Root uptake and xylem transport of cadmium in wheat and triticale as affected by exogenous amino acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Khodamoradi ◽  
A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh ◽  
S. A. M. Mirmohammady Maibody
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Long Distance

Organic acids exuded from plant roots significantly modify uptake and long-distance translocation of metals. Little is known about the effect of amino acids on metal ion uptake by plant roots. The present study investigated the effects of exogenous amino acids (histidine and glycine) in a nutrient solution on root uptake and xylem sap transport of cadmium (Cd) in triticale (× Triticosecale cv. Elinor) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Back Cross Rushan). Plant seedlings were grown in a Cd-free modified Hoagland nutrient solution to which 1 µm Cd was added with either 50 µm histidine or 50 µm glycine or without amino acids at 4 weeks after germination. A control treatment consisted of a nutrient solution free of Cd and amino acids. In bread wheat, addition of histidine to the Cd-containing nutrient solution resulted in a higher operationally defined symplastic Cd fraction but a lower apoplastic one in the roots. In triticale, addition of either amino acid decreased the symplastic Cd fraction but increased the apoplastic one. Addition of histidine to the nutrient solution increased Cd concentration in wheat xylem sap but had no significant effect on Cd concentration in triticale xylem sap. Compared with the Cd-only treatment, the glycine-containing treatment led to significantly reduced Cd concentrations in xylem sap of both plant species. Wheat plants supplied with histidine and Cd accumulated greater amounts of Cd in their shoots than those supplied with Cd alone. Glycine had no significant effects on the Cd content of wheat shoots but decreased it in triticale shoots. Results indicate that the effects of amino acids on plant root uptake and xylem sap translocation of Cd depend on the type of amino acid supplemented. This finding is of great importance for selecting and/or breeding cultivars with Cd-toxicity tolerance.

How do glycine and histidine in nutrient solution affect zinc uptake and root-to-shoot translocation by wheat and triticale?

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Khodamoradi ◽  
A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh ◽  
N. Dalir ◽  
M. Afyuni ◽  
R. Schulin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Zn Concentration

Understanding how complexes with amino acids in soil solution affect plant zinc (Zn) uptake may aid in optimising plant Zn nutrition. We investigated the influence of histidine and glycine in nutrient solution on apoplastic and symplastic uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of Zn in a triticale (×Triticosecale cv. Elinor) and a bread wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum cv. Back Cross Rushan). Six-week-old seedlings of the two cultivars were transferred to a nutrient solution containing 20 µm Zn, to which 50 µm histidine, 50 µm glycine or no amino acids were added. Control plants were transplanted to nutrient solution with no Zn or amino acids. Higher concentrations of Zn were found in root and shoots of wheat and triticale plants supplied with Zn than in the control plants without Zn supply. Among the treatments with Zn supply, histidine enhanced, whereas glycine reduced, symplastic root Zn concentration in bread wheat. Both amino acids decreased the symplastic root Zn concentration but had no effect on apoplastic Zn in triticale. Both amino acid treatments also reduced Zn concentrations in the xylem sap of the two plant species compared with the treatment with Zn addition only. In bread wheat, the effect was stronger for glycine than for histidine; in triticale, it was the same for both amino acids. The concentration of Zn in xylem sap was always greater in wheat than in triticale. Addition of histidine to the nutrient solution increased the total amount of shoot Zn in triticale but not in bread wheat, compared with the treatment with Zn addition only, whereas glycine had no significant effect on total shoot Zn in either of the plant species. The results show that histidine, but not glycine, can enhance Zn uptake and translocation into the aboveground parts of triticale. We suggest that this ability of histidine was due to the formation of strong complexes with Zn.

scholarly journals The Effect of Amino Acids and The Date of Planting on Yield and Some Yield Components of Three Maize Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Y A Al-Janabi ◽  
N M Abood ◽  
M I Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) and the arrangement of split-split plot with three replications, at the Field Crops Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department - Abu Ghraib during the spring season for the years 2019 and 2020. With the aim of studying the effect of amino acids, planting dates and their effect on some of the yield characteristics and its components for three varieties of maize in the spring season. Planting dates (March 15, March 25 and April 5) occupied the main plots, while amino acids and the control treatment (proline, arginine, and distilled water) occupied the sub-plot, whereas the varieties (Rabi, Baghdad 3 and Fajr 1) occupied the sub-sub-plot, and the most important results were summarized as follows:The two cultivars, Rabi and Fajr-1, achieved a significant increase in most of the yield characteristics and its components for the seasons. The addition of the amino acid proline also led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits (the number of grains in ear, weight of 500 grains, total grain and biological yield, and harvest index), planting dates also have a significant effect on most of the studied traits. The first date (15/3) recorded increase in the number of grains per ear, the weight of 500 grams, and the grain and biological yield. The plants of the Rabi variety when cultivated on March 15 th and sprayed with the amino acid proline achieved the highest average for the grain yield, which reached 7.48 ton. ha-1 for spring 2019.

scholarly journals Die Hemmung von Agrobacterium tumefaciens durch D-Aminosäuren

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bopp
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth

The growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in nutrient solution can be inhibited by all ᴅ-amino acids used in these experiments. The degree of inhibition is of different in magnitude; in some cases the inhibition is complete. The inhibition is dependent on the concentration of ᴅ-amino acid and can not be counteracted by addition of L-amino acid or glycine; it is increased by K2CO3. After 28 transfers, all ᴅ-amino acid used in these experiments lead to reduction or complete loss of virulence. It can be assumed that ᴅ-amino acids induce independently loss of virulence and inhibition of growth.

