Surface tensions and densities of solutions of large organic ions in molten pyridinium chloride

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Bloom.H ◽  
VC Reinsborough
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hydrophobic Hydration ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Pyridinium Chloride ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Organic Ions ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentrations

Surface tension and density data obtained with cetyl and myristyl cationic soaps dissolved in molten pyridinium chloride at 155� are interpreted in terms of micelle formation. The critical micelle concentrations determined by each method are in agreement at 0.060 molal for the solute cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Partial molar volumas for this same solute are calculated and discussed in concepts similar to the "hydrophobic hydration" theory of aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals PECULARITIES OF MICELLE FORMATION OF PENTACYCLIC GLYCOSIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Mironenko ◽  
Irina V. Shkutina ◽  
Vladimir F. Selemenev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Radius ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering Method

The regularities of changes in structural characteristics during the formation of associates in micellar aqueous solutions of triterpene saponins Quillaja Saponin and Sapindus Mukorossi are considered. The dependence of surface tension and adsorption on the concentration of an aqueous saponin solution is analyzed, and the values of surface activity and parameters of the adsorption layer are calculated. The average values of diffusion coefficients for spherical and cylindrical micelles are determined based on the measurement of the solution viscosity. The effect of the electrolyte solution on the surface tension and viscosity of glycoside solutions is studied: when the electrolyte is introduced into the saponin solution, the surface tension decreases, which leads to a shift in the critical concentration of micelle formation towards lower concentrations. The introduction of potassium chloride electrolyte reduces the degree of ionization and, as a result of suppressing the electroviscosity effect, leads to a decrease in the viscosity of the solution. The dynamic light scattering method is used to determine the size of glycoside aggregates. It is established that there are aggregates of several sizes in an aqueous solution of saponin. The size and shape of aggregates were calculated using the concepts of micelle packing parameters. In the region of very low concentrations of glycoside solutions, when approaching the critical concentration of micelle formation in the solution, there are spherical micelles. A further increase in the saponin concentration in the solution leads to a decrease in the content of structures with a hydrodynamic radius of 50-80 nm and the appearance of larger agglomerates with sizes greater than 100 nm. It was found that micelles acquire a less hydrated and more densely packed cylindrical shape in the concentration range of 1.7-2.6 mmol/dm3. Compaction of associates leads to an increase in the content of particles with a hydrodynamic radius of 150-250 nm and larger ones, and their presence predicts the appearance of larger agglomerates. Analyzing the data obtained using the dynamic light scattering method, it can be concluded that aggregates of several sizes co-exist in the volume of aqueous saponin solutions at certain concentrations.

Preparation and Properties of Amide Surfactants

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Bao Cai Xu ◽  
Gui Ju Zhang ◽  
Yun Xia Li ◽  
Lu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Lipophilic Groups ◽  
Long Chain

Amide surfactants have modified structures with lipophilic groups connecting hydrophilic groups through amido bond. The preparation of three families of amide surfactants including long chain N-acyl sarcosinates, amidopropyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaines and lauryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammoniums were discussed. The study of the surface activity of these compounds by measuring the equilibrium surface tensions of their dilute aqueous solutions were described. The minimum surface tension and the critical micelle concentration values of these compounds are given.

CONDUCTANCES AND SURFACE TENSIONS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM DECANOATE, SODIUM LAURATE, AND SODIUM MYRISTATE, AT 25° AND 35°

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1729-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
G. R. Lakshminarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Sodium Laurate ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Reversible Dimerization ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Sodium Decanoate ◽  
Limiting Equivalent Conductances

The equivalent conductances of aqueous solutions of sodium decanoate, sodium laurate, and sodium myristate have been determined from the very dilute region up to saturation concentration, at 25° and 35°. The limiting conductances have been obtained from the measurements in the usual way. In addition and for the sake of completeness, the limiting equivalent conductances of sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and sodium butyrate have also been determined at 35°, since they were not known at this temperature.The effect of increasing chain length on mobility is discussed. From a consideration of the experimental and the theoretical values of the slopes of the plots of equivalent conductance against the square root of the concentration, it is concluded that some sort of interaction, possibly a reversible dimerization of anions, occurs, even in the dilute region, and this could account for the lower experimental values of the slope. This phenomenon has been observed with other long chain electrolytes, however, and the hypothesis of dimerization is not the only possible one.The critical micelle concentrations have been determined, and recent concepts of micelle formation are applied to interpret their structure. The surface tensions of the aqueous solutions have been measured at 25° and 50°.

