scholarly journals Study of grain yield and several morphological traits diversity in some durum wheat genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
NASER SABAGHNIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Durum wheat has been subjected to intense cultivation due to its economic importance and it occupies second place after bread wheat in many regions. The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design with four replications using thirteen newly improved durum wheat genotypes and one check cultivar as Dehdasht. Several traits including plant height, peduncle length, spike length, growth vigority, agronomic score, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, thousand kernel weight, test weight and grain yield were measured. Significant differences were observed for all the traits among durum wheat genotypes indicating considerable amount of variation. The estimates of the coefficient of variation were high for spike length and growth vigority. The number of days to heading ranged from 106.5 (G1 and G3) to 111.8 (G10) while G13 had the longest (146.0) and G2 (142.5) and G11 (142.3) had the shortest days to physiological maturity. The test weight ranged from 378.5 in G10 to 397.0 in G8, but the check cultivar indicated the highest thousand kernel weight (44.0 g). According to grain yield, G3 had the maximum yield (6720 kg ha-1) and G7 had the minimum yield (5047 kg ha-1). The high yielding genotypes had high values for growth vigority, spike length, peduncle length, agronomic score and thousand kernel weight. The information on the agro-morphological traits of the studied durum wheat genotypes will be helpful to plant breeders in constructing their breeding materials and implementing selection strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

scholarly journals Analysis of Some Agronomic Traits of Durum Wheat Under Dryland and Supplemental Irrigation Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Gohar Afrooz ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Rahmatollah Karimizadeh ◽  
Fariborz Shekari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Peduncle Length

Abstract Knowledge about the extent of variability and the association among traits are of a high value for any breeding efforts. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the agro-morphological traits in a set of durum wheat genotypes under supplemental irrigation and dry land conditions. Results showed that principal component (PC) analysis had grouped the measured traits into four main components that altogether accounted for 77% of the total variation under non-stressed condition and 87% under water-stressed condition. With regard to the first four PCs, peduncle length, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, test weight, days to physiological maturity and thousand kernel weight have shown to be the most important variables affecting the performance of durum wheat under non-stressed condition. In the first four PCs at the water- stressed condition, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, days to physiological maturity, test weight and peduncle length have been shown to be the important variables under water-stressed condition. The results of factor analysis relatively confirmed the results of PC analysis. Our findings indicated that a selection strategy should take into consideration of agronomic score and days to physiological maturity under non-stressed condition while plant height and spike length under water-stressed condition. Therefore, the above-mentioned traits could be used as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in durum wheat, especially in early generations of breeding programmes

scholarly journals Effect of Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 Allelic Variants on Grain Number and Thousand Kernel Weight of Durum Wheat and Their Impact on Final Grain Yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Arjona ◽  
Conxita Royo ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Dolors Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight

scholarly journals Study on Genotypic Response and Correlation Analysis of the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Deepak Vitrakoti ◽  
Sheetal Aryal ◽  
Santosh Rasaily ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 529-536

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN BANGLADESH

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
J. Rahman ◽  
M. A. K. Azad ◽  
N. C. D. Barma ◽  
B. K. Biswash
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Thirty local and exotic wheat genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design with three replications at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rajshahi during Rabi season of 2010-11. The main objective of this study was to identify the extent of genetic diversity for traits related to drought tolerance mechanism. Genotypes were grouped into five different clusters. Cluster V comprised with the maximum number of genotypes (eleven) followed by cluster III with six and IV with five genotypes. Inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters I and II (15.03) indicated wide genetic diversity between the genotypes of these two clusters followed by the distance between cluster I and III (14.20). The highest inter genotypic distance (1.5566) was estimated between the genotypes G4 and G18 and the lowest (0.2240) between G13 and G14. Among the characters, early ground coverage, initial plant m-2, days to heading, peduncle length and chlorophyll content of flag leaf at 14 days after anthesis contributed the maximum for divergence in the genotypes investigated. It revealed that these parameters contributed more to grain yield under drought stress. Cluster I had the highest grain yield ha-1, spikes m-2, TDM and LAI at 86 DAS, CTgf, peduncle length and plant height. Cluster II exibitted the lowest days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, CTgf , chlorophyll content at 14 days after anthesis, LAI, TDM and spikes m-2 . Crosses between I and II, I and III, I and IV, III and V and II and V have greater chance to generate more heterotic F1s. Considering magnitude of genetic distance, contribution of different traits towards total divergence, magnitude of cluster means for different traits and performance the genotypes; G30, G6 and G28 of cluster I, G18 and G7 of cluster II and G25, G27 , G19, G2 and G1 of cluster V could be utilized as parents for future hybridization programme to improve drought-tolerant high yielding wheat crop.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19977

