Airborne pollen and spores in Melbourne

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Airborne Pollen And Spores

The incidence, on exposed slides, of pollen grains and spores from the atmosphere of Melbourne is recorded. Observations over 4½ years show that 30 types of pollen appear regularly each year and few of these are in great abundance. The highest concentration of pollen is in the period August-December and the lowest concentration in the period Aprii-May. In eariy spring, pollen grains from conifers and deciduous trees are most numerous, and in later spring and summer those from grasses and plantains predominate. Variations in weather conditions produce variations in the duration and concentration of the pollen cloud, both annually and within the season. High concentrations of fungal spores, at times exceeding those of pollen grains, occur during late spring and early summer, but follow a less clearly defined seasonal pattern than the pollen cloud. Pollen normally transferred by insects may at times become airborne in significant concentration. Grass pollen, because of its presence in the air over a long period and its high concentration during the Melbourne pollinosis season, must be considered important in relation to seasonal allergy. Other types of pollen and fungal spores, which are in high concentration for a shorter period or in less quantity for a long period, may also contribute to allergic symptoms.

scholarly journals Flowering and airborne pollen - a novel statistical approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idalia Kasprzyk ◽  
Adam Walanus
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intensive Growth

The time pattern of flowering significantly affects the pollen season, its beginning, length and the concentration of pollen grains in air. The forecasting models used in aerobiological studies were chiefly based on the elements of weather conditions; however, recently the phenology of pollen shedding has been taken into consideration in these models more and more frequently. The aim of the presented investigations was to determine to what extent the flowering and the occurrence of allergenic pollen grains in air coincided in time. The investigation was carried out in Rzeszów (SE Poland) in the years 2003-2004. The flowering of 19 allergenic plant species was observed and seven phenophases were distinguished. Aerobiological monitoring was based on the volumetric method. In the case of most herbaceous plants, the flowering period overlapped the pollen season, high concentrations of pollen being recorded throughout several phenophases. In general, the pollen of trees occurred during very short periods, frequently during one phenophase, while the investigated phenomena were missing each other. The most intensive growth of inflorescences of alder, hazel and birch was observed at the beginning of full fl owering or towards the end of full flowering.

scholarly journals Tree Pollen Spectra and Pollen Allergy Risk in the Osijek-Baranja County

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sikora ◽  
Marina Valek ◽  
Zdenka Šušić ◽  
Vera Santo ◽  
Dario Brdarić
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Measuring Site ◽  
Monitoring Stations

The forests of north-eastern Croatia, as well as various plants and trees in the parks and streets of the Osijek-Baranja County, produce large amounts of pollen during the pollen season, which can cause allergy symptoms in pollen sensitive individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the most frequent types of pollen in this area and estimate possible health risks, especially the risk of allergy. In 2009 and 2010, the staff of the Health Ecology Department of the Osijek Public Health Institute monitored tree pollen concentrations in four cities from the Osijek - Baranja County (Osijek, Našice, Đakovo and Beli Manastir) using a Burkard volumetric instrument. The results were affected by weather conditions. Windy and sunny days facilitated the transfer of pollen, whereas during rainy days, the concentration of pollen grains decreased. High pollen concentrations of Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Betulaceae, Salicaceae and Aceraceae could be the cause for symptoms of pollen allergy. In 2009, conifers, birch and poplar pollen were dominant at all monitoring stations with 5000 pollen grains (PG), 3188 PG and 3113 PG respectively. The highest number of pollen grains was recorded at measuring site Osijek. The variations in airborne pollen concentration between pollen seasons were recorded at all monitoring stations. The most obvious variations were recorded at measuring site Osijek. The usual pollination period lasts two to three months, which means that most pollen grains remain present from February to early June. However, the Cupressaceae / Taxaceae pollination periods last the longest and their pollen grains remain present until the end of summer. The risk of allergy was determined at four monitored measuring stations and the obtained data confirmed that the largest number of days with a high health risk was at the Đakovo measuring station for a species of birch. The research information aims to help allergologists and individuals allergic to plant pollen develop preventive measures and proper treatment therapies.

BioSigma Bioleaching Seeds (BBS): A New Technology for Managing Bioleaching Microorganisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Patricio Martínez ◽  
Pilar Parada
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Major Task ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Inoculum Storage

In Bioleaching, although it is already prove that chalcopyrite can be dissolved by microorganisms, a major task is to do it efficiently in economical terms at industrial scale. BioSigma Bioleaching Seeds (BBS) represents a biotechnological breakthrough for the production of bioleaching solutions on demand with high concentrations of biomining microorganisms. This innovation is mainly a product based on the encapsulation of BioSigma bioleaching microorganisms in a natural matrix of alginate. This technology gives the following operational advantages: 1. High concentration of inoculum. 2. Long period of inoculum storage (more than 1 year). 3. Reduction of volume and costs of transport of bioleaching solutions. 4. Homogeneous mineral inoculation; uniform inoculation of the ore using solid capsules. 5. Protection against toxic elements to retain the viability and activity of the bioleaching solutions. 6. Addition of additives for incorporation of nutrients or other molecules that enhance the activity. 7. Encapsulation of different bioleaching microorganisms producing specific "bioleaching seeds" for each biohydrometallurgical process. All the above advantages make this new technology a very attractive alternative to enhance bioleaching processes at on site operations and overcome stressful conditions for biomining microorganisms.

scholarly journals Thirteen-years of observations on primary sugars and sugar alcohols over remote Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Verma ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Pingqing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Sugar Alcohols

