QTL dissection of yield components and morpho-physiological traits in a durum wheat elite population tested in contrasting thermo-pluviometric conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Graziani ◽  
M. Maccaferri ◽  
C. Royo ◽  
F. Salvatorelli ◽  
R. Tuberosa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Peduncle Length

Dissection of the genetic basis of the adaptive response of durum wheat to unfavourable water and temperature regimes is an important prerequisite for the selection of genotypes less vulnerable to environmental constraints. An elite durum population of 249 recombinant inbred lines was tested across 16 Mediterranean environments characterised by contrasting thermo-pluviometric conditions and, consequently, a broad range of productivity (from 0.56 to 5.88 t  ha–1). Among the environmental variables investigated, soil moisture during grain filling showed the most consistent correlation with yield components and grain yield, whereas a weaker, albeit in some cases significant, association was noted with temperature at heading and thermal time during grain filling. Ear peduncle length appeared as a valid and easy-to-phenotype morphological proxy for the water available to the plant. In total, 76 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for yield components and for several morpho-physiological traits (peduncle length, the spectral reflectance index NDVI and leaf greenness at the milk-grain stage expressed in SPAD units) associated with the adaptive response of wheat to water and heat stresses. Although most of the QTLs were significant in only one or two environments, two major QTLs on chromosomes 2BL and 3BS showed consistent additive and epistatic effects on 1000-kernel weight, peduncle length, SPAD values and grain yield in half of the environments. In view of their strong phenotypic effects on kernel weight, these two QTLs are good candidates for positional cloning in order to gain a better understanding of the functional basis of their effect on the plasticity of grain weight and grain yield.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification of QTL associated with yield and yield components in two popular wheat cultivars TAM 111 and TAM 112

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Smit Dhakal ◽  
Chenggen Chu ◽  
Shichen Wang ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

AbstractTwo drought-tolerant wheat cultivars, ‘TAM 111’ and ‘TAM 112’, have been widely grown in the Southern Great Plains of the U.S. and used as parents in many wheat breeding programs worldwide. This study aimed to reveal genetic control of yield and yield components in the two cultivars under both dryland and irrigated conditions. A mapping population containing 124 F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross of TAM 112/TAM 111. A set of 5,948 SNPs from the wheat 90K iSelect array and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing was used to construct high-density genetic maps. Data for yield and yield components were obtained from 11 environments. QTL analyses were performed based on 11 individual environments, across all environments, within and across mega-environments. Thirty-six unique consistent QTL regions were distributed on 13 chromosomes including 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3D, 4B, 4D, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7B, and 7D. Ten unique QTL with pleiotropic effects were identified on four chromosomes and eight were in common with the consistent QTL. These QTL increased dry biomass grain yield by 16.3 g m−2, plot yield by 28.1 g m−2, kernels spike−1 by 0.7, spikes m−2 by 14.8, thousand kernel weight by 0.9 g with favorable alleles from either parent. TAM 112 alleles mainly increased spikes m−2 and thousand kernel weight while TMA 111 alleles increased kernels spike−1, harvest index and grain yield. The saturated genetic map and markers linked to significant QTL from this study will be very useful in developing high throughput genotyping markers for tracking the desirable haplotypes of these important yield-related traits in popular parental cultivars.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification of QTL associated with yield and yield components in two popular wheat cultivars TAM 111 and TAM 112

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0237293
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Smit Dhakal ◽  
Chenggen Chu ◽  
Shichen Wang ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Two drought-tolerant wheat cultivars, ‘TAM 111’ and ‘TAM 112’, have been widely grown in the Southern Great Plains of the U.S. and used as parents in many wheat breeding programs worldwide. This study aimed to reveal genetic control of yield and yield components in the two cultivars under both dryland and irrigated conditions. A mapping population containing 124 F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross of TAM 112/TAM 111. A set of 5,948 SNPs from the wheat 90K iSelect array and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing was used to construct high-density genetic maps. Data for yield and yield components were obtained from 11 environments. QTL analyses were performed based on 11 individual environments, across all environments, within and across mega-environments. Thirty-six unique consistent QTL regions were distributed on 13 chromosomes including 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3D, 4B, 4D, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7B, and 7D. Ten unique QTL with pleiotropic effects were identified on four chromosomes and eight were in common with the consistent QTL. These QTL increased dry biomass grain yield by 16.3 g m-2, plot yield by 28.1 g m-2, kernels spike-1 by 0.7, spikes m-2 by 14.8, thousand kernel weight by 0.9 g with favorable alleles from either parent. TAM 112 alleles mainly increased spikes m-2 and thousand kernel weight while TMA 111 alleles increased kernels spike-1, harvest index and grain yield. The saturated genetic map and markers linked to significant QTL from this study will be very useful in developing high throughput genotyping markers for tracking the desirable haplotypes of these important yield-related traits in popular parental cultivars.

scholarly journals Analysis of Some Agronomic Traits of Durum Wheat Under Dryland and Supplemental Irrigation Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Gohar Afrooz ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Rahmatollah Karimizadeh ◽  
Fariborz Shekari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Peduncle Length

Abstract Knowledge about the extent of variability and the association among traits are of a high value for any breeding efforts. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the agro-morphological traits in a set of durum wheat genotypes under supplemental irrigation and dry land conditions. Results showed that principal component (PC) analysis had grouped the measured traits into four main components that altogether accounted for 77% of the total variation under non-stressed condition and 87% under water-stressed condition. With regard to the first four PCs, peduncle length, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, test weight, days to physiological maturity and thousand kernel weight have shown to be the most important variables affecting the performance of durum wheat under non-stressed condition. In the first four PCs at the water- stressed condition, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, days to physiological maturity, test weight and peduncle length have been shown to be the important variables under water-stressed condition. The results of factor analysis relatively confirmed the results of PC analysis. Our findings indicated that a selection strategy should take into consideration of agronomic score and days to physiological maturity under non-stressed condition while plant height and spike length under water-stressed condition. Therefore, the above-mentioned traits could be used as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in durum wheat, especially in early generations of breeding programmes

Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

Morphological characteristics of wheat associated with high productivity

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Major ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
J. M. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars including soft white spring, hard red spring, Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) and durum types were grown on rain-fed and irrigated land from 1987 to 1990 at Lethbridge, AB, to assess the relationship between yield components and radiation-use efficiency. Canopy reflectance measurements were used to estimate seasonal absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). At maturity, yield components including tillers per plant, heads per plant, kernels per head and kernel weight were determined. Whole-plant phytomass and grain yield were also determined. Harvest index was determined from the ratio of grain yield to whole-plant (excluding roots) phytomass and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) was calculated from the ratio of whole-plant phytomass to APAR. Significant grain yield differences confirmed that soft white and CPS wheats yielded more and responded more to irrigation than hard red or durum wheats. The yield components that were consistently different among cultivars were kernels per head and kernel weight which would be expected to increase if a consistent supply of assimilate was available during grain filling. Soft white and CPS wheats had higher harvest indices than the hard red or durum wheats, particularly under irrigation. Whole-plant phytomass was closely related to APAR and there were few differences among cultivars for RUE. There was no difference in RUE between rain-fed and irrigated treatments, indicating that there was probably no crop water stress on the rain-fed plots. RUE estimates for 1988 were lower than for the succeeding years, indicating an environmental or edaphic stress in that year.Key words: Remote sensing, radiation-use efficiency, yield components

scholarly journals Effect of terminal drought on yield and some physiological traits of winter wheat

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Habus-Jercic ◽  
Marijana Baric ◽  
Snjezana Keresa ◽  
Anita Bosnjak-Mihovilovic ◽  
Milan Poljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
Green Strategy

Terminal drought i.e. drought during grain-filling phase is the most devastating environmental stress to wheat production. In present study the effect of terminal drought on physiological traits and its influence on yield and yield components in two winter wheat varieties (Kuna and Karla) were investigated. Terminal drought stress was applied from the beginning of anthesis by installing mobile plastic roof above the crops. Leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll content index (CCI), relative water content (RWC), and nitrogen (N) content were measured three times during grain-filling phase, at early milk maturity (EMM), late milk maturity (LMM), and at early wax maturity (EWM). Grain yield and 1000 grain weight were measured by harvesting of each plot at crop maturity. Terminal drought enhanced leaf senescence and caused reduction of RWC, CCI, net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) as well as, grain yield and all measured yield components. However, grain yield and grain weight per ear were less affected in Karla indicating enhanced tolerance to terminal drought compared to Kuna variety. Higher tolerance to terminal drought in Karla is based on stay-green strategy. Stay-green strategy in Karla was characterized by retention of CCI at early wax maturity, which contributed to higher E and lower intercellular CO2 concentration compared to Kuna under terminal drought. Stay-green strategy as trait that enhanced terminal drought tolerance in Karla should be used in breeding programs and utilized to ensure maximum economic yields under terminal drought conditions.

scholarly journals Study of grain yield and several morphological traits diversity in some durum wheat genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
NASER SABAGHNIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Durum wheat has been subjected to intense cultivation due to its economic importance and it occupies second place after bread wheat in many regions. The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design with four replications using thirteen newly improved durum wheat genotypes and one check cultivar as Dehdasht. Several traits including plant height, peduncle length, spike length, growth vigority, agronomic score, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, thousand kernel weight, test weight and grain yield were measured. Significant differences were observed for all the traits among durum wheat genotypes indicating considerable amount of variation. The estimates of the coefficient of variation were high for spike length and growth vigority. The number of days to heading ranged from 106.5 (G1 and G3) to 111.8 (G10) while G13 had the longest (146.0) and G2 (142.5) and G11 (142.3) had the shortest days to physiological maturity. The test weight ranged from 378.5 in G10 to 397.0 in G8, but the check cultivar indicated the highest thousand kernel weight (44.0 g). According to grain yield, G3 had the maximum yield (6720 kg ha-1) and G7 had the minimum yield (5047 kg ha-1). The high yielding genotypes had high values for growth vigority, spike length, peduncle length, agronomic score and thousand kernel weight. The information on the agro-morphological traits of the studied durum wheat genotypes will be helpful to plant breeders in constructing their breeding materials and implementing selection strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping and Genomics of Grain Yield in Durum Wheat: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvin Arriagada ◽  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Agata Gadaleta ◽  
Andrés R. Schwember
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Genomic Regions

Durum wheat is the most relevant cereal for the whole of Mediterranean agriculture, due to its intrinsic adaptation to dryland and semi-arid environments and to its strong historical cultivation tradition. It is not only relevant for the primary production sector, but also for the food industry chains associated with it. In Mediterranean environments, wheat is mostly grown under rainfed conditions and the crop is frequently exposed to environmental stresses, with high temperatures and water scarcity especially during the grain filling period. For these reasons, and due to recurrent disease epidemics, Mediterranean wheat productivity often remains under potential levels. Many studies, using both linkage analysis (LA) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), have identified the genomic regions controlling the grain yield and the associated markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Here, we have summarized all the current studies identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and/or candidate genes involved in the main traits linked to grain yield: kernel weight, number of kernels per spike and number of spikes per unit area.

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