of tissue that expresses high cellular proliferation rates. Selenium (Se) is a mineral that has diverse biological functions and affects cellular proliferation in numerous tissues including cancer, digestive tract, and placenta. It has been demonstrated that levels and sources (organic vs. inorganic) of Se may affect tissue growth. This experiment was designed to determine whether maternal consumption of differing levels of energy and Se impacts cell proliferation in fetal ovarian follicles. Sheep (n = 36) were fed a maintenance (M; 2.12 Mcal/kg) or energy restricted (ER; 60% of maintenance; nutrition restriction occurred from Day 50 to Day 135 of pregnancy) diet with high Se (HSe; 81.5 �g/kg body weight) or normal Se (NSe; 7.4 �g/kg body weight) concentration from 21 days before breeding to Day 135 of pregnancy. At slaughter on Day 135 of pregnancy, fetal tissues were collected and fixed in Carnoy's solution. Ovaries (n = 3-6/treatment group) were weighed, sectioned (one section along the longitudal axis/ovary) and stained for the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for proliferating cells. To determine the proportion of proliferating primordial follicles or the labeling index (percentage of proliferating cells; Jablonka-Shariff et al. 1994 Biol. Reprod. 51, 531) for primary, secondary, and antral follicles, digital images of the tissues were taken and analyzed using a computerized image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus; Media Cybernetics, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA). The primordial follicle was considered as proliferating when at least one granulosa cell was PCNA-positive. The number of proliferating and non-proliferating cells was determined for granulosa of primary follicles (n = 225 total) and for granulosa and theca cells of secondary (n = 198) and antral (n = 96) follicles, and used to calculate the labeling index. The data were analyzed using the general linear models procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The number of proliferating primordial follicles was decreased (P < 0.05) by restricted energy diet and Se treatment (11.9 � 1.7 for NSe-M diet vs. 7.2 � 1.3 for HSe-M diet and 8.3 � 0.8 for NSe-ER diet vs. 4.7 � 0.8 for HSe-ER diet). However, energy restriction or Se did not affect labeling index in primary, secondary, and antral follicles. The labeling index was similar for theca and granulosa cells from secondary, or antral follicles. The labeling index was greatest (P < 0.05) for antral, less for secondary and least for primary follicles (24.2 � 1.1% vs. 20.2 � 0.7% vs. 13.3 � 0.4%). These results demonstrate that both level of energy and Se in the maternal diet affects cellular proliferation in primordial but not in primary, secondary, or antral follicles in fetal ovaries. In addition, cellular proliferation increases as fetal follicular development progresses. These data indicate that level of energy and Se in the maternal diet may impact fetal ovarian development during the early stage of folliculogenesis. This work ws supported by USDA grant 2005-35206-15281 and Hatch Project ND01712.

scholarly journals Combined iDISCO and CUBIC tissue clearing and lightsheet microscopy for in toto analysis of the adult mouse ovary†

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McKey ◽  
Lisa A Cameron ◽  
Devon Lewis ◽  
Iordan S Batchvarov ◽  
Blanche Capel
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Tissue Clearing

Abstract At any given time, the ovary contains a number of follicles in distinct growth stages, each with a set of identifying characteristics. Although follicle counting and staging using histological stains on paraffin-embedded ovary sections has been the gold standard in assessing ovarian health in fertility studies, the final counts rely on extrapolation factors that diverge greatly among studies. These methods also limit our ability to investigate spatial aspects of ovary organization. Recent advances in optical tissue clearing and lightsheet microscopy have permitted comprehensive analysis of intact tissues. In this study, we set out to determine the best clearing and imaging methods to generate 3D images of the complete adult mouse ovary that could be used for accurate assessments of ovarian follicles. We found that a combination of iDISCO and CUBIC was the best method to clear the immunostained ovary. Using lightsheet microscopy, we generated 3D images of the intact ovary and performed qualitative assessments of follicles at all stages of development. This study is an important step toward developing quantitative computational models that allow rapid and accurate assessments of growing and quiescent primordial follicles, and to investigate the integrity of extrinsic ovarian components including vascular and neuronal networks.

scholarly journals Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Modifier Subunit (Gclm) Null Mice Have Increased Ovarian Oxidative Stress and Accelerated Age-Related Ovarian Failure

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 3329-3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhwan Lim ◽  
Brooke N. Nakamura ◽  
Isaac Mohar ◽  
Terrance J. Kavanagh ◽  
Ulrike Luderer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oxidative Protein Damage ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The One ◽  
Damage Marker

