Relating cultivar Pachymetra root rot resistance to sugarcane yield using breeding selection trial analyses

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Magarey ◽  
J. I. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Using Data

Plant breeders conduct a range of yield trials each year to estimate the yielding potential of sugarcane clones progressing through the breeding program. Only the highest-yielding clones are selected for further testing with very small numbers being released as commercial cultivars. Disease susceptibility varies greatly amongst the tested clones and a number of diseases influence the yield of clones in various stages of the selection process. Disease resistance testing is an important routine aspect of the breeding program. All clones for northern Queensland are screened for disease resistance, while selected clones from other areas are tested for resistance to Pachymetra root rot. Two new terms are introduced: resistance index (RI) and the yield loss resistance index (YLRI). Analyses were conducted relating yielding ability of clones in stage 3 trials to Pachymetra resistance. Pachymetra root rot on average reduced tonnes cane per hectare by 15.8% and tonnes sugar per hectare by 10.2%. There was a slight positive effect on commercial cane sugar. YLRI5 for tonnes cane was 3.5 and for tonnes sugar 5.7. With a RI of 3.7, the current breeding strategy for northern Queensland appears appropriate. The data reported here will be valuable for refining selection strategies to improve breeding efficiencies. These analyses could be undertaken each year using data from all breeding trials throughout Queensland, not only with Pachymetra root rot, but also with other diseases normally endemic in cane fields. The advantage of this technique is that with a minimum of further expenditure, ongoing estimates of disease-induced yield losses can be obtained with the information guiding the selection program.

Genetic parameters and genotype–environment interactions of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in Fujian Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Bian ◽  
Jisen Shi ◽  
Renhua Zheng ◽  
Jinhui Chen ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
The Third ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Sib Families

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is the most commercially important conifer in China, and the Nanjing Forestry University – Fujian Province Chinese fir Cooperation (NJFU – Fujian Cooperation) breeding program has advanced it into the third cycle of selection and breeding. In this paper, we estimated genetic parameters from four sites for 80 half-sib families and summarized previous estimates of genetic parameters in Chinese fir with an objective to propose optimal breeding strategy. Heritability averaged 0.20 and 0.14 for height and diameter at breast height (DBH), respectively, for the four sites. A significant genotype–environment interaction (G × E) for growth was also observed among the four sites, with the greatest interactions between a marginal site and the three central sites in the Fujian Province Chinese fir plantation region. The average estimated type-B genetic correlation between the marginal site and the three central sites was 0.08 for height and –0.09 for DBH. However, the highly productive families were among the most stable across the four sites. The results from this study in combination with summarized genetic parameters from literature were used to discuss and propose an optimal breeding strategy for the third generation of the breeding program for Chinese firs in Fujian Province.

scholarly journals Grafting for Disease Resistance

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1673-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. King ◽  
Angela R. Davis ◽  
Wenge Liu ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Future ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The primary purpose of grafting vegetables worldwide has been to provide resistance to soilborne diseases. The potential loss of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant combined with pathogen resistance to commonly used pesticides will make resistance to soilborne pathogens even more important in the future. The major disease problems addressed by grafting include fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, monosporascus root rot, and nematodes. Grafting has also been shown in some instances to increase tolerance to foliar fungal diseases, viruses, and insects. If the area devoted to grafting increases in the future, there will likely be a shift in the soil microbial environment that could lead to the development of new diseases or changes in the pathogen population of current diseases. This shift in pathogen populations could lead to the development of new diseases or the re-emergence of previously controlled diseases. Although grafting has been demonstrated to control many common diseases, the ultimate success will likely depend on how well we monitor for changes in pathogen populations and other unexpected consequences.

