Legume groundcovers have mixed effects on growth and yield ofMacadamia integrifolia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
D. J. Firth ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley ◽  
G. G. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Old Trees

The effects of Lotus pedunculatus (cv. Grasslands Maku) and Arachis pintoi (cv. Amarillo) groundcovers on growth and yield of 1-, 4- and 14-year-old macadamia orchards were investigated over 5 years near Lismore in northern New South Wales. Bare control plots were used at all sites, along with an unmown groundcover in the oldest orchard. Vegetative growth was assessed in terms of shoot extension, trunk diameter and canopy volume. The groundcovers had the greatest effect on vegetative growth of the trees when they were established into an existing sward, followed by the 4-year-old trees, and then the 14-year-old trees. Yields were collected from the 4- and 14-year-old trees and were generally similar under bare soil or groundcovers, with smaller or similar canopy volumes. Nut quality was not consistently affected by the groundcovers, whereas nut-drop was delayed. Acceptable yields can be obtained in macadamias with groundcovers, with potential benefits in terms of soil structure, fertility and stability. Mown and unmown plots have similar productivity.

Effect of Arachis pintoi groundcover on performance of bananas in northern New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Johns
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Legume groundcovers have been promoted for controlling soil erosion in hillside banana plantations in northern New South Wales. An experiment was conducted at Alstonville to determine the effect of an Arachis pintoi (Pinto peanut) groundcover on banana productivity. The Arachis groundcover was slow to establish in the first year, but thereafter grew vigorously. While standing dry matter of groundcover was reduced at closer banana plant spacings, it was always more than adequate to control erosion. After 5.5 years many soil chemical parameters had been significantly affected by the presence of groundcover. Organic carbon concentrations to 30 cm depth were 5.6% greater on the groundcover plots (3.94 v. 3.71%), and total nitrogen was 8.5% greater (0.42 v. 0.39%). Other increases were exchangeable potassium 52%, calcium 26%, magnesium 43%, sodium 23%, electrical conductivity 24%, and pH 0.13 units. Banana leaf nutrient concentrations were not affected. Banana plants with groundcover produced 9% fewer bunches than their bare soil counterparts, with 4% fewer fingers per bunch. By the end of the experiment, fingers on the groundcover treatment were 9% lighter; consequently, the weight of marketable fruit (i.e. >120 g/finger) per bunch was reduced by 31% in the final year. The presence of groundcover reduced total fruit production over the whole trial by 16% and marketable fruit by 19%. In the last year of the experiment, total fruit production was reduced by 25%, and marketable fruit production by 40%. Over the whole trial, banana plants with groundcover produced 22% fewer suckers than the bare soil controls, with most of the effect occurring in the first 2 years. Soil temperatures at 20 cm under groundcover were as much as 0.7�C cooler than the controls in October-January, but similar for the rest of the year. This effect possibly contributed to decreased yields. Although the experiment was irrigated, the irrigation was possibly inadequate for the groundcover treatment, and competition for water between the Arachis and banana plants may also have been responsible for part of the yield depression. Rats fed on the buried Arachis seed each winter.

Response by wheat to phosphorus and nitrogen, with particular reference to 'haying-off'

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Dann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
The Individual

Heron wheat was grown with four levels of phosphorus (as superphosphate) and five levels of nitrogen (as ammonium sulphate) on two pairs of sites in the Riverina of New South Wales, to examine the 'haying-off' phenomenon. Within each pair of sites there was a large difference in soil fertility, as a result of contrasting pasture and cropping histories. Various attributes of crop growth and yield were measured. The crops responded more to phosphorus than to nitrogen. Phosphorus increased grain yield on two sites, and 1000-grain weights on all sites ; nitrogen increased grain yield on one very nitrogen-deficient site, and decreased 1000-grain weights on all sites. In each pair of sites, vegetative growth was considerably greater on the higher fertility one ; however, the difference in grain yield was much less. The failure of the crops on the higher fertility sites to achieve the grain yield potential indicated by their vegetative growth, is possibly an expression of the phenomenon commonly called haying-off. In the absence of adequate soil and plant moisture measurements, it cannot be stated unequivocally that the observed possible expression of haying-off was caused by a soil moisture deficiency induced by increased vegetative growth responding to higher fertility. The nature of the responses to phosphorus and nitrogen on the individual sites suggests that other factors besides induced moisture deficiency may be involved.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization in consecutive cycles and its impact on high-density peach crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Vanni Ferreira ◽  
Luciano Picolotto ◽  
Ivan dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Juliano Dutra Schmitz ◽  
Luis Eduardo Corrêa Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
High Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the mineral composition of leaves, initial growth, and yield of peach (Prunus persica) tree advanced selections grown at a high-planting density. The experiment was carried out between 2012 and 2015 in a randomized complete block design, with a combination of advanced selections of the 'Cascata 1513' and 'Cascata 1067' peach trees and of N fertilization doses (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 N). Green weight after pruning, diameter, and increase of trunk diameter, canopy volume, plant height, branch length, number of buds per centimeter of shoot, chlorophyll index, leaf area, rust incidence, average production, number of fruit, and mass of fruit were evaluated. Genotype affects the vegetative growth and productive performance of peach trees. The application of N to dense peach orchards promotes a greater vegetative growth of the plants and increases the content of the nutrient in leaves. The initial production is affected by N fertilization. The recommendation of N fertilization made to date is insufficient for peach trees at high-density management systems of production.

