The flora of ultramafic soils in the Australia–Pacific Region: state of knowledge and research priorities

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony van der Ent ◽  
Tanguy Jaffré ◽  
Laurent L'Huillier ◽  
Neil Gibson ◽  
Roger D. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
High Concentration

In the Australia–Pacific Region ultramafic outcrops are both widespread and extensive, covering thousands of km2. Soils derived from ultramafic bedrock impose edaphic challenges and are widely known to host highly distinctive floras with high levels of endemism. In the Australia–Pacific Region, the ultramafics of the island of New Caledonia are famed for harbouring 2150 species of vascular plants of which 83% are endemic. Although the ultramafic outcrops in Western Australia are also extensive and harbour 1355 taxa, only 14 species are known to be endemic or have distributions centred on ultramafics. The ultramafic outcrops in New Zealand and Tasmania are small and relatively species-poor. The ultramafic outcrops in Queensland are much larger and host 553 species of which 18 (or possibly 21) species are endemic. Although New Caledonia has a high concentration of Ni hyperaccumulator species (65), only one species from Western Australia and two species from Queensland have so far been found. No Ni hyperaccumulator species are known from Tasmania and New Zealand. Habitat destruction due to forest clearing, uncontrolled fires and nickel mining in New Caledonia impacts on the plant species restricted to ultramafic soils there. In comparison with the nearby floras of New Guinea and South-east Asia, the flora of the Australia–Pacific Region is relatively well studied through the collection of a large number of herbarium specimens. However, there is a need for studies on the evolution of plant lineages on ultramafic soils especially regarding their distinctive morphological characteristics and in relation to hyperaccumulation.

Riethia (Kieffer 1917) (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised for the Austro-Pacific region

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4646 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER S. CRANSTON
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Standing Waters ◽  
Flowing Waters ◽  
Male Pupa

Riethia Kieffer, known previously from New Zealand for a species stated to be also in Australia plus several Australian and South American species, is revised for the Austro-Pacific region. The three previously-described Australian species Riethia stictoptera Kieffer (the genotype), Riethia cinctipes Freeman and Riethia plumosa Freeman are distinct and valid, and are redescribed in all stages. In contrast, Riethia zeylandica Freeman now is restricted to New Zealand: Australian specimens previously allocated to R. zeylandica belong to several new species recognised on morphology of adult male, pupa and larva, with guidance from molecular data. Most belong to a widespread eastern Australian Riethia azeylandica sp. n.: others are allocated to Riethia hamodivisa sp. n., Riethia paluma sp. n., Riethia phengari sp. n. and Riethia queenslandensis sp. n., each with a more restricted range. From Western Australia three species, Riethia donedwardi sp. n., Riethia noongar sp. n. and Riethia wazeylandica sp. n., are described as new from adult male, pupa and larva. Riethia kakadu sp. n. is described from the monsoonal tropics of Northern Territory from the adult male and tentatively associated pupa. From New Caledonia a reared species is described as Riethia neocaledonica sp. n.. Illustrated identification keys are provided for the males, pupae and larvae. Unassociated larvae that key to reared described species are excluded from type status, and based on morphology and molecular evidence three unreared larval types, ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’, are also described and keyed. Previously reported molecular vouchers are reviewed, and certain Genbank accessions re-identified. Extensive data shows Riethia are distributed almost throughout Australia from standing and flowing waters, from tropics and subtropics to cool temperate Tasmania, but probably only in permanent and standing waters. The immature stages of several taxa can co-occur: as many as four can be found simultaneously in one site. Terminology of the volsellae of the male genitalia and the dorsal head and maxilla of the larva is reviewed. 

Phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian centipede Henicops (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha): A combined morphological and molecular approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Colgan ◽  
Gregory Edgecombe ◽  
Deirdre Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractThe lithobiomorph centipede Henicops is widely distributed in Australia and New Zealand, with five described species, as well as two species in New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ca. 800 aligned bases of sequence data from 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA were conducted on a dataset including multiple individuals of Henicops species from populations sampled from different parts of species' geographic ranges, together with the allied henicopines Lamyctes and Easonobius. Morphological characters are included in parsimony analyses. Molecular and combined datasets unite species from eastern Australia and New Zealand to the exclusion of species from Western Australia, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. The molecular data favour these two geographic groupings as clades, whereas inclusion of morphology resolves New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, southwest Western Australia and Queensland as successive sisters to southeastern Australia and New Zealand. The basal position of the Lord Howe Island species in the phylogeny favours a diversification of Australasian Henicops since the late Miocene unless the Lord Howe species originated in a biota that pre-dates the island. The molecular and combined data resolve the widespread morphospecies H. maculatus as paraphyletic, with its populations contributing to the geographic groupings New South Wales + New Zealand and Tasmania + Victoria.