Abstract. In order to understand the atmospheric transport of bioaerosols, we conducted long-term observations of primary sugars and sugar alcohols over remote Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific from 2001 to 2013. Our results showed that concentrations of total sugar compounds for 13 years ranged from 1.2 to 310 ng m−3 (average, 46 ± 49 ng m−3). We found that atmospheric circulations significantly affect the seasonal variations of bioaerosol distributions over the western North Pacific. The primary sugars (glucose and fructose) maximized in summer, possibly due to a decreased transport of Asian aerosols and increased local emission of vegetation products from the vascular plants in Chichijima. We also found higher concentrations of sugar components (arabitol, mannitol and trehalose) in more recent years during summer/autumn, suggesting an enhanced emission of fungal and microbial species over the island. Sucrose peaked in late winter to early spring, indicating a springtime pollen contribution by long-range atmospheric transport, while elevated concentrations of sucrose in early summer could be assumed to be long-range transport of soil dust from Southeast Asia to Chichijima. Positive matrix factorization analyses suggested the locally emitted sugar compounds as well as long-range transported air borne pollen grains, microbes and fungal spores are the major contributors to total sugar compounds in the Chichijima aerosols. Backward air mass trajectories support the atmospheric transport of continental aerosols from the Asian continent during winter/spring over Chichijima.

Transfer of hydrophobic contaminants in urban runoff particles to benthic organisms estimated by an in vitro bioaccessibility test

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nakajima ◽  
K. Saito ◽  
Y. Isozaki ◽  
H. Furumai ◽  
A.M. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
High Concentrations

An in vitro bioaccessibility test was applied for assessing the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in road dust, into benthic organisms living in a receiving water body. The road dust is supposed to be urban runoff particles under wet weather conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution was used as a hypothetical gut fluid. Pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene were the main PAH species in the SDS extractable fraction of road dust, as well as the whole extract. Benzo(ghi)perylene showed relatively low concentrations in the SDS extract in spite of a high concentration in the original dust. The PAH composition in benthic organisms (polychaetes) did not correspond with that of the surrounding sediment and the PAHs detected were also detected in high concentrations in the SDS extract of road dust. When testing the toxicity of the extracted contaminants by a standardised algal toxicity test, SDS extracts of a detention pond sediment showed higher toxicity than the pore water of the corresponding sediment. Sediment suspension showed a comparative toxicity with 0.1% SDS extract. From the results, the in vitro bioaccessibility test seems more suitable to evaluate the exposed contaminants than the traditional organic solvent extraction method and the SDS extracted fraction is applicable to toxicity tests reflecting the digestive process.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE AEROPALYNOLOGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF TIMISOARA CITY, ROMANIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Ianovici
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Respiratory Allergy ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Total Pollen

Many airborne pollen grains and fungal spores are important biopollutants responsible for human respiratory allergy. In the conditions of România the most important cause of pollinosis is allergenic pollen of some deciduous trees as well as grasses and weeds. The measurements of pollen concentration in the aeroplankton of Timişoara were carried out in 2003 by the volumetric method. The highest concentrations are noted in April and August. A total of 23 types of pollen taxa were recorded in the air of the study area in the 2003-year: Acer, Alnus, Ambrosia, Artemisia, Betula, Carpinus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Corylus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Morus, Pinaceae, Platanus, Plantago, Populus, Poaceae, Rumex, Salix, Quercus, Taxaceae/Cupressaceae, Tilia, Urtica, Ulmus. The highest values of annual total of pollen grains in a group of trees were reached by Populus and Betula, as well as in a group of grasses and weeds – Ambrosia, Urtica and Poaceae. Trees pollen predominantly contributed to the total pollen sum with a percentage of 53.56%, followed by herbs 37.54% and grasses 8.9%.

scholarly journals Pollen monitoring in Perm Krai (Russia) – experience of 6 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Viktorovna Novoselova ◽  
Nataliya Minaeva
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Poaceae Pollen ◽  
Perm Krai

Medical observations show that the level of pollinosis increased by 34.6% in central Russia in 2005–2012. This paper presents the results of 6-year pollen monitoring carried out with a Hirst-type pollen trap (Burkard Manufacturing Co. Ltd) between 2010 and 2015 in Perm Krai (Russia). Usually, sensitization of allergic people occurs in three periods: (i) spring due to the pollen of <em>Betula</em>, (ii) early summer due to Poaceae pollen, and (iii) late summer as a result of <em>Artemisia</em> pollen. <em>Betula</em> pollen, which is dominant (26.9–65.2% of total pollen counts), is recorded in large numbers in the period of flowering and occasionally during the entire period of pollination. Among herbaceous plants, the pollen of Poaceae, Urticaceae and <em>Artemisia</em> dominates in airborne pollen. The concentration of allergenic pollen grains in the air of Perm Krai is lower than in other European geographical regions.

scholarly journals Height and hourly variations in the concentration of airborne pollen grains and fungal spores in Sosnowiec (Poland)

Alergoprofil ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart ◽  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Wind Speed Maximum

The aim of the work was to compare the qualitative and quantitative composition of aeroplankton in Sosnowiec (Poland) at three heights. The research was conducted on July 3rd, 4th and 5th, 2018 with the help of three Burkard spore traps: one stationary and two portable ones. The analyses were carried out at an altitude of 83 m, 15 m and at the ground level. Aerobiological data was recorded every hour and the collected pollen grains and fungal spores were determined later on. The relationships between individual meteorological conditions and different features of the alder pollen season were determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. The research has shown that the greatest fluctuations in the daily pollen count occurred at the lowest measuring point, i.e. at the ground level. The largest part of the determined palynomorphs were fungal spores, the most numerous of which was Cladosporium, followed by Alternaria, Epicoccum and Botrytis. Statistical analysis showed that the highest concentrations of fungal spores and plant pollen grains were influenced by wind speed, maximum gust of wind and solar radiation.

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