Observations on Stomata and Hairs on Vegetative and Floral Organs in the Tribe Trifolieae (Family Papilionaceae)

The structure of stomata and hairs and stornatal ontogeny are described in 12 species of the tribe Trifolieae. Stomata may be paracytic, anisocytic, diacytic, haplocytic, and of transitional forms between diacytic and paracytic types. The most frequent types are paracytic, anisocytic, anomocytic and haplocytic. In any one species the most frequent type varies with the organ, and the pattern throughout the plant is not the same in every species. In general anomocytic stomata are most frequent on both surfaces of leaflets, and paracytic on stems.and petioles. On this basis the members of this tribe seem to have some uniformity. The ontogeny of stomata with subsidiary cells is mesogenous or meso- perigenous, or rarely perigenous. Anomocytic stomata are perigenous. The number of subsidiary cells is increased by (i) wall formation in the subsidiary cells, (ii) neighbouring perigenes assuming the form of subsidiary cells, or (iii) both processes operating in the same stoma simultaneously. Abnormalities such as contiguous stomata, stomata with one guard cell, and arrested development of stomata are occasionally met with. Hairs may be glandular or eglandular ; both types are present in all organs, except in a few cases. Some uniformity in the members of the tribe is also observed in the structure of glandular and eglandular hairs.

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Stomatal ontogeny of the vegetative and floral organs of some Papilionaceae

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9690081 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

GL Shah ◽

BV Gopal

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Subsidiary Cell ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Leaf Petiole ◽

Different Types ◽

Anomocytic Stomata ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Stomatal Ontogeny

The structure and development of stomata on the vegetative and floral organs of Vigna unguiculata Walp., and the vegetative organs of Phaseolus radiatus L. and P. aconitifolius Jacq. are described. Paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata are present on the same surface of different organs of the plants investigated except on the stem and petiole of V. unguiculata, the bract of P. radiatus, and the petiole, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius where the last type is absent. Stomata with only one subsidiary cell are found on the leaf, petiole, sepal, and petal of V. unguiculata. Diacytic stomata occur on the stipel of P. radiatus and the stem, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius. Paracytic stomata are by far the commonest on each organ. The frequency of different types of stomata on different organs in the plants investigated is tabulated. The ontogeny of different kinds of stomata on each organ is mesogenous, but the perigenous type may be found on the petal and pericarp of V. unguiculata and the stipule of P. radiatus. The variation in stomata is due to: (a) a diversity in stomatal types even on the same surface, and (b) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells divide, or additional subsidiary cells are derived from adjacent epidermal cells. The present study also supports the inclusion of the species concerned in the tribe Phaseolae.

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Strucure and ontogeny of normal and abnormal stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Physalis minima L

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9710085 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

RC Patel ◽

JA Inamdar

Keyword(s):

Pore Formation ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Subsidiary Cell ◽

Arrested Development ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Close Relationship

Fourteen types of normal and abnormal stomatal structure and development in vegetative and floral organs of Physalis minima are presented. Those described include anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, and diacytic stomata, those transitional between paracytic and diacytic, and stomata with a single subsidiary cell. Anomalies observed are degeneration of the meristemoid, a persistent stomatal initial, single guard cells, twin stomata, single guard cells in relationship with a normal stoma, twin single guard cells, stomata with aborted guard cells, and arrested development. Development of the anomocytic type is haplocheilic or perigenous; that of the anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic, transitional, and with a single subsidiary cell is syndetocheilic or mesogenous. The persistent stomatal initials are variable in shape and occur solitary or in close relationship with the normal stoma. They may be notched and divide by centripetally extending furrows. Single guard cells develop directly from the meristemoid, or one of the guard cells degenerates before or after pore formation. Twin stomata, single guard cells in close relationship with normal stomata, and twin single guard cells develop from two adjacent meristemoids. Stomata with aborted guard cells are formed as a result of degeneration of guard cells. Arrested development results from early degeneration of nuclei and cytoplasm. The aberrent developments noticed here are partly due to extrinsic factors.

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Development of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of some Caryophyllaceae

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9680445 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 445 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JA Inamdar

Keyword(s):

Subsidiary Cell ◽

Floral Organs ◽

The Family ◽

Anomocytic Stomata

The development and structure of diacytic (caryophyllaceous) stomata in vegetative and floral organs of five species of the family Caryophyllaceae has been investigated. The mature stomata are diacytic or anomocytic and rarely with a single subsidiary cell. The ontogeny of diacytic stomata is of the meso-perigenous type. The development of anomocytic stomata is of the perigenous type and that of stomata with a single subsidiary cell is mesogenous.

