Changes in the Endogenous Level of Auxins and Gibberellin-Like Substances in the Shoot Apices of Nitrogen-Deficient Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Rajagopal ◽  
IM Rao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Inhibitor Level ◽  
Gibberellin Activity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Normal Supply

Tomato plants were grown at three nitrogen levels: normal supply (control), moderate deficiency (one-eighth the normal supply – 1/8N) and acute deficiency (-N). Plant heights were reduced by 51.4 and 75.7 % respectively at 40 days under the latter two treatments compared with control plants. The biological activity of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting substances was determined in the shoot apices of the three sets of plants at three stages: 20, 30 and 40 days after sowing. In general, the endogenous auxin was higher in control than in 1/8N and - N plants. The growth inhibitor level was higher in -N plants than in control and 118N plants. Gibberellin activity was less in nitrogen- starved plants than in controls. - N plants exhibited not only loss of gibberellins but an accumulation of inhibitors at the last stage. A negative correlation between growth promotors (auxins and gibberellins) and growth inhibitors was evident. The interaction between auxins, gibberellins and inhibitors is discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan BUAH NANAS(Ananas comosus) TERHADAP SPESIFIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR RUMPUT LAUT Euchema cottonii (Effect of Adding PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) for Specifications of Organic Liquid Fertilizer Euchema cottonii)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Indriyanti Indriyanti ◽  
Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽  
Eko Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRAK Euchema cottonii mengandung unsur mikro dan makro nutrien, serta zat pengatur tumbuh tanaman seperti auksin, giberelin, sitokinin, dan etilen sehingga sangat berpotensi sebagai pupuk organik penyubur tanaman. Penambahan buah nanas berfungsi sebagai sumber C, P, dan K pada ekstrak pupuk rumput laut cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bioaktivator PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria)dan buah nanas terhadap kandungan C-organik, nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, pH, suhu, bakteri patogen, dan organoleptik warna. Material yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah E. cottonii, PGPR, dan buah nanas.. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan kontrol (A), penambahan PGPR dan  buah nanas 40% (B), penambahan PGPR dan buah nanas 50% (C), dan penambahan PGPR dan  buah nanas 60% (C). Parameter yang diukur adalah C-organik, nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, pH, suhu, bakteri pathogen, dan oraganoleptik warna. Data parametrik dianalisa dengan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan buah nanas yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar C-organik, fosfor, dan kalium (p<0,05), sedangkan nilai nitrogen tidak berbeda nyata. Perlakuan penambahan nanas 50% akan meningkatkan kandungan nitrogen dua kali lebih besar dari pada kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada penambahan PGPR dan nanas 60% dengan kandungan C, P, K berturut-turut adalah 7,02%, 3,44%, dan 3,41%. Kata kunci: Euchema cottonii, Pupuk Oganik Cair, PGPR,  Nanas ABSTRACT Euchema cottoniicontains elements ofmicroandmacronutrients, andplantgrowth regulatorssuch asauxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, andethyleneso ithasgreat potentialas anorganicfertilizer forfertilisingcrops. Addition A. comosusserves asa source of C, P, and Kin theliquid organic fertilizer. This study aimedtodetermine the effect ofbio-activatorPGPRandA. comosus on the content ofC-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, temperature, pathogens, and color. The materialusedin this studywereE.cottonii, PGPR, andA. comosus.This research wasexperimentallaboratoriesusing completely randomized designwith 4 differenttreatments and 3replications, namely control (A), addition ofPGPR and A. comosus 40%(B), addition of PGPR  and A. comosus 50% (C), and addition of PGPR and A. comosus 60% (D). Parametersmeasured wereC-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, temperature, pathogens, and color organoleptic. Parametric datawere analyzed byANOVA. The results showedthat theaddition ofPGPRandA.comosussignificantly affect(P<0.05) to thelevels ofc-organic, phosphoruslevels, potassium levels, but not nitrogen levels. Addition of pineapple 50% will increase the nitrogen content twice higher than control. The best treatment is addition of PGPR and pineapple 60% with the content of C, P, K respectively 7.02%, 3.44% and 3.41%. Keywords: Euchema cottoni, Liquid Organic Fertilizer, PGPR, Ananas comosus

Biotransformation of Homofolate from a Growth Inhibitor to a Growth-Promoting Derivative