Conductance and viscosity of n-alkylamine hydrobromides in water at 25 °C: influence of hydrophobic hydration

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques E. Desnoyers ◽  
Marcel Arel ◽  
Paul-André Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Hydration ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Organic Ions ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Semi Empirical

The equivalent conductivities and viscosities of the homologous salts RNH3Br, where R varies from H to n-octyl, have been measured in water at 25 °C. The data in the submicellar region can be represented adequately by the semi-empirical relations[Formula: see text]The parameters Bη+ and λ0+ are both functions of the effective size of the organic ions in solutions, while the parameters Dη and BΛ can be interpreted through structural salting-in of the hydrophobic cations. Viscosities and conductivities can be used equally well to study the micelle formation of n-octylamine hydrobromide.

scholarly journals Surface Thermodynamics, Viscosity, Activation Energy of N-Methyldiethanolamine Aqueous Solutions Promoted by Tetramethylammonium Arginate

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Tian ◽  
Lemeng Wang ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Dong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Surface Thermodynamics ◽  
Surface Entropy ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Surface Enthalpy

The surface tension and viscosity values of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solutions promoted by tetramethylammonium arginate ([N1111][Arg]) were measured and modeled. The experimental temperatures were 303.2 to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of MDEA (wMDEA) and [N1111][Arg] (w[N1111][Arg]) were 0.300 to 0.500 and 0.025 to 0.075, respectively. The measured surface tension and viscosity values were satisfactorily fitted to thermodynamic models. With the aid of experimentally viscosity data, the activation energy (Ea) and H2S diffusion coefficient (DH2S) of MDEA-[N1111][Arg] aqueous solution were deduced. The surface entropy and surface enthalpy of the solutions were calculated using the fitted model of the surface tension. The quantitative relationship between the calculated values (surface tension, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, viscosity, activation energy, and H2S diffusion coefficient) and the operation conditions (mass fraction and temperature) was demonstrated.

Motions of water molecules in dilute aqueous solutions of tertiary butyl alcohol; a neutron scattering study of hydrophobic hydration

1970 ◽  
Vol 319 (1537) ◽  
pp. 189-208 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Hydrophobic Hydration ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Neutron Scattering Study

Cold neutron inelastic scattering experiments have been performed on dilute aqueous solutions of (CD 3 ) 3 COH and of solutions of (CH 3 ) 3 COH in D 2 O at 21 °C. From the broadening of the quasi-elastic peak and independently determined self-diffusion coefficients ( D ), diffusive lifetimes ( c ) of H 2 O molecules have been calculated as functions of solute concentration. The product Dc is insensitive to concentration, giving a mean diffusion step length of 0.14 nm. The inelastic portion of the spectrum, reflecting lattice-like hydrogen bonding modes indicates that the solute enhances the water ‘structure’ but that such structure bears no resemblance to ice.

scholarly journals The Physicochemical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Alkanesulfonates. Apparent Molar Volumes, ViscosityBCoefficients, Heats of Solution, and Surface Tensions

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1930-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Tamaki ◽  
Y\={o}ko Ohara ◽  
Masahiro Inabe ◽  
Tetsushi Mori ◽  
Fumio Numata
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Heats Of Solution

scholarly journals Spray adjuvant characteristics affecting agricultural spraying drift

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONE B. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ULISSES R. ANTUNIASSI ◽  
MARCO A. GANDOLFO
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

This study defined the main adjuvant characteristics that may influence or help to understand drift formation process in the agricultural spraying. It was evaluated 33 aqueous solutions from combinations of various adjuvants and concentrations. Then, drifting was quantified by means of wind tunnel; and variables such as percentage of droplets smaller than 50 μm (V50), 100 μm (V100), diameter of mean volume (DMV), droplet diameter composing 10% of the sprayed volume (DV0.1), viscosity, density and surface tension. Assays were performed in triplicate, using Teejet XR8003 flat fan nozzles at 200 kPa (medium size droplets). Spray solutions were stained with Brilliant Blue Dye at 0.6% (m/ v). DMV, V100, viscosity cause most influence on drift hazardous. Adjuvant characteristics and respective methods of evaluation have applicability in drift risk by agricultural spray adjuvants.

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