QTL dissection of yield components and morpho-physiological traits in a durum wheat elite population tested in contrasting thermo-pluviometric conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Graziani ◽  
M. Maccaferri ◽  
C. Royo ◽  
F. Salvatorelli ◽  
R. Tuberosa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Peduncle Length

Dissection of the genetic basis of the adaptive response of durum wheat to unfavourable water and temperature regimes is an important prerequisite for the selection of genotypes less vulnerable to environmental constraints. An elite durum population of 249 recombinant inbred lines was tested across 16 Mediterranean environments characterised by contrasting thermo-pluviometric conditions and, consequently, a broad range of productivity (from 0.56 to 5.88 t  ha–1). Among the environmental variables investigated, soil moisture during grain filling showed the most consistent correlation with yield components and grain yield, whereas a weaker, albeit in some cases significant, association was noted with temperature at heading and thermal time during grain filling. Ear peduncle length appeared as a valid and easy-to-phenotype morphological proxy for the water available to the plant. In total, 76 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for yield components and for several morpho-physiological traits (peduncle length, the spectral reflectance index NDVI and leaf greenness at the milk-grain stage expressed in SPAD units) associated with the adaptive response of wheat to water and heat stresses. Although most of the QTLs were significant in only one or two environments, two major QTLs on chromosomes 2BL and 3BS showed consistent additive and epistatic effects on 1000-kernel weight, peduncle length, SPAD values and grain yield in half of the environments. In view of their strong phenotypic effects on kernel weight, these two QTLs are good candidates for positional cloning in order to gain a better understanding of the functional basis of their effect on the plasticity of grain weight and grain yield.

AGRO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
REZA MOHAMMADI ◽  
ALIREZA ETMINAN ◽  
LIA SHOSHTARI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Conditions

SUMMARYKnowledge of agro-physiological traits associated with drought tolerance would be useful for developing breeding materials for drought-prone environments. This study was conducted (i) to estimate genetic variability among 25 durum wheat genotypes in response to drought based on grain yield and 15 agro-physiological traits in single and multi-year trials; and (ii) to compare genotypes on the basis of multiple investigated traits using genotype by trait (GT) biplot technique and then recommend possible selection strategies. We found large genetic differences among durum wheat genotypes for agro-physiological traits in response to drought stress within and between single years, which revealed good promise in their further exploitation for selection in durum wheat breeding program. High broad-sense heritability and expected genetic advance as percent of mean observed in plant height (90.8%; 52.7%), grain yield (53.6%, 23.5%) and relative water loss (47.2%, 41.3%), respectively, indicated a major role of additive gene action. The results showed that the performance of genotypes was influenced by the year. The traits with high consistence across years were heading date, plant height and peduncle length. The potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were positively associated with grain yield, while heading date, plant height and canopy temperature (CT) were negatively associated with grain yield under the drought conditions. In conclusion, based on across-year analyses, Fv/Fm, TKW, heading date, plant height and CT are the most promising traits for indirect selection.

scholarly journals Estimation of heritability and genetic advance for various metric traits in seven F2 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Saleem ◽  
Abdus Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Fahid Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Metric Traits

Heritability estimates provide information about the traits that are transmitted from parents to their offsprings and it has a crucial role in selection criteria to improve grain yield. The purpose of the present study was to compute heritability and genetic advance of seven F2 populations derived through cross combinations of five parental varieties/lines of bread wheat Iqbal-2000, Lasani- 2008, 9444, 9432 and 9436. Data were recorded for seven metric traits: plant height, days to heading, flag leaf area, peduncle length, number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike and grain yield per plant. The estimates of heritability were low to high for all the traits studied except for kernel weight per spike which had a moderate to high value of heritability. Results depict that all the mentioned traits can be enhanced easily due to high values of heritability and phenotypic variations. The cross combinations 9436 ? Iqbal-2000 and 9436 ? Lasani-2008 had high heritability for most of the traits. Therefore, selection could be practiced among wheat crosses with special emphasis on crosses, namely 9436 ? Iqbal-2000, to improve grain yield per plant.

