Synthesis of the cyclopropa[c]benzofuran system of mycorrhizin A and of gilmicolin from a benzofuranol. Crystal structure of a 5,8-Methanocyclopropa-[c]naphtho[2,3-b]furan derivative

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFC Brown ◽  
GD Fallon ◽  
BM Gatehouse ◽  
CM Jones ◽  
ID Rae
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cyclopropane Ring ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Furan Derivative ◽  
Methoxy Derivative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

The cyclopropa[c]benzofuran derivative (17), which contains the structural features of methyl ethers of mycorrhizin A and gilmicolin save for the C3 side chain, has been synthesized from the benzofuranol (4) through the benzofuran-4,7-dione (5) and the 7a-methoxy derivative (8). The cyclopropane ring of (17) was introduced by ultraviolet irradiation of a 1-pyrazoline (13) at -78�; irradiation at room temperature gave mainly a profoundly rearranged acidic product for which the methanoindenone structure (18) is proposed. The stereochemistry of the penultimate cyclopropane (16) has been established by X-ray crystallography.

Synthese und Kristallstruktur des Komplexsalzes [Au(tBu2PH)2][HCl2] / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Complex Salt [Au(tBu2PH)2][HCl2]

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christian Böttcher ◽  
Peter Mayer ◽  
Hubert Schmidbaur
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Synthesis And Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Large Complex

The synthesis and the characterization of the complex salt [Au(tBu2PH)2][HCl2] (2) resulting from the reaction of hydrogen tetrachloridoaurate(III) hydrate with tBu2PH in dichloromethane at room temperature is reported. Single crystals of 2 have been analyzed by X-ray crystallography: monoclinic, P21=c, Z = 12, a = 12:0805(3), b = 12:3729(4), c = 46:7506(13) Å ; ß = 90:948(2)°; V = 6986:9(3) Å3; T = 173(2) K. The hydrogen bihalide anions [HCl2]- fill the interstices between the large complex cations [Au(tBu2PH)2]+ in the crystal.

The geometry of 4-(1-ethoxyethylidene)-5-oxazolones and thiazolones: 1H and 13C studies and the crystal structure of 4-[(Z)-1-ethoxyethylidene]-2-phenyl-5-oxazolone

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3618-3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bell ◽  
R. Faggiani ◽  
C. J. L. Lock ◽  
R. A. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Oxazole Ring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Ring Nitrogen ◽  
E And Z Isomers

A series of E and Z isomers of substituted 4-(1-ethoxyethylidene)-5-oxazolones and thiazolones have been prepared and their 1H and 13C spectra recorded. The vinylic methyl 1H chemical shifts showed minimal differences between E and Z isomers whereas the vinylic OCH21H signals differed by 0.15–0.43 ppm, with the Z isomer being consistently the more deshielded. Both vinylic methyl and OCH2 groups showed different 13C resonances for each isomer, with the Z isomers being the more deshielded. The Z geometry was conclusively defined for one isomer of 4-(1-ethoxyethylidene)-2-phenyl-5-oxazolone, 5, by X-ray crystallography and this was sufficient to assign the geometry of the remaining pairs of E and Z isomers. Oxazolone 5 has the space group P21/n and cell dimensions a = 9.219(3), b = 19.899(5), c = 7.459(1) Å, β = 118.01(2)°, and has four formula units in the unit cell. Intensities were measured with use of MoKα radiation and a Nicolet P3 diffractometer. The crystal structure was determined by standard methods and refined to R1 = 0.0709, R2 = 0.0696 based on 1419 independent reflections. The molecule is essentially planar and most bond lengths and angles are normal. Exceptions are the very short C(olefin)—O(ether) bond (1.339(4) Å) and the large ether C—O—C angle (122.1(3)°) caused by extreme delocalization in the O(ether)CCCO(carbonyl) system. The planarity causes a number of strong intramolecular repulsive interactions, causing an exceptionally small external olefin angle, O(ether)CC(methyl), of 108.1(4)°. The ethoxyl side chain of 5 adopts a conformation in the solid state which places the methylene of the OCH2 group adjacent to the oxazole ring nitrogen. This conformation is proposed to persist in solution phases and is consistent with the observed 13C chemical shifts and known γ and δ substituent effects.

scholarly journals Preparation and Crystal Structure of a Rhenium Analogue of the Cationic Renal Agent, Tc-99m Diaminocyclohexane

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi G. Marzilli ◽  
Lory Hansen ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
Rene Lachicotte
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Renal Agent

