Response to Salt and Waterlogging Stress of Ten Taxa of Acacia Selected From Naturally Saline Areas of Western Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
GF Craig ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
CA Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Acacia Cyclops ◽  
External Salinity ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Ten taxa of Acacia were selected from areas of moderate to high soil salinity (electrical conductivities of saturated soil paste extracts (ECe) between 1000 mS m--1 and 4800 mS m-1 at 50-600 mm depth) and sodicity to test the tolerance of young, symbiotic plants to increasing levels of salinity both with and without waterlogging. Nodulated plants, 3 months old, were grown in glasshouse experiments which consisted of four treatments: non-saline drained control (12 weeks); saline drained (12 weeks); non-saline waterlogged (5 weeks); and saline waterlogged (5 weeks). Acacia cyclops, A. brumalis, A. redolens (Ravensthorpe) and A. aff. lineolata had 100% survival after 12 weeks irrigation with saline solution (final ECw = 9500 mS m-1). Generally, the species tested were sensitive to waterlogging with A. patagiata, A. cyclops and A. brumalis being the most sensitive, having 19-44% mortality with no salt in the solution. The combined treatment of salt and waterlogging greatly increased the mortality of plants, with four species having > 70% dead after 5 weeks treatment (ECw = 3900 mS m-1). A. aff. lineolata and A. mutabilis subsp. ,stipulifera were highly tolerant of salt plus waterlogging, with 100% and 96% survival respectively. In salt plus waterlogged treatments, Na+ concentration in phyllodes of all taxa exceeded (0.37-2.13 mmol g-1 dry wt) that taken up by plants in freely drained salt treatments (0.03-0.42 mmol g-1 dry wt). Taxa with the slowest rates of growth tended to accumulate the highest concentrations of Na+ in the uppermost phyllodes. Provenances of A. redolens and A. patagiata collected from sites of high soil salinity (ECe > 2200 mS m-1) had less than half the Na+ concentration in uppermost phyllodes (0.22 mmol -1 dry wt) at the termination of the salt treatment, compared with provenances of the same species collected from moderately saline areas (ECe = 1100 mS m-1). This indicates that Acacia provenances collected from the most saline sites had greater potential to survive high levels of external salinity in the longer term than those from less saline sites.

A new dieback disease of Acacia cyclops in South Africa caused by Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola sp.nov.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Wood ◽  
J. Ginns
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Acacia Cyclops ◽  
Environmental Weed

Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), originating from Western Australia, is a serious environmental weed in South Africa. A dieback disease of A. cyclops occurring in South Africa is described, and a fungus herein named Psuedolagarobasidium acaciicola Ginns sp.nov. (Basidiomycetes, Polyporales, Hyphodermataceae) was consistently isolated from diseased roots of A. cyclops trees showing early dieback symptoms. Isolates of P. acaciicola caused 100% mortality in pathogenicity screening tests using seedlings of A. cyclops. Saplings of A. cyclops were inoculated with one isolate of P. acaciicola, and all plants were killed within 2–3 months. No control plants died. Psuedolagarobasidium acaciicola was reisolated from all inoculated plants that died. Trees growing in the field were inoculated at two sites on two occasions. Most inoculated trees died within 2 years, whereas no control plants died. Eventually P. acaciicola fruited in vitro and in vivo allowing the basidiomes and cultures to be described. This fungus has potential to be developed as a bioherbicide to aid in the control of this serious environmental weed.

Recombinant adeno-viral human p53 gene combined with FOLFOX4 in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14036-e14036
Author(s):  
Zhong-guo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Serious Adverse Events

e14036 Background: Metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancers generally become unresectable and will not respond to radio- or chemo-therapy. Studies showed that p53 has a synergic effect with radio- or chemotherapy. This study is to determine the efficacy and safety of recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene (rAd-p53) combined with standard FOLFOX4 regimen in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Methods: From July 2008 to Dec. 2011, 56 patients with an advanced colorectal cancer or local recurrent disease were treated with rAd-p53 and standard FOLFOX4 regimen. For local tumor, 1-4×1012 viral particles (VP) of rAd-p53 diluted into 5 ml of saline solution was injected into tumor at multiple directions, once a week for 6 weeks. If tumor spreading into abdominal cavity, 4×1012 VPs diluted in 500 ml of saline solution were injected inraperitoneally, twice in 2 weeks. If having lung or liver metastasis, 2×1012 VPs diluted into 100 ml of saline solution were given intravenously twice in 2 weeks. Three days after the first gene therapy, the standard FOLFOX4 regimen was given for six cycles. Results: The follow-up time was 3~38 months with a median of 19.5 months. Among these patients, 8 (14.3%) patients were assessed as complete response, 31 (55.4%) as partial response and 11 (19.6%) as stable disease. After the combined treatment, a radical resection was successfully performed in 18 cases with local recurrent disease. All these patients were still alive at the last follow-up. Common adverse events were 38.4~40.5 oC self-limited fever, occurring in 86% patients. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: rAd-p53 combined with FOLFOX4 is a safe and effective treatment for advanced colorectal cancer or local recurrent disease.