scholarly journals Response of Malt Barley (Hordeum Distichum L) Varieties to Different Row Spacing under Contrasted Environments of North Gondar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amare Assefa Bogale ◽  
Ketema Niguse ◽  
Awoke Wasae ◽  
Shegaw Habitu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Malt Barley

A field experiment was conducted in north Gondar to investigate the response of malt barley varieties to different inter-row spacing under contrasted environment. The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were three different inter-row spacing (i.e., 20, 25, and 30 cm), six malt barley varieties (i.e., Holker, HB1963, Sabine, Ibone174/03, EH1847, and Freygebse), and two locations (Miligebsa and Kino). The result sowed that days to 50% heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, plant height, spike length, and number of kernels per spike were significantly ( p < 0.01 ) affected by the main effect of location and varieties. Similarly, effective tiller number, biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield were significantly ( p < 0.01 ) influenced by the main effect of variety, inter-row spacing, and location. Important interaction was also observed between varieties × inter-row spacing × location on days to 50% heading, spike length, biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield. Location × variety interaction significantly influences the days to 90% physiological maturity and effective tiller number. Similar significant ( p < 0.05 ) trend was also observed between varieties with inter-row spacing on effective tiller number and thousand kernel weight even at p < 0.01 level of significance. It was found that optimization of row spacing was found to be influenced by location and varietal difference. Hence, on the basis of the result, it can be inferred that 25 cm row spacing combined with the varieties “HB1963,” “Hollker,” and “Sabine” was optimum for maximum yielding potential under potential environment (Miligebsa).

scholarly journals Management of Leaf Blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) Disease of Wheat with Cultural Practices

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
PCP Chaurasia ◽  
E Duveiller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Late Sowing

An experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Agriculture research Station, Tarahara,Nepal for three consecutive years viz 2000/2001,2001/2002, and 2002/2003 to evaluate theeffects of different cultural practices on leaf blight diseases of wheat caused by Bipolarissorokiniana under terai conditions. The experiment was conducted in factorial RandomizedComplete Block Design with four replications. Four factors, two wheat verities RR-21 andNepal 297,two number of irrigations (two and three irrigations), two doses of Nitrogen fertilizerviz. 60kg N/ha and 120 kg N/ha and two dates of sowing of wheat were examined. Differentyield components, grain yield (kg/plot) and disease severity were recorded to judge the effects ofthese factors on severity of leaf blight of wheat. Nepal Line 297 had significantly less AUDPCbased on flag leaf infection and whole plan as compared to RR-21. Number of irrigations had nosignificant effect on AUDPC, as there was frequent rain during experimental period. Doses ofNitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. It was higher incase of 60 kg N/ha. The third week of November sowing of wheat had lower value of AUDPCas compared to December sowing. Plant height, panicle lengths were highly significantly higherin case of RR-21 as compared to Nepal-297. Thousand kernel weight, and grain yield kg/ha weresignificantly higher in Nepal-297. All agronomic parameters except thousand kernel weight andnumber of tillers/plan were significantly higher in 120kg N/ha. The third week of Novembersowing of wheat had less plant height and panicle length, higher thousand kernel weight andmore grain yield. Leaf blight severity was highly significantly less in case of Nepal-297. Dosesof Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, panicle length, thousand kernelweight, percentage flag leaf infection and AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. Based on theresults of three years of experimentations, it can be concluded that Nepal-297 had less disease,number of irrigations had no effect on disease severity, higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer hadless flag infection and late sowing of wheat also had less disease. Numbers of irrigation's effectswere inconclusive as there were frequent rains during experimentation period. Based on aboveconclusion, it is recommended that growing wheat verity like Nepal-297, use of higher doses ofnitrogen fertilizer and sowing of wheat / first week of Dec help in minimizing the severity of leafblight. However late sowing had lowered grain yield.Key words: AUDPC; culture practices; disease management; leaf blightDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1870Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.63-69

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