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Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2008.030 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 25-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Mirosława Chwil

Keyword(s):

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Lower Region ◽

Small Column ◽

Anomocytic Stomata ◽

Cuticular Ornamentation ◽

Glandular Cells ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

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Study of epidermis characters and venation of certain species of Medicago L. in Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family in Iraq

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.3.479-488 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 479-488

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Cell Size ◽

Guard Cell ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Stomatal Complexes ◽

Vertical Walls ◽

Subsidiary Cells

The anatomical study of the epidermis leaflet for seven species and variety wild belonging to the genus Medicago L. species are: M. constricta Dur., M. coronata L., M. intertexta L., M. intertexta.var. ciliaris L., M. laciniata L., M. lupulina L., M. minima L. and M. sativa L. were studied, The search included epidermis characters and stomatal complexes addition to venation system in leaflets. It is revealed through the study, epidermis leaflet type Amphistomatic (the stomata spread on the upper and lower surface) as well as the presence of three types of stomatal complexes namely: Anisocytic (the guard cells surrounded by three unequal cell size), Anomocytic (not differential from subsidiary cells in epidermis) and Anomotetracytic (four cells surrounding the guard cell is irregular and varied). The results showed variations in dimensions and forms stomata and nature vertical walls and tangent to the upper and lower surfaces. The venation system distinguish by all the species studied as one of the type Simple craspedodromous in this system all secondary veins and branching ends at the margin of the blade leaflets, this found in all species. But there are clear differences in the Areoles shape and type of vienlets and at the ends, where these characters taxonomic and diagnostic value of the task in the species under study.

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Epidermal Structure and Stomatal Ontogeny in Zornia Gmel

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9750327 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B Kannabiran

Keyword(s):

Basal Part ◽

Ovary Wall ◽

Epidermal Structure ◽

Anomocytic Stomata ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Dual Origin ◽

Narrow Base ◽

Outer Epidermis ◽

Stomatal Ontogeny

Epidermal structure and development of stomata were studied in the vegetative and fioral organs of Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. and Z. zeylonensis Pers. Most of the intercostal cells in leaflet, stipule, and bract are large-sized mucilaginous idioblasts. The swollen base of the idioblast compresses the basal part of the adjacent subsidiary or ordinary cell, which hence has a narrow base in contrast to that of the idioblast. Para-mesogenous, aniso-, and tetra-mesoperigenous stomata occur in all organs of the above species. In addition, the outer epidermis of the ovary wall shows aperigenous (anomocytic) stomata. Stomata of the first three types are dolabrate, irrespective of their mesogenous or mesoperigenous development. These types are related, the differences between them depending on the nature of the placement of the second wall of the meristemoid. The present study lends support to an earlier contention that anomocytic (aperigenous) stomata may result from suppression of the divisions of the meristemoid of paracytic type. It is suggested that stomata flanked by two lateral, parallel, meso- genous subsidiaries which do not meet each other at least at one pole (incomplete), should be termed aniso- or tetra-mesoperigenous according to the total number of subsidiary cells of dual origin.

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Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis L

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9690089 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JA Inamdar ◽

AJ Chohan

Keyword(s):

Guard Cells ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Epidermal Structure ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Anomocytic Stomata ◽

Outer Epidermis

The epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis are described. The epidermal cells are polygonal isodiametric or elongated and arranged irregularly or parallel to the long axis. The anticlinal walls of the epidermis are thick, straight, arched, or rarely sinuous. The surface of the cuticle shows parallel striations radiating from the guard cells or hair bases. Six types of glandular and eglandular trichomes have been noticed. The mature stomata are anisocytic, paracytic, or anomocytic. The development of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is of the mesogenous or syndetocheilic type. The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata conforms to the perigenous or haplocheilic type. The three types of stomata occur on all the vegetative and floral organs of this plant except the anther wall and the outer epidermis of the carpel. The developmental modes are constant from organ to organ within the same plant.

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A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007271x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 454-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Dayanandan ◽

P. B. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Electron Microscope Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽

Psilotum Nudum ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽

Cycas Revoluta ◽

Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

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