Variation in frost tolerance and seedling morphology of the spotted gums Corymbia maculata, C. variegata, C. henryi and C. citriodora

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Larmour ◽  
S. J. Whitfeld ◽  
C. E. Harwood ◽  
J. V. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Good Discrimination ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Stem Leaf

The frost tolerance of seedlings of spotted gums representing four closely related species; Corymbia maculata (seven provenances), C. variegata (six provenances), C. henryi (one provenance) and C. citriodora (two provenances) was examined. Each provenance of C. maculata, C. variegata and C. henryi was represented by 10 seedlings from each of eight open-pollinated families, while the two C. citriodora provenances were each represented by 40 seedlings from a provenance bulk seedlot. Excised leaf discs from seedlings hardened by exposure to the Canberra winter were subjected to test temperatures of –4.2, –6.1 and –8.0˚C. Damage to the discs was estimated by the electrical conductivity of leachate produced by soaking the disks in water after exposure to freezing temperatures. Exposure to –6.1˚C for 1 h produced leachate conductivities corresponding to 37% of discs receiving lethal injury and gave good discrimination between tolerant and susceptible material. There were significant differences in frost tolerance between species, provenances within species, and between open-pollinated families within provenances. Corymbia variegata displayed significantly greater frost tolerance than the other three species. Species rankings were consistent across the three test temperatures. Inland, high altitude provenances of C. variegata and C. maculata had greater frost tolerance than those from lowland coastal locations, while there were no consistent trends of frost tolerance with latitude in these species. Analysis of seedling morphological characters effectively separated the different species in a manner consistent with the taxonomic review by Hill and Johnson (1995). Characters which separated C. maculata and C. variegata included the leaf pair at which the changeover from juvenile to intermediate leaf morphology occurred and the degree of pubescence of the leaves and stem, leaf size and shape. Corymbia variegata and the southern provenance of C. citriodora were separated only by the citronella scent of C. citriodora, the northern C. citriodora provenance had distinctly different leaf size and shape.Corymbia henryi seedlings had greater stem and leaf pubescence than those of C. maculata as well as distinctly shaped leaves, characterised by having the greatest length from the widest point to the leaf base.

Correlation Between Sizes of Stomata and of Oil Glands in Two Related Eucalyptus Species

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Carr ◽  
SGM Carr
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

A correlation is described between the sizes of the stomata (length, pole to pole) and diameter of the largest oil glands of two closely related species, previously thought conspecific, of a newly described group (series Lehmannianae) of eucalypts. The oil glands and stomata of E. lehmannii are larger than those of E. conferruminata. The correlation is independent of leaf size and shape. The size correlation has its roots in the fact that both stomata and the largest oil glands have their origin in single epidermal initials.

Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 460 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-58
Author(s):  
ANA RAQUEL LOURENÇO ◽  
GEORGE P. BURTON ◽  
MARCCUS ALVES ◽  
EVE LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
One New Species

Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes is a section of the Neotropical genus Myrcia ranging from Mexico and the Caribbean to northern Argentina with ca. 260 known species. In Brazil ca. 78 species are known, of which ca. 53 are endemic, occurring mainly in the Atlantic and Amazon domains, with few species in the Caatinga and Cerrado. This paper is a taxonomic revision of 38 species from the Atlantic Forest including one newly described species Myrcia botryophylla. The treatment provides an identification key, taxonomic descriptions, phenology and geographic distribution information, nomenclatural updates, synonymy, and illustrations of the main morphological characters. The main character used for differentiating species is inflorescence pattern, but observation of several further characters including leaf size and shape, flower buds and indument assists in species determination. Of the 38 species recognized 29 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain and 9 occur in the Amazon, Cerrado and/or other habitats in South and Central America. Twenty-two new synonyms are proposed, two new combinations are made and 29 lectotypes are designated. One new species is described.