New observations on the genus Hypocreadium Ozaki, 1936 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific region, including the description of one new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2110 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODNEY A. BRAY ◽  
THOMAS H. CRIBB ◽  
JEAN-LOU JUSTINE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Atypical Form ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
One New Species

The following members of the genus Hypocreadium are described or redescribed: Hypocreadium cavum from the starry triggerfish, Abalistes stellatus, Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef; Hypocreadium patellare ‘Typical form’ from Abalistes stellatus, Swain Reefs, the masked triggerfish, Sufflamen fraenatum, Ningaloo, Western Australia and off New Caledonia and the titan triggerfish, Balistoides viridescens, off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef; Hypocreadium patellare ‘Atypical form A’ from the black-bar triggerfish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus, off Lizard Island and Palau and blackbelly triggerfish, R. verrucosus, off Palau; Hypocreadium patellare ‘Atypical form B’ from the yellow-spotted triggerfish, Pseudobalistes fuscus off Lizard Island; Hypocreadium picasso n. sp. from Rhinecanthus aculeatus, off Lizard Island and Palau, characterised by its broadly pyriform shape and lack of an anterior notch. A key to the species of Hypocreadium is presented. The similarity of the genus Lutianotrema to Hypocreadium is pointed out, but both known species of Lutianotrema are described with ‘dorsal’ oral suckers.

Leaf fossils of Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae: tracing the past of an important Australasian sclerophyll lineage

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Carpenter ◽  
Myall Tarran ◽  
Robert S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Western Australian

Fossils from the Eocene of South Australia and Western Australia and the Oligo–Miocene of Victoria represent the first known Australian leaf fossils of subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae. Persoonieaephyllum blackburnii sp. nov. is described from Middle Eocene Nelly Creek sediments near Lake Eyre, South Australia. Persoonieae are an important clade for understanding vegetation transitions in Australasia. The Nelly Creek leaf fossils are small (~6mm wide) and belong to an assemblage that has some characteristics of open vegetation, which is also inferred for the Oligo–Miocene of the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. In contrast, the Western Australian Late Eocene Persoonieae occur with diverse Lauraceae and other elements now typical of closed rainforests, and may, therefore, have been derived from communities that are unlike those in which most Persoonieae now occur. All fossil Persoonieae leaves so far known are hypostomatic (or virtually so), a state of stomatal distribution now only found in species of reasonably mesic habitats in New Zealand, New Caledonia and eastern Australian eucalypt forests. The ancestral state of stomatal distribution in Persoonieae leaves is unclear, but evidence suggests ancient associations of amphistomaty with open habitats, evolutionary loss of adaxial stomata in more closed vegetation, and the evolution of pronounced xerophylly within south-western Australian heathlands.

A phylogenetic recircumscription of Styphelia (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Styphelieae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Crayn ◽  
Michael Hislop ◽  
Caroline Puente-Lelièvre
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The taxonomic limits of Styphelia (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Styphelieae) have been contentious since the genus was first described. At one extreme, it has been circumscribed so broadly as to include most epacrids with drupaceous fruit, at the other, to include only those species that also have long-exserted anthers and styles. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that while all previous circumscriptions of Styphelia are non-monophyletic, a large clade (the Astroloma–Styphelia clade) is consistently well supported. This clade comprises Astroloma, in part (i.e. section Stomarrhena sensu Bentham), Coleanthera, Croninia, Leucopogon, in part (i.e. section Pleuranthus sensu Bentham) and Styphelia sensu Bentham. On the basis of those analyses, we here recircumscribe Styphelia phylogenetically to include all species belonging to the Styphelia–Astroloma clade. The 146 taxa occur mostly in Australia, with smaller numbers in New Zealand, New Caledonia (1 species extends to Fiji and Vanuatu) and Malesia. An additional 74 phrase-named taxa belong to this clade, including 70 from Western Australia and 4 from eastern Australia (all other Australian states and territories). The Styphelia floras of Western Australia, eastern Australia, New Caledonia and Malesia are each endemic or nearly so; 1 species (S. nesophila (DC.) Sleumer) is shared between New Zealand and eastern Australia, and 2 species (S. cordifolia (Lindl.) F.Muell. and S. woodsii (F.Muell.) F.Muell.) are shared between Western Australia and eastern Australia. An amended diagnosis of Styphelia is provided, new combinations are made for 25 taxa, and new names published for another 9. Lectotypes are designated for two names (Leucopogon brevicuspis Benth. and L. strictus Benth.) found to have taxonomically heterogeneous syntypes.