Glutathione (GSH) is the one of the most abundant intracellular antioxidants. Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH. Our prior work showed that GSH plays antiapoptotic roles in ovarian follicles. We hypothesized that Gclm−/− mice have accelerated ovarian aging due to ovarian oxidative stress. We found significantly decreased ovarian GSH concentrations and oxidized GSH/oxidized glutathione redox potential in Gclm−/− vs Gclm+/+ ovaries. Prepubertal Gclm−/− and Gclm+/+ mice had similar numbers of ovarian follicles, and as expected, the total number of ovarian follicles declined with age in both genotypes. However, the rate of decline in follicles was significantly more rapid in Gclm−/− mice, and this was driven by accelerated declines in primordial follicles, which constitute the ovarian reserve. We found significantly increased 4-hydroxynonenal immunostaining (oxidative lipid damage marker) and significantly increased nitrotyrosine immunostaining (oxidative protein damage marker) in prepubertal and adult Gclm−/− ovaries compared with controls. The percentage of small ovarian follicles with increased granulosa cell proliferation was significantly higher in prepubertal and 2-month-old Gclm−/− vs Gclm+/+ ovaries, indicating accelerated recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool. The percentages of growing follicles with apoptotic granulosa cells were increased in young adult ovaries. Our results demonstrate increased ovarian oxidative stress and oxidative damage in young Gclm−/− mice, associated with an accelerated decline in ovarian follicles that appears to be mediated by increased recruitment of follicles into the growing pool, followed by apoptosis at later stages of follicular development.

The reproductive performance of Red Sokoto goats in Nigeria

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Adu ◽  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat

SUMMARYAn analysis has been made of the reproductive performance of Red Sokoto goat of Nigeria. Data are based on records of 140 kiddings from 96 does. Age at first kidding was 435 ± 18·9 days. The mean litter size at first kidding was 1·45. Prolificacy increased with parity, the kidding percentages from first to third parities being 141, 186 and 200 respectively. Doe weight was significantly correlated with litter size (r = – 0·27). Repeatabilities of litter size per doe kidding and of litter weight were negative. Heritability of litter size was 0·08 ± 0·02. Birth weights were low, the mean weight of kids during the 3 years ranging from 1·48 to 1·64 kg. Doe weight was related to litter weight in a manner such that litter weight as a proportion of doe weight tended to decline as doe weight increased. The ratio of litter weights of singles to twins at any given weight of the doe was 100:180. Kid mortality by 3 months of age was 30·8 %. Mortality among twins was only slightly higher than singles. However, mortality in kids born in multiple births (triplets and quadruplets) was much higher. Birth weights of surviving kids were significantly higher than of those that died.

scholarly journals Effects of PD-1 blockade on ovarian follicles in a prepubertal female mouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline C. Xu ◽  
Yi Luan ◽  
Seok-yeong Yu ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Donald W. Coulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Chimeric Antibody ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
T Cell Infiltration

Immunotherapy has emerged at the forefront of cancer treatment. Checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA), a chimeric antibody which targets programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has been approved by the FDA for use in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, there is currently no published data regarding the effects of pembrolizumab on the ovary of female pediatric patients. In this study, prepubertal immunocompetent and immunodeficient female mice were injected with pembrolizumab or anti-mouse PD-1 antibody. The number of primordial follicles significantly decreased post-injection of both pembrolizumab and anti-mouse PD-1 antibody in immunocompetent mice. However, no changes in follicle numbers were observed in immunodeficient nude mice. Superovulation test and vaginal opening experiments suggest that there is no difference in the number of COCs and the timing of puberty onset between the control and anti-mouse PD-1 antibody treatment groups, indicating that there is no effect on short-term fertility. Elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α following COX-2 upregulation was observed in the ovary. CD3+ T-cell infiltration was detected within some ovarian follicles and between stromal cells of the ovaries in mice following treatment with anti-mouse PD-1 antibody. Thus, PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade affects the ovarian reserve through a mechanism possibly involving inflammation following CD3+ T-cell infiltration.

scholarly journals Survival factors regulating ovarian apoptosis -- dependence on follicle differentiation

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Markstrom ◽  
ECh Svensson ◽  
R Shao ◽  
B Svanberg ◽  
H Billig
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Survival Factors ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Fetal Ovary