Long-term effects of saline irrigation water on 'Valencia' orange trees: relationships between growth and yield, and salt levels in soil and leaves

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Prior ◽  
A. M. Grieve ◽  
K. B. Bevington ◽  
P. G. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Eastern Australia

This study documents changes in yield, growth, soil salinity (ECe) and leaf sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) concentrations in mature Valencia orange [Citrus sinensis (L.Osbeck)] trees on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) rootstock in response to increased levels of Na and Cl in irrigation water. Four levels of salt, ranging from the river-water control (0.44 dS/m) to 2.50 dS/m, were applied over a 9-year period through an under-tree microsprinkler system to trees in the Sunraysia area of the Murray Valley in south-eastern Australia. A salt-balance model showed that evapotranspiration was reduced by salinity, whereas leaching fractions increased from an average 24% in the control to 51% in the most saline treatment. The high leaching fractions were achieved as a result of freely draining soils and good irrigation management, and allowed us to maintain low to moderate levels of soil salinity throughout the trial and minimised the effect of salt treatment on fruit yield. Soil salinity increased almost linearly in response to irrigation-water salinity during the first year, and fluctuated seasonally thereafter; however, very few readings exceeded 3 dS/m, even in the highest treatments. By contrast, leaf Na and Cl concentrations in the highest salt treatment continued to increase over the first 4 years. The relationship between yield and soil salinity was extremely weak, but yield did decrease as foliar concentrations of Na and Cl increased: in Year 9, leaf Na in the highest treatment relative to the control was associated with a predicted reduction of 17% in yield and 59% in annual trunk-diameter growth.

Effects of salinisation on riparian plant communities in experimental catchments on the Collie River, Western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Lymbery ◽  
R. G. Doupé ◽  
N. E. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Riparian Plant Communities ◽  
Riparian Plant

Although the salinisation of streams has long been recognised as one of Western Australia's most serious environmental and resource problems, there is very little published information on the effects of salinisation on riparian flora and fauna. We studied riparian vegetation in three experimental catchments on the Collie River in Western Australia. The catchments are situated within a 5-km area of state forest and are geologically and botanically similar, but differ in the extent of clearing, groundwater levels and stream salinity. In each catchment, transects were taken perpendicular to the direction of streamflow, and 4-m2 quadrats taken along each transect. Within each quadrat, soil salinity was measured, all plants were identified to species level and percentage cover estimated. The catchments differed significantly in soil salinity, with salinity being greatest in the most extensively cleared catchment and increasing towards the floor of the valley. Plant-species richness, species diversity and species composition were significantly related to soil salinity, both among catchments and among quadrats within the most extensively cleared catchment. Plant-species richness and diversity decreased with increasing soil salinity, an effect that may be partly due to a decline in perennial herb and shrub species. This may have an impact on other components of the riparian ecosystem.

Estimation of salt storage in the deep lateritic soils of the darling plateau, Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
EN Tsykin ◽  
GC Slessar
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Drilling Data

The salt content of soils in the principal bauxitic area of the Darling Plateau is broadly known from drilling. Soil salinities averaged over 15 km2 grid blocks bear a strong statistical relationship to a number of easily measured parameters, including distance from the Darling Scarp, mean annual rainfall and drainage density. We have used a nonlinear regression equation (r=0.96) to prepare maps showing soil salinity isopleths estimated with two levels of reliability. Similar regression equations have been used to estimate average soil salt contents over selected depth intervals. These regression equations and maps provide a useful means of estimating average soil salinities in areas where no drilling data are available.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Enteral Saline Solution When Used as Part of Combined Treatment for Various Forms of Acute Pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
R. F. Shavaliev ◽  
M. M. Minnullin ◽  
R. A. Zefirov ◽  
R. N. Akhundov ◽  
A. Zh. Bayalieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Early Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Septic Complications

The article presents the results of a retrospective study of the effectiveness of intestinal lavage with enteral saline solution for the treatment of dynamic intestinal obstruction in acute forms of pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis. The objective of this study is to improve treatment results in patients with intestinal paresis with various forms of acute pancreatitis with the use of intestinal lavage with enteral saline solution.Materials and methods. The study included 81 patients, 56 (69.1 %) males and 25 (30.9 %) females, the age averaging at 59.3 ± 13.4 years. These patients were hospitalized at different time intervals counting from the onset of the disorder, ranging from 24 hours to 7 days. Patients were divided in two groups depending on hospitalisation prior to the first procedure of intestinal lavage providing there was no counterindications.Results and discussion. Prokinetic effect of intestinal lavage in patients with gastrostasis and dynamic bowel obstruction help improve the quality of conservative treatment (up to 78.3 % in 1st group and 37.1 % in 2nd group); avoid open surgical procedures (up to 6.5 % in 1st group, up to 37.1 % in 2nd group), perform minimally invasive procedures to drain confined lesions (15.2 % of patients in 1st group, 42.9 % in 2nd group); eliminate manifestations of gastrostasis within 3 days following IL in both groups. The reduction/elimination of dynamic intestinal obstruction within 24 hours following IL (up to 73.8 % in 1st group, up to 97.1 % in 2nd group) made it possible to start early enteral nutrition within 48 hours (73.9 % in 1st group, up to 42.8 % in 2nd group).Conclusions. Early use of intestinal lavage in the complex therapy of acute forms of pancreatitis is safe and effective. It reduces the number of purulent-septic complications, prevents the development of multiple organ failure, reduces the overall mortality, prepares the intestine for early enteral nutrition.

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