Antipodean Aftershocks: Group Settlement of Hebridean and non-Hebridean Britons in Western Australia following World War One

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Roy Jones ◽  
Tod Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The Sun ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
A Site

In the speech in which the phrase ‘land fit for heroes’ was coined, Lloyd George proclaimed ‘(l)et us make victory the motive power to link the old land up in such measure that it will be nearer the sunshine than ever before … it will lift those who have been living in the dark places to a plateau where they will get the rays of the sun’. This speech conflated the issues of the ‘debt of honour’ and the provision of land to those who had served. These ideals had ramifications throughout the British Empire. Here we proffer two Antipodean examples: the national Soldier Settlement Scheme in New Zealand and the Imperial Group Settlement of British migrants in Western Australia and, specifically, the fate and the legacy of a Group of Gaelic speaking Outer Hebrideans who relocated to a site which is now in the outer fringes of metropolitan Perth.

Leptochelia Vatulelensis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), A New Species From Anchialine Caves of the South-Western Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Modest Guţu ◽  
Thomas Iliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Anchialine Caves ◽  
A New Species

Leptochelia Vatulelensis(Crustacea: Tanaidacea), A New Species From Anchialine Caves of the South-Western PacificLeptochelia vatulelensisn. sp., discovered on the small islands of Vatulele (Fijian group) and Ouvéa (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia), is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from the others of the"Leptochelia-dubiagroup" (to which it is generally similar) by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) the presence of three to four distal setae on the maxilliped basis; (2) merus of pereopods III and IV with only a distosternal seta; (3) endopod of the uropods formed of four (rarely three) articles; (4) males with two (sometimes three) relatively short aesthetascs on the first five articles of the antennular flagellum; (5) male cheliped with a diminished dimorphism; (6) males with a vertical comb-row of setae on the cheliped propodus. Although it inhabits inland, anchialine caves, the new species lacks morphological features that are characteristic of some cave species.

scholarly journals The characteristics of behaviour change interventions used among Pacific people: a systematic search and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amio Matenga-Ikihele ◽  
Judith McCool ◽  
Rosie Dobson ◽  
Fuafiva Fa’alau ◽  
Robyn Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Background Pacific people living in New Zealand, Australia, United States, and the Pacific region continue to experience a disproportionately high burden of long-term conditions, making culturally contextualised behaviour change interventions a priority. The primary aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of behaviour change interventions designed to improve health and effect health behaviour change among Pacific people. Methods Electronic searches were carried out on OVID Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase and SCOPUS databases (initial search January 2019 and updated in January 2020) for studies describing an intervention designed to change health behaviour(s) among Pacific people. Titles and abstracts of 5699 papers were screened; 201 papers were then independently assessed. A review of full text was carried out by three of the authors resulting in 208 being included in the final review. Twenty-seven studies were included, published in six countries between 1996 and 2020. Results Important characteristics in the interventions included meaningful partnerships with Pacific communities using community-based participatory research and ensuring interventions were culturally anchored and centred on collectivism using family or social support. Most interventions used social cognitive theory, followed by popular behaviour change techniques instruction on how to perform a behaviour and social support (unspecified). Negotiating the spaces between Eurocentric behaviour change constructs and Pacific worldviews was simplified using Pacific facilitators and talanoa. This relational approach provided an essential link between academia and Pacific communities. Conclusions This systematic search and narrative synthesis provides new and important insights into potential elements and components when designing behaviour change interventions for Pacific people. The paucity of literature available outside of the United States highlights further research is required to reflect Pacific communities living in New Zealand, Australia, and the Pacific region. Future research needs to invest in building research capacity within Pacific communities, centering self-determining research agendas and findings to be led and owned by Pacific communities.

New Caledonian Triassic Bryozoa

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-747
Author(s):  
Andrej Ernst ◽  
Priska Schäfer ◽  
Jack A. Grant-Mackie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Middle Paleozoic

AbstractFour trepostome bryozoan species are described from the Upper Triassic of New Caledonia. They include one new genus Metastenodiscus n. gen. The studied fauna shows strong paleobiogeographic relations to New Zealand and less so to Japan. Morphological similarities between Middle Paleozoic and Triassic trepostome bryozoans (e.g., abundant diaphragms) are explained by homeomorphy.

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