Chemotherapy ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Grossowicz ◽  
Samuel Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 15th CENTURY FROM THE FUNA CASTLE: UTENSILS OF THE «GARRISON KITCHEN»

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
I. B. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

The Funa fortress is located in southern Crimea and is one of the reference architectural and archaeological complexes of the Northern Pontic Region with precise date of existence. The fortress was built by Mangup authorities near 1423 on the border with possessions of Genoese and was destroyed in a fire during the Turkish invasion of the Crimea in 1475. The detailed chronology of the site which includes three stages of its construction history — 1423, 1425—1450s and 1459—1475, has been developed so far. So it becomes possible to clarify the dating of ceramic finds in line with these periods also. Ceramic assemblages of the last stage from the layers of fire and destruction of 1475 are the most representative. There is the complex from courtyard 1 among them. The ceramic collection includes 101 and 163 fully or partially reconstructed vessels respectively. There are large and average household containers, various kitchen utensils and tableware, both of the local Crimean production and import (Miletus Ware, Spanish Luster and Blue and White Ware, Fritware). The comparative analysis of artefacts made it possible to establish the chronological changes in ceramic assemblages during 25 years. Moreover, statistical and typological studies of the pottery from the layer of fire demonstrated a set of vessels there is suitable for cooking and table setting for at least 40 people. Large number of luxury tableware for diverse using and their location in the context allow suggest that there was a large feast on the platform above the «kitchen», and the remains of this banquet were not removed. According to the archaeological evidence as well as analysis of historical events the inhabitants of the fortress could burn it themselves before Turkish invasion and retreat to the capital of the principality at Mangup. Perhaps the remains of a farewell feast arranged just before leaving was fixed archaeologically.

scholarly journals The Design Process at Le Corbusier, Case of the Ronchamp Chapel

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282
Author(s):  
Nadjat Outmoune ◽  
Abdelmalek Arrouf
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage

AbstractThis work falls within the empirical studies of design activity. Its project is to understand Le Corbusier's designing way and how does he work and structure his design processes. Doing so, it jumps above the descriptive and doctrinal knowledge of objects produced by “Le Corbusier” to study the actions and mechanisms that led to them.To achieve its aim, this study uses genetic method, developed by P.M. De Biasi of literary origin, this research method is made of three stages. The first one, which is of empirical nature, is one of data gathering. It leads to the establishment of genesis tables and to the classification of the all collected documents. The second stage, makes the analysis of all the collected documents one by one. It allows the restitution of the creative process of one projects “Le Corbusier” which is “la chapelle de Notre Dame du haut de Ronchamp”. The last stage is finally that define the design processe of the this project. The results show that the design activity of “Le Corbuiser” obeys the overall logic of one generic model which may be called his individual designing style.

scholarly journals Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2637-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Luz E. de-Bashan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Speck ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Bacterial Speck Disease ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Mist Chamber

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, and the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated onto tomato plants, either alone, as a mixed culture, or consecutively. The population dynamics in the rhizosphere and foliage, the development of bacterial speck disease, and their effects on plant growth were monitored. When inoculated onto separate plants, the A. brasilense population in the rhizosphere of tomato plants was 2 orders of magnitude greater than the population of P. syringae pv. tomato (107 versus 105 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). Under mist chamber conditions, the leaf population of P. syringae pv. tomato was 1 order of magnitude greater than that of A. brasilense (107 versus 106 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf). Inoculation of seeds with a mixed culture of the two bacterial strains resulted in a reduction of the pathogen population in the rhizosphere, an increase in the A. brasilense population, the prevention of bacterial speck disease development, and improved plant growth. Inoculation of leaves with the mixed bacterial culture under mist conditions significantly reduced the P. syringae pv. tomato population and significantly decreased disease severity. Challenge with P. syringae pv. tomato after A. brasilense was established in the leaves further reduced both the population of P. syringae pv. tomato and disease severity and significantly enhanced plant development. Both bacteria maintained a large population in the rhizosphere for 45 days when each was inoculated separately onto tomato seeds (105 to 106 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). However, P. syringae pv. tomato did not survive in the rhizosphere in the presence of A. brasilense. Foliar inoculation of A. brasilense after P. syringae pv. tomato was established on the leaves did not alleviate bacterial speck disease, and A. brasilense did not survive well in the phyllosphere under these conditions, even in a mist chamber. Several applications of a low concentration of buffered malic acid significantly enhanced the leaf population of A. brasilense (>108 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf), decreased the population of P. syringae pv. tomato to almost undetectable levels, almost eliminated disease development, and improved plant growth to the level of uninoculated healthy control plants. Based on our results, we propose that A. brasilense be used in prevention programs to combat the foliar bacterial speck disease caused by P. syringae pv. tomato.