We report here a chemical study on a Re analogue of one of the few cationic Tc-99m tracers previously investigated as an agent for effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) measurement. Cationic Tc-99m tracers have the potential for overcoming problems associated with common anionic Tc-99m tracers in patients who have developed a uremic state. The Tc-99m-DACH tracer, prepared from 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH), is the only cationic renal agent tested in humans and has seven possible isomers. The complex isolated from the reaction of the racemic mixture, (±)-trans-1,2-DACH, and ReIO2(PPh3)2 after conversion to the BPh4- salt was found by X-ray crystallography to be the meso isomer, trans-[ReO2 (trans-R,R-1,2-DACH)(trans-S,S-l,2-DACH)][BPh4]·MeOH·2H2O (1). The structural parameters for 1 are normal. The complex is highly symmetrical, suggesting that the analogous meso Tc-99m-DACH agent is also symmetrical. Studies of other Tc-99m-DACH agents that were made from cis-1,2-DACH or individual trans-1,2-DACH enantiomers show that the biodistribution is not very dependent on the starting 1,2-DACH ligand stereochemistry; these agents must be less symmetrical than the meso Tc-99m-DACH agent analogue of 1. Thus, the overall charge and lipophilicity (similar for all Tc-99m-DACH isomers) exert a greater influence on biodistribution than the specific structural features of the different Tc-99m-DACH isomers.

Ruthenium carbonyl complexes. III. Peparations, properties and structures of Dicarbonyl- and Monocarbonyl-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridyl)ruthenium(II) complexes

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Deacon ◽  
JM Patrick ◽  
BW Skelton ◽  
NC Thomas ◽  
AH White
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chloro Complex ◽  
Carbonyl Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Ruthenium Carbonyl

Reaction of 2,2':6',2''-terpyridyl (tpy) with ruthenium dicarbonyl dihalides yields the complexes Ru(CO)2X2(tpy) (X = Br or Cl), which can be protonated giving [Ru(CO)2X2(tpyH)]ClO4. Crystal structures of the two forms (red and yellow) of Ru(CO)2Br2(tpy) show each to have octahedral stereo-chemistry with cis-carbonyls, trans-bromines, and bidentate tpy. Treatment of Ru(CO)2X2(tpy) complexes with trimethylamine N-oxide in dichloromethane at room temperature gives cis-Ru(CO)X2(tpy) complexes. The presence of cis halogens and tridentate terpyridyl in the chloro complex has been established by X-ray crystallography. Reaction of terpyridyl with ruthenium trichloride in dimethylformamide yields trans-Ru(CO)Cl2(tpy), the crystal structure of which has been determined.

TEMPO radicals showing magnetic interactions. II. 4-(Benzylideneamino)-TEMPO and related compounds

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujiko Iwasaki ◽  
Joseph H. Yoshikawa ◽  
Hajime Yamamoto ◽  
Kiwamu Takada ◽  
Eiji Kan-nari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Interaction ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Tempo Radical

X-ray crystal structure analyses were performed on 4-(Ar-methyleneamino)-TEMPO radicals at room temperature (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxyl): Ar = Ph [4-(benzylideneamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxyl], 4-MeS-Ph [2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(4-methylthiobenzylideneamino)piperidyl-1-oxyl], 4-Me-Ph [4-(4-methylbenzylideneamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxyl], 4-PhO-Ph [2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(4-phenoxybenzylideneamino)piperidyl-1-oxyl], 4-MeSO_{2}-Ph [2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylbenzylideneamino)piperidyl-1-oxyl], 3-Py [2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(3-pyridylmethylideneamino)piperidyl-1-oxyl] and 2-Naph [2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(2-naphthylideneamino)piperidyl-1-oxyl]. Structures of Ph and 4-Me-Ph derivatives were also determined at 100 K. Some of these crystals have been revealed to show intermolecular ferromagnetic interactions at an extremely low temperature. Structural features of crystals of Ph, 4-MeS-Ph and 3-Py derivatives, which show ferromagnetic interactions, are very similar to each other. In these crystals, O atoms are arranged to form a sheet. The ferromagnetic interactions are considered to be transferred through O...H van der Waals' interactions of the \beta-H atoms of the neighboring TEMPO rings within the sheet. Between O...O sheets, the aryl groups are arranged in a herringbone manner. The crystal structure of the 4-Me-Ph derivative, which shows an antiferromagnetic interaction, is also pseudo-isostructural with those of Ph, 4-MeS-Ph and 3-Py derivatives, while the arrangement of the aryl groups is different. The packing mode of the crystals of the 4-MeSO_{2}-Ph derivative, of which the Weiss constant \theta is nearly zero, is very different from those of the other derivatives showing magnetic interactions. The fact that the crystal structure of the paramagnetic 4-MeSO_{2}-Ph derivative does not show the O...O sheet structure accompanying the O...\beta-H interactions indicates that the intermolecular ferromagnetic interactions through \beta-H atoms within the O...O sheet are important for these TEMPO radical crystals.