The Role of Amino Acids in the Long-Distance Transport of La and Y in the Xylem Sap of Tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-liang Wu ◽  
Zheng-gui Wei ◽  
Hai-yan Zhao ◽  
Hui-xin Li ◽  
Feng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON TILLERING AND YIELD OF THREE BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Al-Naqeeb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Engineering Sciences

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L-1 and the amino acid L-Cystine at 100 and 150 mg L-1 and control treatment. The treatments of foliar application were applied during two growth stages, the first was when the main stem had three leaves (ZGS: 13) and the second was when the plant entered the flowering stage (ZGS: 60). Results showed the significant superiority of Buhooth 22 in most growth traits, which produced the highest number of tillers.m-2 (556.30 and 568.15 tillers m-2), number of spikes (476.74 and 494.19 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (31.09 and 32.43 g), and grain yield (5.39 and 5.15 Mg ha-1) for the two seasons respectively. The treatment of foliar application L-Tryptophan at 50 mg L-1 was significantly superior in most traits of yield components which produced the highest values of the number of tillers (616.89 and 627.78 tillers m-2), number of spikes (477.00 and 944.67 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (32.01 and 33.55g), and grain yield (5.77 and 5.33Mg ha-1) in the two seasons, respectively. The response of wheat cultivar growth and yield to amino acids differed significantly.      

scholarly journals Biostimulative effect of amino acids and green algae extract on capsaicinoid and other metabolite contents in fruits of Capsicum spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilen Zamljen ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Robert Veberič ◽  
Ana Slatnar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Capsicum Spp

Abstract Background Biostimulants, such as algae extracts or amino acids, are becoming more common in agriculture because the mentality is to make plants more resistant or tolerant to negative environmental factors, rather than using synthetic chemicals (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides), whose use is decreasing year by year, forcing farmers and companies to develop new environmentally friendly products. Results In a field experiment, green algae and amino acids were tested as biostimulants on three hot pepper cultivars. A large variability was observed between the effects of the two biostimulants on the cultivars. Green algae-treated ‘Somborka’ and ‘Habanero Red Caribbean’ cultivars had 10% and 5% higher dry matter in seeds compared to control treatment. Total sugar content was negatively affected by green algae extract and amino acids in pericarp in cultivars ‘Chili AS-Red’ and ‘Habanero Red Caribbean’. Total organic acids content was positively affected by amino acid treatment in ‘Habanero Red Caribbean’ pericarp and placenta, with an increase of 5.5 g and 2.1 g/100 g DW, respectively. In terms of total phenolics, all three cultivars were positively affected by amino acid treatment, but not in each fruit part. In terms of capsaicinoid content, the greatest effect of the two stimulants was on ‘Somborka’, which varied from four (pericarp, seed) to 16 (placenta) times compared to the control. Amino acid extract decreased ‘Habanero Red Caribbean’ capsaicinoid content in placenta by about 40%. Conclusion Amino acids were found to be superior to algal extract, although the effect of both was mostly cultivar specific. For a wider use of biostimulants, it should first be tested whether they are suitable for the cultivar in order to increase and optimize the results. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Calcium Chelated with Amino Acids Improves Quality and Postharvest Life of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum cv. Cinderella Lime)

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Saeedi ◽  
Nematollah Etemadi ◽  
Ali Nikbakht ◽  
Amir H. Khoshgoftarmanesh ◽  
Mohammad R. Sabzalian
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Lisianthus is one of the most important specialty cut flowers in the world. Various greenhouse conditions and inadequate evapotranspiration can disturb the transport of calcium and impair its uptake by plants. This study aimed to compare the effects of calcium amino acid chelates and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on flower production, quality, and postharvest life of cut ‘Cinderella Lime’ lisianthus. Therefore, nutrient solutions containing calcium amino acid chelates (1%) were prepared using calcium and equal concentrations of lysine, threonine, or methionine. The control treatment was a solution without amino acids and calcium. Calcium concentrations of flowering stems were significantly higher in plants treated with calcium amino acid chelates than those treated with amino acids or the control treatment. Treatment with calcium methionine chelate led to significantly higher flower numbers compared with treatment with free amino acids and the control treatment. Moreover, calcium amino acid chelates effectively improved the fresh and dry mass of the flowering stems in comparison with the control plants. In summary, among all calcium sources, calcium lysine chelate could most effectively enhance the postharvest life of lisianthus cut flowers.