Only a minute fraction of the ovarian follicles present in a fetal ovary will complete the path to ovulation. Most of the follicles will undergo atresia, a hormonally controlled apoptotic process. Apoptosis occurs at each stage of follicular development and there is a marked reduction in the number of follicles present at birth. Stage-dependent mechanisms of follicle survival can be postulated to achieve co-ordinated development, leading to ovulation of a small fraction of follicles. Indeed, hormone and growth factor regulation of follicular atresia is stage-specific. This short review considers the factors that promote survival of ovarian follicles throughout development, including endocrine, locally produced and intracellular mediators, as exemplified mainly by follicular development in rodents. In primordial follicles, oocyte apoptosis is considered to be the cause of subsequent follicle degeneration. In slow-growing preantral follicles, FSH is not a survival factor, but some locally produced growth factors are. Progression to the antral follicle stage is probably the most critical stage of follicle development in vivo, and FSH is a major survival factor at this stage. In addition, insulin-like growth factor I and interleukin 1beta are potent survival factors for cultured rat follicles at the antral stage. Preovulatory follicles express receptors for LH, and both of the gonadotrophins are survival factors at this stage. Relatively little is known about the period between the LH surge and ovulation; however, it has been suggested that at this stage progesterone acts as a survival factor.

Litter size in the matebele goat and its effects on productivity

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
L Majele-Sibanda ◽  
M.J. Bryant ◽  
L.R. Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Essential Food

The Matebele goat is indigenous to the Gwanda-Thuli area of Matebeleland. It is relatively large in size compared to most goats of the tropics, males being around 65 cm at the withers and weighing more than 35 kg, and is similar to many of the goat breeds found in southern Africa.Goats are usually kept by poor small-holder farmers and are frequently found in regions with few resources where other livestock have difficulties in surviving. Goats are important to the subsistence and economic development of peasant farmers because goats are cheaper to procure than cattle and provide a constant supply of essential food (both meat and milk) and cash income throughout the year. However, goats have a low priority in most households and little attention is given to their husbandry and welfare. This hampers attempts to improve the productivity of the goats. The results reported here demonstrate the effects of multiple births in Matebele goats upon the overall productivity of the animals.

scholarly journals Effects of shikonin on the development of ovarian follicles and female germline stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052110294
Author(s):  
Shu-Xin Ma ◽  
Li-Bo Tang ◽  
Zhi-Hang Chen ◽  
Min-Li Wei ◽  
Zi-Juan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Ovarian Index

Objective To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of action of shikonin (SHK) on the development of ovarian follicles and female germline stem cells (FGSCs). Methods Female Kunming adult mice were administered SHK (0, 20 and 50 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Cultures of FGSCs were treated with SHK 32 μmol/l for 24 h. The ovarian index in mouse ovaries was calculated. Numbers of primordial, primary and atretic follicles were counted. Germline stem cell markers and apoptosis were examined. Levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Results Both doses of SHK significantly decreased the ovarian index, the numbers of primordial follicles, primary follicles and antral follicles in mice. SHK significantly increased the numbers of atretic follicles and atretic corpora lutea. SHK promoted apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. SHK significantly decreased the levels of the germline stem cell markers. SHK significantly lowered GSH levels and the activity of SOD in the peripheral blood from mice, whereas SHK significantly elevated cellular ROS content in FGSCs. Conclusions These current results suggested that follicular development and FGSCs were suppressed by SHK through the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress might be involved in this pathological process.

scholarly journals ŌvSim: a Simulation of the Population Dynamics of Mammalian Ovarian Follicles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Johnson ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
John W. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Growth Activation

AbstractNo two ovaries are alike, and indeed, the same ovary can change its architecture from day to day. This is because ovarian follicles are present in different numbers, positions, and states of maturation throughout reproductive life. All possible developmental states of follicles can be represented at any time, along with follicles that have committed to death (termed follicle atresia). Static histological and whole-mount imaging approaches allow snapshots of what is occurring within ovaries, but our views of dynamic follicle growth and death have been limited to these tools. We present a simple Markov chain model of the complex mouse ovary, called “ŌvSim”. In the model, follicles can exist in one of three Markov states with stationary probabilities, Hold (growth arrest), Grow, and Die. The probability that individual primordial follicles can growth activate daily, the fraction of granulosa cells that survive as follicles grow, and the probability that individual follicles can commit to atresia daily are user definable parameters. When the probability of daily growth activation is stationary at 0.005, the probability of atresia for all follicles is near 0.1, and the probability of granulosa cell survival is modeled around 0.88, ŌvSim simulates the growth and fate of each of the approximately 3000 postpubertal mouse ovarian follicles in a fashion that approximates actual biological measurements (e.g., follicle counts). ŌvSim thus offers a starting platform to simulate mammalian ovaries and to explore factors that might impact follicle development and global organ function.Author SummaryŌvSim is a computer simulation of the dynamic growth of mouse ovarian follicles. The program is offered as the beginning of a research and teaching platform to model asynchronous follicle growth and survival or death.

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