scholarly journals Effect of organic mulch and LEDs light colors on green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-044
Author(s):  
Fatma S Moursy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Studying the positive role of applying organic mulch and different colors of LEDs light, on the growth and yield of green bean plants, were carried out during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons, at a privet farm within Suez Governorate. Seedlings of Bronco cultivar were transplanted at the 15th of October of both seasons. Two types of organic mulch i.e., chopped maize straw and chopped rice straw, addition to bare soil (control) were tested as a soil mulch treatment (factor 1). In addition, LEDs light colors i.e., red, blue and "red + blue" and without LED light were also tested (factor 2). Finally, interaction between both studied factors was also studied. Studied factors were arranged in split plot design with three replicates. Organic soil mulches were arranged in the main plots. However, LEDs light colors were arranged within the sub main plots. Vegetative growth parameters i.e., plant height, number of leaves/plant, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weight of plants were measured. Moreover, percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves, as well as, chlorophyll reading (SPAD) were also measured. In addition, pod characteristics i.e., number of pods/plant, average pod weight and fiber content in pods, were studied as well. Finally, both early and total yield of green bean were studied. Changes in soil temperature under organic mulch treatments, as well as, bare soil were daily measured during the growing seasons. Results indicated that, in general, applying tested types of organic mulch modified soil temperature. Moreover, both tested factors were enhanced measured characters of vegetative growth, leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as yield and its components. Furthermore, both treatments of chopped maize straw and "red + blue" LEDs light, as well as the interaction between both treatments were the most suitable for increasing productivity and quality of green bean plants.

Growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) grown in the marginal upland area of Sta. Rita, Samar as influenced by different planting densities and mulching materials

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Zenaida Gonzaga ◽  
Warren Obeda ◽  
Ana Linda Gorme ◽  
Jessie Rom ◽  
Oscar Abrantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bare Soil ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Lady’S Finger ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Minor

Okra or Lady’s finger, botanically known as Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a tropical and sub-tropical indigenous vegetable crop commonly grown for its fibrous, slimy, and nutritious fruits and consumed by all classes of population. It has also several medicinal and economic values. Despite its many uses and potential value, its importance is under estimated, under-utilized, and considered a minor crop and little attention was paid to its improvement. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different planting densities and mulching materials on the growth and yield of okra grown in slightly sloping area in the marginal uplands in Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines. A split-plot experiment was set up with planting density as main plot and the different mulching materials as the sub-plot which were: unmulched or bare soil, rice straw, rice hull, hagonoy and plastic mulch. Planting density did not significantly affect the growth and yield of okra. Regardless ofthe mulching materials used, mulched plants were taller and yielded higher compared to unmulched plants. Moreover, the use of plastic mulch resulted to the highest total fruit yield. The results indicate the potential of mulching in increasing yield and thus profitability of okra production under marginal upland conditions.

Performance of prohexadione-calcium on shoot growth and fruit quality of apple — Effect of spray surfactants

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
C. G. Embree ◽  
J. Hebb ◽  
D. S. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Vegetative growth control of apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is necessary to maintain a balance between growth and cropping. Pruning is a labour-intensive management practice to achieve this and intrinsically stimulates new growth. Prohexadione-calcium (PC) is a plant bio-regulator that effectively regulat es the shoot extension growth of apples and other tree fruits. Previous research has demonstrated that its efficacy can vary based on the use of spray surfactants and adjuvants. This study investigated the efficacy of two rates of Apogee™, the commercial form of PC, used in combination with the spray surfactants Sylgard 309 and LI 700, on extension shoot growth and yield parameters. Experiments were conducted in Ontario on Empire and Nova Scotia on Royal Court™ Cortland apples. Treatments of 0, 75 or 125 mg L-1 PC, with and without either 0.5% (vol/vol.) LI 700 surfactant or 0.05% (vol/vol) Sylgard 309 surfactant were applied to Empire trees, and 75 or 125 mg L-1 PC, with or without 0.5% (vol/vol) LI 700, were applied to Royal Court™ trees. An untreated control treatment was also included for comparison purposes. A total of two sprays were applied to the Empire trees and a total of three sprays were applied to the Royal Court™ trees. PC significantly decreased the vegetative growth of Empire and Royal Court™ trees by approximately 18 to 44%, respectively, and the efficacy of PC was enhanced when combined with either Sylgard 309 or LI 700 surfactant. No additional benefit in vegetative growth control was gained when using Apogee™ at rates of 125 mg L-1 PC, relative to 75 mg L-1 PC. The rate of Apogee™ did not influence the number of fruit or yield per tree or mean fruit size of either cultivar. For Empire, LI 700 and Sylgard 309 significantly reduced the number of fruit per tree, resulting in lower yields and crop densities. In addition, higher mean fruit weights, and a greater distribution of fruit in the larger size categories were observed for LI 700. Fruit from Royal Court trees treated with the highest rate of Apogee™ had higher crop densities, poorer coloured fruit, and a higher percentage of fruit less than 60 mm in diameter. These data provide support for the use of alternative surfactants with Apogee™ other than those listed on the US and Canadian product labels. Key words: Apogee™, Empire, Cortland, Regalis, calcium 3-oxido-5-oxo-4-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylate, surfactant

Foliar application of Tecamin flower® to alleviate water deficit on vegetative growth and yield of tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Abood ◽  
Aziz Mahdi Abd Al-Shammari ◽  
Ghassan Jaafar Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield

scholarly journals Effect of Different Levels of NPK Fertilizers with the Foliar Application of Iron, Zinc and Boron on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Cowpea

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1254
Author(s):  
S. EL-Afifi ◽  
M. Zaghloul ◽  
W. EL-Saady ◽  
R. EL-Gammal
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Different Levels
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