scholarly journals Hair-Growth Potential of Ginseng and Its Major Metabolites: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The functional aspect of scalp hair is not only to protect from solar radiation and heat/cold exposure but also to contribute to one’s appearance and personality. Progressive hair loss has a cosmetic and social impact. Hair undergoes three stages of hair cycle: the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. Through cyclical loss and new-hair growth, the number of hairs remains relatively constant. A variety of factors, such as hormones, nutritional status, and exposure to radiations, environmental toxicants, and medications, may affect hair growth. Androgens are the most important of these factors that cause androgenic alopecia. Other forms of hair loss include immunogenic hair loss, that is, alopecia areata. Although a number of therapies, such as finasteride and minoxidil, are approved medications, and a few others (e.g., tofacitinib) are in progress, a wide variety of structurally diverse classes of phytochemicals, including those present in ginseng, have demonstrated hair growth-promoting effects in a large number of preclinical studies. The purpose of this review is to focus on the potential of ginseng and its metabolites on the prevention of hair loss and its underlying mechanisms.

Implications of plant growth promoting Klebsiella sp. CPSB4 and Enterobacter sp. CPSB49 in luxuriant growth of tomato plants under chromium stress

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 124944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratishtha Gupta ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Zeba Usmani ◽  
Rupa Rani ◽  
Avantika Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Luxuriant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Chromium Stress ◽  
Growth Promoting

Enhanced root uptake of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) by tomato plants inoculated with selected Bacillus plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos K. Myresiotis ◽  
Zisis Vryzas ◽  
Euphemia Papadopoulou-Mourkidou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Study on the Microstructure of the Pinctada martensii Pearls and Its Significance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlong Wu ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Yang ◽  
Weisheng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Pinctada Martensii ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Crystalline Plane

The results of a microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectra study of the nacres of the Pinctada martensii pearls from Zhanjiang city, China shows that they can be classified as the high-quality, medium-quality, and inferior-quality pearls. Aragonite, the main inorganic mineralogy in the nacres, was crystallized and grown up in the compartments formed by the silk and radial organic sheets originating from organic matters secreted by the mantle of mollusks. The crystalline orientations of aragonite tablets were changed from the (002), (012) and (102) crystalline plane nets in the early to the (002) crystalline plane net only in the later. The formation processes of the microstructure of the nacres could be divided into three stages. In the early stage, the precursor particles of aragonite nucleated and grew up fast; then, porous aragonite aggregates consisting of the fine aragonite crystals were formed. In the middle stage, the aragonite crystals directionally grew up to form the aragonite tablets and microlayers. The surface of the aragonite tablets and microlayers are rough and few porous, and the edges of the crystals were serrated. In the last stage, the aragonite tablets in the aragonite microlayer mixed perfectly together to form high-quality aragonite layer whose surface was smooth and perfect.

scholarly journals A Mobility Determination Method for Parallel Platforms Based on the Lie Algebra of SE(3) and Its Subspaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alejandro de Jesús Sánchez-García ◽  
José M. Rico ◽  
J. Jesús Cervantes-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Lopez-Custodio
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Screw Theory ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Mobility Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Group ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Direct Sum ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Special Euclidean Group

Abstract This contribution presents a screw theory-based method for determining the mobility of fully parallel platforms. The method is based in the application of three stages. The first stage involves the application of the intersection of the subalgebras of Lie algebra, se(3), of the special Euclidean group, SE(3), associated with the legs of the platform. The second stage analyzes the possibility of the legs of the platform generating a sum or direct sum of two subalgebras of the Lie algebra, se(3). The last stage, if necessary, considers the possibility of the kinematic pairs of the legs satisfying certain velocity conditions; these conditions allow to reduce the platform's mobility analysis to one that can solved using one of the two previous stages.

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