Abscisic acid and its metabolites are involved in drought tolerance in four native species of Patagonian semiarid shrublands (Argentina)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Cenzano ◽  
Mariana Reginato ◽  
M. Celeste Varela ◽  
M. Virginia Luna
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Semiarid Shrublands

Drought is the main stress that affects growth of native species of Patagonian Monte. Physiological and biochemical traits with functional roles in adaptation to drought are still scarce in native species. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in dry matter content and abscisic acid (ABA) and its metabolites (phaseic acid-PA, dihydrophaseic acid-DPA, ABA conjugated with glucose-ABA-GE) level in green leaves and fine roots of four native species during contrasting seasons regarding water availability. Results show that grasses had higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and root dry matter content (RDMC) than Lycium chilense shrub and LDMC decreased during autumn in Larrea divaricata. In green leaves, there was an interaction between species and seasons for ABA and PA contents. L. divaricata had high ABA content during spring and low ABA content during autumn; while L. chilense showed the opposite pattern. During spring, drought tolerant species had high PA content while drought avoidant species had low PA content, and during autumn these species showed the opposite pattern. ABA-GE content was highest in L. chilense green leaves. In fine roots, ABA content was highest in L. divaricata and during spring PA was higher in L. divaricata than P. ligularis and L. chilense. PA was the only metabolite that decreased in L. divaricata during autumn. Results showed that ABA homeostasis maintains the functioning of different life forms with different drought resistance strategies in Patagonia semiarid shrublands. In green leaves of the drought avoidant L. chilense shrub, the ABA conjugation pathway was active in both seasons. During spring, the most drought tolerant L. divaricata showed highest activation of ABA synthesis and ABA oxidation pathways. During autumn L. chilense showed highest activation of ABA synthesis and together with P. ligularis showed active the ABA oxidation pathway.

Estimating dry matter content from spectral reflectance for green leaves of different species

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 7097-7109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Wang ◽  
John J. Qu ◽  
Xianjun Hao ◽  
E. Raymond Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Green Leaves

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Correlation between Hardness and Dry-matter Content of Storage Root in Sweetpotato[Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Dao-Bin TANG ◽  
Jian-Gang AN ◽  
Yi DING ◽  
Hui BAI ◽  
Kai ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Root

New Systems for the Digestion of Solid Wastes

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wellinger ◽  
U. Baserga ◽  
K. Egger
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Strong Shear ◽  
First Results

Two new systems for the digestion of solid wastes at thermophilic temperatures were developped and are currently being investigated at our research institute. The first system (ANCOM) was designed to process straw-rich cattle manure with a natural dry matter content of 18% to 22%. First results demonstrated a good specific gas production of 1.2 m3 biogas per m3 digester volume and day (54% methane) corresponding to a gas yield of 400 l per kg VS. A second digester system was developed to treat fruit, garden and vegetable (FGV-) waste. Because FGV-waste tends to float, a stirred tank reactor was designed in cooperation with an engineering firm. The reactor includes a distinguished new stirring system taking up strong shear forces and a hydraulic feeding system which guarantees that even during recirculation of the material, the hygenized digested substrate leaving the digester is not brought in contact with the fresh incoming material. First results measured at an HRT of 40 days demonstrated a specific gas production of 2.7 m3 per m3 fermenter and day.

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