Similitude génétique et mode de dispersion : la nature des populations clonales de peupliers baumiers (Populus balsamifera L.) au Nouveau-Québec

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Comtois ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

In an attempt to understand the genetic make-up of northern populations of the balsam poplar, their genetic similarity has been estimated by means of foliar morphological and enzymatic characters. A factorial principal component analysis has shown that the morphological characters could be reduced to leaf size and shape, as well as to three accessory variables: the length of the petiole, the number of teeth and the top angle of the leaf tip. The shape and accessory characters were the most discriminant when comparing poplar stands. The fringing of poplar stands at the forest edges is determined mainly by the population density. Partition analyses of discriminant morphological characters and electrophoretically determined allele frequencies point to heavy gene exchange between poplar stands. The centres of genetic diversity of the east coast of Hudson Bay allows us to visualize species dispersal according to the "stepping stone" pattern, i.e. according to a progression that stems from successive discrete events. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 71-113
Author(s):  
Iván A. Valdespino
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Stem Type ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

Five Selaginella species (i.e, S. gioiae, S. papillosa, S. pubimarginata, S. rostrata, and S. xanthoneura) from Neotropical rainforests of South America are described and illustrated as new, while S. surucucusensis, originally recorded only from Brazil, is redefined to account for species’ morphological characters throughout its expanded distribution range and also a novel illustration is provided for it. Inferred taxonomic affinities and conservation assessment are offered for species here treated. Selaginella gioiae is native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and S. xanthoneura is so far only known in Colombia, whereas S. surucucusensis is now known to occur in Colombia and Venezuela in the north-central part of South America. These three species are included in the “Selaginella flabellata group” based on their habit, stem shape, rhizophores position, and mega- and microspores color, and ornamentation. Selaginella papillosa, S. pubimarginata, and S. rostrata are native to Venezuela. Selaginella papillosa and S. pubimarginata morphologically belong in the “Selaginella deltoides group” based on their habit, stem type, shape of lateral leaves and their indument type distributed on upper surface of the leaf lamina. On the other hand, S. rostrata is considered to be a member of the “Selaginella microdonta group,” which is centered in the Guiana Highlands, based on its habit, stem type, and leaf size and shape, and for which a key to identify species is provided. Finally, all species threated here are classified in subg. Stachygynandrum based on their heteromorphic leaves, mostly quadrangular strobili, and monomorphic sporophylls shape (except for S. rostrata that has slightly dorsiventral and flattened strobili with somewhat heteromorphic sporophylls).

The impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella and Phyllotreta

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1348) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
The Impact

Leaves display an enormous array of sizes and shapes. Although these attributes appear to have evolved primarily in response to abiotic conditions in the plant’s habitat, the importance of insect herbivores as additional selective agents is still poorly understood. A necessary requirem ent for leaf size and shape to evolve in response to attack by insects is that insects must respond to and/or be affected by, leaf morphology. We tested leaf-shape preferences in adult flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp.) feeding on the highly variable rosette leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris . Contrary to theoretical expectation (Brown & Lawton 1991), leaves with deeply lobed margins were more intensely damaged, both in field-collected and experimental plants. In two ancillary experiments with Capsella , we found that Spodoptera caterpillars showed no preferences for leaf shape, but that adult vine weevils ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus ) did, preferring (as predicted), undivided over divided leaves. We conclude that Brown & Law ton’s (1991) hypothesis is at best weakly supported by laboratory data for vine weevils, refuted by laboratory data for Spodoptera , and consistently refuted by both laboratory and field data for flea beetles. Although the experiment tried to reduce confounding variables to a minimum, interpretation was complicated by correlations between leaf shape and other developmental parameters of the plants, and highlights the difficulty of disentangling leaf-shape effects from other confounding factors.

Salicornia cuscoensis (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae), a new species from Peru (South America)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ÁNGELES ALONSO ◽  
MANUEL B. CRESPO ◽  
HELMUT FREITAG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
South American ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
A New Species

The name Salicornia cuscoensis given to a plant from high Andean saltmarshes near Cusco [Cuzco] and Ayacucho, Peru (South America) is validated by a diagnosis and description. The main morphological characters that separate S. cuscoensis from other closely related species are creeping habit, delicate branches, inflorescence of short and thin spikes, and seed indumentum. The new species clearly differs from other perennial Salicornia taxa growing in high Andean saltmarshes such as S. pulvinata and S. andina. The former forms small compact cushions producing very short, few-flowered inflorescences. The latter shows woody stems and forms larger rounded carpets. Morphologically, S. cuscoensis is also similar to S. magellanica, a species growing along the seashore in southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, but the latter has shorter and wider inflorescences and larger seeds with a different type and arrangement of indumentum. Molecular analyses also supported the separation of S. cuscoensis. Data on habitat, distribution and phylogenetic relationships are presented for the new species and its relatives, and an identification key is given for the South American taxa of the genus Salicornia.