scholarly journals Single amino acid-promoted reactions link a non-enzymatic chemical network to the early evolution of enzymatic pentose phosphate pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Piedrafita ◽  
Sreejith Varma ◽  
Cecilia Castro ◽  
Christoph Messner ◽  
Lukasz Szyrwiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Rna Backbone

AbstractHow metabolic pathways emerged in early evolution remains largely unknown. Recently discovered chemical networks driven by iron and sulfur resemble reaction sequences found within glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the oxidative and reductive Krebs cycle, the Wood Ljungdahl as well as the S-adenosylmethionine pathways, components of the core cellular metabolic network. These findings suggest that the evolution of central metabolism was primed by environmental chemical reactions, implying that non-enzymatic reaction networks served as a “template” in the evolution of enzymatic activities. We speculated that the turning point for this transition would depend on the catalytic properties of the simplest structural components of proteins, single amino acids. Here, we systematically combine constituents of Fe(II)-driven non-enzymatic reactions resembling glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), with single proteinogenic amino acids. Multiple reaction rates are enhanced by amino acids. In particular, cysteine is able to replace (and/or complement) the metal ion Fe(II) in driving the non-enzymatic formation of the RNA-backbone metabolite ribose 5-phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate, a rate-limiting reaction of the oxidative PPP. In the presence of both Fe(II) and cysteine, a complex is formed, enabling the non-enzymatic reaction to proceed at a wide range of temperatures. At mundane temperatures, this ‘minimal enzyme-like complex’ achieves a much higher specificity in the formation of ribose 5-phosphate than the Fe(II)-driven reaction at high temperatures. Hence, simple amino acids can accelerate key steps within metal-promoted metabolism-like chemical networks. Our results imply a stepwise scenario, in which environmental chemical networks served as primers in the early evolution of the metabolic network structure.Significance StatementThe evolutionary roots of metabolic pathways are barely understood. Here we show results consistent with a stepwise scenario during the evolution of (enzymatic) metabolism, starting from non-enzymatic chemical networks. By systematic screening of metabolic-like reactivities in vitro, and using high-throughput analytical techniques, we identify an iron/cysteine complex to act as a ‘minimal enzymelike complex’, which consists of a metal ion, an amino acid, and a sugar phosphate ligand. Integrated in a metal-driven, non-enzymatic pentose phosphate pathway, it promotes the formation of the RNA-backbone precursor ribose 5-phosphate at ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Biostimulant Application with a Tropical Plant Extract Enhances Corchorus olitorius Adaptation to Sub-Optimal Nutrient Regimens by Improving Physiological Parameters

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Paolo Bonini ◽  
Luisa D’Amelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Tropical Plant

The emerging role of plant biostimulants in enhancing nutrient efficiency is important for maintaining soil fertility under sub-optimal nutrient regimens. We aimed to elucidate the morpho-physiological and biochemical effects as well as mineral composition changes of greenhouse jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) treated with a commercial vegetal-derived biostimulant from a tropical plant extract (PE; Auxym®, Italpollina, Rivoli Veronese, Italy). Plants were sprayed in weekly intervals with a solution containing 2 mL·L−1 PE. Jute plants were supplied with three nutrient solution concentrations: full-, half-, and quarter-strength. Decreasing macronutrient concentrations in the nutrient solution (NS), especially at quarter-strength, triggered a decrease in several morphological (plant height, leaf number, and dry biomass) and physiological (net CO2 assimilation rate (ACO2) and SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index) parameters. PE application triggered specific ameliorative effects in terms of fresh yield at both half- and quarter-strength nutrient solution (15.5% and 29.5%, respectively). This was associated with an enhancement in ACO2, SPAD index, and especially the nutritional status (high nitrate, K, and Mg contents, and low Na content). The foliar application of PE, strongly increased chlorophyll b content, enhancing jute plant adaptation to fluctuating light and therefore the efficiency of photosynthesis, positively affecting starch, soluble proteins, and total amino acids content but only when jute plants were irrigated with full-strength NS, compared to the respective control treatment. At lower nutrient strength, PE reprogrammed the nitrogen distribution, allowing its remobilization from glutamate, which was quantitatively the major amino acid under lower nutrient strength, but not from chlorophylls, thus maintaining efficient photosynthesis. We confirmed that PE Auxym® acts in a balanced manner on the main metabolic pathways of the plant, regulating the uptake and transport of mineral nutrients and protein synthesis, increasing the accumulation of essential amino acids under full nutritive solutions, and re-distributing nitrogen from amino acids to allow leaf growth and expansion even under sub-optimal nutrient conditions. Overall, the use of natural plant biostimulants may be a potential solution in low-input conditions, where environmental constraints and restricted use of fertilizers may affect potential crop productivity.

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