Keeping the Doors Closed

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Chiru ◽  
Sergiu Gherghina
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Leadership Selection ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Doors

This article is the first systematic exploration of the leadership selection process in the Romanian party system. We use process-tracing and qualitative tools, using data from party statutes and documents of the national conventions. We focus on the parliamentary political parties throughout the entire post-communist period. The analysis shows that nothing has changed at the level of centralization of decision, and inclusiveness with the members’ involvement remaining marginal in all parties. The competitiveness of the internal elections presents a more diverse and dynamic picture. We propose a novel typology for cross-case comparisons that illustrates the association between informal decentralization and increased competitiveness. Second, we advance explanations for the persistence of the “exclusiveness” status quo that take into account intraorganizational, institutional, and exogenous factors.

scholarly journals Resistance to Rust and Late Leafspot Diseases in Some Genotypes of Arachis hypogaea1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
D. McDonald ◽  
R. W. Gibbons ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
D. J. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance

Abstract Resistance to rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) and late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) in some peanut genotypes was studied under field conditions. Late leafspot development was also assessed in the glasshouse and the parameters lesion diameter, defoliation percentage and sporulation gave highly significant correlations with the field disease scores. Several genotypes were found to be resistant to both rust and late leafspot and should be useful sources of multiple disease-resistance in a breeding program.

Using data mining in the selection process of high performance managers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Edilson Ferneda ◽  
Hercules A. Do Prado ◽  
Alexandre G. Cancian Sobrinho ◽  
Remis Balaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals Zinc Induced Enzymatic Defense Mechanisms in Rhizoctonia Root Rot Infected Clusterbean Seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Wadhwa ◽  
Udai Narayan Joshi ◽  
Naresh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Wet Weight

This investigation was planned to determine the effect of different concentrations of zinc (Zn) on biochemical constituents of clusterbean, which play an important role in disease resistance mechanisms. Clusterbean seedlings were grown with 0, 10, or 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil treatments in earthen pots filled with 700 g inoculated soil. Soil was inoculated by pretreatment with 250 mg (wet weight) of Rhizoctonia inoculums per pot. A similar set was maintained in uninoculated soil. Root rot incidence decreased to 41 and 27 per cent with 10 and 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil treatments, respectively, as compared to 68 percent at control. Antioxidative enzyme activity (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and tyrosine ammonia lyase) increased in inoculated seedlings and was increased further by 20 mg Zn kg−1 soil treatment. Antioxidative enzymes play an important role against fungal invasion, as peroxidase is involved in the formation of barrier via lignifications at the site of pathogen penetration. PAL and TAL play a key role in phenylpropanoid metabolism and could perform defense-related functions. Zn acts as a cofactor for these enzymes, so it can be concluded that Zn may be used as a soil-nutritive agent to increase resistance in plants against fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Resistance of Scots pine half-sib families to Heterobasidion annosum in progeny field trials

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adas Marčiulynas ◽  
Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė ◽  
Povilas Žemaitis ◽  
Āris Jansons ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sib Families

Five Scots pine ( L.) progeny field trials, each established in different Lithuanian regions of provenance in 1983, were studied. Each progeny field trial consists of 140 half-sib families from seven populations (20 families from each population). The evaluation was carried out in 2012 and 2018 to assess the families resistance to (Fr.) Bref. An index of resistance in the infected plots was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the method, total phenolic compounds (TPC) was chosen as key parameter to compare with the plant resistance index. During the six years between the two assessments, the percentage of living Scots pine trees in the progeny field trials decreased up to 20 percentage points (range: 4 p.p. to 20 p.p.). In 2018 the area of damaged plots (in percentage from total field trial area) varied from 17 to 27%. Tree mortality in the trial correlates with site soil fertility – more fertile soils were distinguished by higher tree percentage loss and . Using analysis from combined data of all progeny trials, the family variance component reached 13.3 ± 2.2% and family heritability was 0.81. Family heritability estimates for root rot resistance show possibilities of high breeding effectiveness. The correlations between the trials in family resistance estimates were negligible (ranging from 0 to 0.28). The significant high correlation coefficient was determined between the resistance index and TPC concentration ( = 0.77,  = 0.0003). This allows us to assume that plant resistance is directly linked on TPC synthesis. The results indicate that the chosen methods of chemical resistance for identification of root rot-resistant genotypes are applicable for the selection of Scots pine half-sib families in the field trials with higher resistance to pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisHeterobasidion annosumH. annosumvice versarp

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