Twists and turns: a tale of two shikimate-pathway enzymes

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Brown ◽  
E.P. Carpenter ◽  
K.A. Watson ◽  
J.R. Coggins ◽  
A.R. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Energy Maps

We are studying two enzymes from the shikimate pathway, dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Both enzymes have been the subject of numerous studies to elucidate their reaction mechanisms. Crystal structures of DHQS and EPSPS in the presence and absence of substrates, cofactors and/or inhibitors are now available. These structures reveal movements of domains, rearrangements of loops and changes in side-chain positions necessary for the formation of a catalytically competent active site. The potential for using complementary small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies to confirm the presence of these structural differences in solution has also been explored. Comparative analysis of crystal structures, in the presence and absence of ligands, has revealed structural features critical for substrate-binding and catalysis. We have also analysed these structures by generating GRID energy maps to detect favourable binding sites. The combination of X-ray crystallography, SAXS and computational techniques provides an enhanced analysis of structural features important for the function of these complex enzymes.

A topochemical rearrangement with multiple inversions of configuration

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Wolfe ◽  
Yih-Huang Hsieh ◽  
Raymond J Batchelor ◽  
Frederick WB Einstein ◽  
Ian D Gay
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Intramolecular Process ◽  
C Nmr ◽  
The Ideal

Crystalline 2-benzyloxypyridine-1-oxide rearranges slowly at room temperature to crystalline 1-benzyloxy-2-pyridone. No intermediates are detected when the process is followed by solid-state 13C NMR. The crystal structure of the pyridine-1-oxide strongly suggests that a topochemically controlled intramolecular process, in which the benzyl group migrates with retention of configuration, is not feasible. On the other hand, although somewhat disfavoured by initial solid-state O···C···O angles significantly less than the ideal 180°, intermolecular topochemically controlled processes can be envisaged that lead, with multiple inversions of configuration, either to net retention of configuration or to net inversion of configuration in the benzyl group. In contrast to the 50–80% inversion observed in solution, in the solid state only inversion is observed experimentally when chirally labelled α-deuteriobenzyloxypyridine-1-oxide is allowed to rearrange.Key words: X-ray crystallography, solid-state 13C NMR, benzyl-α-D-alcohol, 2-benzyloxypyridine-1-oxide, 1-benzyloxy-2-pyridone.

Single Crystal Growth of High-Pressure Phases of Ice and Salt Hydrate Far Below the Original Melting Point by Mixing Alcohol: Crystal Structure Determination of Magnesium Chloride Heptahydrate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuki Komatsu ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
X Ray

An crystal-growth technique for single crystal x-ray structure analysis of high-pressure forms of hydrogen-bonded crystals is proposed. We used alcohol mixture (methanol: ethanol = 4:1 in volumetric ratio), which is a widely used pressure transmitting medium, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of unwanted crystals. In this paper, two kinds of single crystals which have not been obtained using a conventional experimental technique were obtained using this technique: ice VI at 1.99 GPa and MgCl<sub>2</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O at 2.50 GPa at room temperature. Here we first report the crystal structure of MgCl2·7H2O. This technique simultaneously meets the requirement of hydrostaticity for high-pressure experiments and has feasibility for further in-situ measurements.

Synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic activity of chlororuthenium(II) complexes with substituted Schiff base/phosphine ancillary ligands

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 851-857
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Fule Wu ◽  
Jiao Ji ◽  
Ai-Quan Jia ◽  
Qian-Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Cationic Complex ◽  
Neutral Complex ◽  
Ancillary Ligands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

AbstractTreatment of [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl2]2 with one equivalent of chlorodiphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran at reflux afforded a neutral complex [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(κ1-P-PPh2OH)] (1). Similarly, the reaction of [Ru(bpy)2Cl2·2H2O] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and chlorodiphenylphosphine in methanol gave a cationic complex [Ru(bpy)2Cl(κ1-P-PPh2OCH3)](PF6) (2), while treatment of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with [2-(C5H4N)CH=N(CH2)2N(CH3)2] (L1) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature afforded a ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(PPh3)Cl2(κ3-N,N,N-L1)] (3). Interaction of the chloro-bridged complex [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n with one equivalent of [Ph2P(o-C6H4)CH=N(CH2)2N(CH3)2] (L2) led to the isolation of [Ru(CO)Cl2(κ3-P,N,N-L2)] (4). The molecular structures of the ruthenium(II) complexes 1–4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The properties of the ruthenium(II) complex 4 as a hydrogenation catalyst for acetophenone were also tested.

scholarly journals Exploring the Structural Chemistry of Pyrophosphoramides: N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
Duncan Micallef ◽  
Liana Vella-Zarb ◽  
Ulrich Baisch
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide 1 is a pyrophosphoramide with documented butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, a property shared with the more widely studied octamethylphosphoramide (Schradan). Unlike Schradan, 1 is a solid at room temperature making it one of a few known pyrophosphoramide solids. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with that of other previously described solid pyrophosphoramides. The pyrophosphoramide discussed in this study was synthesised by reacting iso-propyl amine with pyrophosphoryl tetrachloride under anhydrous conditions. A unique supramolecular motif was observed when compared with previously published pyrophosphoramide structures having two different intermolecular hydrogen bonding synthons. Furthermore, the potential of a wider variety of supramolecular structures in which similar pyrophosphoramides can crystallise was recognised. Proton (1H) and Phosphorus 31 (31P) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) were carried out to complete the analysis of the compound.

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