Species delimitation of colour polymorphic Cladophorus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMANA KALOUSOVA ◽  
LADISLAV BOCAK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Colour Patterns

Cladophorus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 are endemic Papuan net-winged beetles which take part in highly diverse Müllerian mimicry rings. Available specimens were sequenced for cox1–tRNA-Leu–cox2 mitochondrial DNA fragment and the species delimitations were based on the genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis, and morphology. Three earlier described species were identified in the recently collected material and further 10 species are described: C. pallescens sp. nov., C. bicolor sp. nov., C. craterensis sp. nov., C. motykai sp. nov., C. mindikensis sp. nov., C. kailakiensis sp. nov., C. manokwarensis sp. nov., C. haiaensis sp. nov., C. humeralis sp. nov., and C. boceki sp. nov. DNA-based identifications provided some ambiguous results and closely related species could not be robustly delimited using solely molecular data. Additionally, the species limits were based on clearly defined morphological characters and the morphological differentiation was found unlinked from the genetic divergence. Colour patterns cannot be used for identification because all species available in more specimens were polymorphic and followed various local co-mimics. The Papuan fauna of Cladophorus is very diverse and the closely related species regularly occur in limited regions. Differentiation within restricted ranges is therefore considered as the main speciation mode. 

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus – three closely related species within the xylophilus group

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Filipiak ◽  
Przemysław Wieczorek ◽  
Marek Tomalak
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Differentiation between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other related, non-pathogenic species can be ambiguous when based exclusively on morphological characters. The morphology of B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus most closely resembles that of B. xylophilus. Moreover, all of these nematodes are found in both Asia and Europe and can colonise various species of pine. Therefore, for phytosanitary purposes it is necessary to identify the three species precisely and rapidly. We report the results of a multiplex PCR that utilises four primers to identify and discriminate the three Bursaphelenchus species simultaneously. The multiplex PCR yielded DNA fragments of 767, 305 and 132 bp, for B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus, respectively. This primer combination has produced reliable results in multiplex PCR assays with a number of different populations of the listed species, and no cross-reactions were observed with other Bursaphelenchus species. The described approach is simple, reliable and cheaper than other molecular methods presently used for simultaneous identification of the above three species within the xylophilus group.

scholarly journals High-density QTL mapping of leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content in three soybean RIL populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiye Yu ◽  
Jinshe Wang ◽  
Chongyuan Sun ◽  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Huanqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Background Leaf size and shape, which affect light capture, and chlorophyll content are important factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Genetic variation of these components significantly affects yield potential and seed quality. Identification of the genetic basis for these traits and the relationship between them is of great practical significance for achieving ideal plant architecture and high photosynthetic efficiency for improved yield. Results Here, we undertook a large-scale linkage mapping study using three mapping populations to determine the genetic interplay between soybean leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content across two environments. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf size and shape, while both traits were positively correlated with chlorophyll content. This phenotypic relationship was verified across the three mapping populations as determined by principal component analysis, suggesting that these traits are under the control of complex and interrelated genetic components. The QTLs for leaf-related traits and chlorophyll are partly shared, which further supports the close genetic relationship between the two traits. The largest-effect major loci, q20, was stably identified across all population and environments and harbored the narrow leaflet gene Gm-JAG1 (Ln/ln), which is a key regulator of leaflet shape in soybean. Conclusion Our results uncover several major QTLs (q4–1, q4–2, q11, q13, q18 and q20) and its candidate genes specific or common to leaf-related traits and chlorophyll, and also show a complex epistatic interaction between the two traits. The SNP markers closely linked to these valuable QTLs could be used for molecular design breeding with improved plant architecture, photosynthetic capacity and even yield.

A new iridescent “elfin” butterfly species of Podanotum (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Colombian Andes

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3303 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS PRIETO ◽  
GABRIEL RODRIGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Colombian Andes

A new butterfly species, Podanotum pulsar Prieto & Rodríguez n. sp. is described from the high Andes of Colombia. Wepresent a brief discussion on its systematic placement and on adult ecology. Adult specimens and the genitalia of the male andfemale are illustrated and compared with the most closely related species Podanotum glorissimum Bálint & Wojtusiak, according to morphological characters.

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